On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Conversion and Transformation of Sound into Light

In the study of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Sonoluminescence, we observe parallels with larger cosmic events. Specifically, sonoluminescence involves the rapid collapse of bubbles, which closely resembles gravitational collapse in space. This observation suggests the potential formation of low-density quantum black holes. These entities, which might be related to dark matter, are thought to experience a kind of transient evaporation similar to Hawking radiation seen in cosmic black holes. Consequently, sonoluminescence could be a valuable tool for investigating phenomena typically linked to cosmic scale events. Furthermore, the role of the Higgs boson is considered in this context, possibly connecting it to both TGFs and sonoluminescence. This research could enhance our understanding of the quantum mechanics of black holes and their relation to dark matter on Earth.

Current status and future perspectives on stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND Previous assessments of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries(SCI)have encountered challenges and constraints.Current research primarily emphasizes safety in early-phase clinical trials,while systematic reviews prioritize effectiveness,often overlooking safety and translational feasibility.This situation prompts inquiries regarding the readiness for clinical adoption.AIM To offer an up-to-date systematic literature review of clinical trial results concerning stem cell therapy for SCI.METHODS A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases[PubMed,Embase,Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),and Cochrane Library]up to October 14,2023.The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading(MeSH)terms and keywords related to"spinal cord","injury","clinical trials","stem cells","functional outcomes",and"adverse events".Studies included in this review consisted of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of SCI.RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,496 papers were initially identified,with 237 chosen for full-text analysis.Among them,236 were deemed eligible after excluding 170 for various reasons.These studies encompassed 1086 patients with varying SCI levels,with cervical injuries being the most common(42.2%).Bone marrow stem cells were the predominant stem cell type used(71.1%),with various administration methods.Follow-up durations averaged around 84.4 months.The 32.7%of patients showed functional improvement from American spinal injury association Impairment Scale(AIS)A to B,40.8%from AIS A to C,5.3%from AIS A to D,and 2.1%from AIS B to C.Sensory improvements were observed in 30.9%of patients.A relatively small number of adverse events were recorded,including fever(15.1%),headaches(4.3%),muscle tension(3.1%),and dizziness(2.6%),highlighting the potential for SCI recovery with stem cell therapy.CONCLUSION In the realm of SCI treatment,stem cell-based therapies show promise,but clinical trials reveal potential adverse events and limitations,underscoring the need for meticulous optimization of transplantation conditions and parameters,caution against swift clinical implementation,a deeper understanding of SCI pathophysiology,and addressing ethical,tumorigenicity,immunogenicity,and immunotoxicity concerns before gradual and careful adoption in clinical practice.

Oncologic outcomes with and without amniotic membranes in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy:A propensity score matched analysis

Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and potency.The long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be investigated.Our objective was to determine the oncologic outcomes of patients with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane(dHACM)at RARP compared to a matched cohort.Methods:In a referral centre,from August 2013 to October 2019,599 patients used dHACM in bilateral nerve-sparing RARP.We excluded patients with less than 12 months follow-up,simple prostatectomy,and unilateral nerve-sparing.Patients with dHACM(amnio group)were 529,and were propensity score matched 1:1 to 2465 patients without dHACM(non-amnio group)and a minimum follow-up of 36 months.At the time of RARP,dHACM was placed around the neurovascular bundle in the amnio group.Continuous and categorical variables in matched groups was tested by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Fisher's exact test respectively.Outcomes measured were biochemical recurrence(BCR),adjuvant and salvage therapy rates.Results:Propensity score matching resulted in two groups of 444 patients.Cumulative incidence functions for BCR did not show a difference between the groups(p=0.3).Patients in the non-amnio group required salvage therapy more frequently than the amnio group,particularly after partial nerve-sparing RARP(6.3%vs.2.3%,p=0.001).Limitations are the absence of prospective randomization.Conclusion:The data suggest that using dHACM does not have a negative impact on BCR in patients.Outcomes of cancer specific and overall survival will require follow-up study to increase our understanding of these grafts’impact on prostate cancer biology.

PRIMA NIDIFICAZIONE ACCERTATA DI NITTICORA Nycticorax nycticorax NELLA RISERVA NATURALE《TORBIERE DEL SEBINO》(Brescia)

Nel Paleartico occidentale la specie è distribuita in modo frammentario nellepatti centromeridionali.Per l’Italia settentrionale (Padania) è abbondante come esti-vante e nidificante e scarsamente localizzata come svernante,mentre per il restodel territorio nazionale è più scarsa e localizzata.Nel censimento del 1981 venivanostimate 17500 coppie nidificanti in Italia (FASOLA e ALIERI,1992),pari al 41% dellapopolazione europea.La Lombardia nel 1981 ha ospitato il 56% della popolazioneitaliana e nel 1983-87 sono state occupate 24 garzaie (BRICHETTI e FASOLA,1990).

RESOCONTO ORNITOLOGICO BRESCIANO 1992

RIASSUNTO-Prosegue nel 1992 la raccolta delle segnalazioni ornitologiche più interessanti per la pro-vincia di Brescia.Sono esclusi i dati già pubblicati su riviste specialistiche.Le specie segnalate sono 26.1992 ornithological report for the province of Brescia(Northern Italy).This fourth reportcollects the most interesting ornithological records concerning the year 1992,in the province of Brescia(Northern Italy).Once more records already published in scientific magazines are not reported.

RESOCONTO ORNITOLOGICO BRESCIANO 1986-1988 e 1989

Il presente articolo elenca le segnalazioni di specie ornitiche più interessanti della provin-cia di Brescia, relative agli anni 1986-1988 compresi, e 1989. Sono escluse da tale rapporto notizie riguar-danti le nidificazioni, gli svernamenti già compresi nei rispettivi Atlanti 1984-85; 1987-88 e i dati giàpubblicati su riviste specialistiche. 1986-1989 ornithological report for the province of Brescia (Northern Italy). This paperdeals with the more interesting bird species observed between 1986 and 1989 in the province of Brescia.The article does not include the wintering and breeding species already reported from other journals.

RESOCONTO ORNITOLOGICO BRESCIANO 1991

Prosegue nel 1991 la raccoha delle segnalazioni ornitologiche pith interessanti per la provincia di Brescia. Sono esclusi i dati già pubblicati su riviste specialistiche. Le specie segnalate sono 25 1991 ornithological report for the province of Brescia (Northern Italy). This third reportconsiders the more interesting ornithological record (25) of 1991, in the province of Brescia (NorthernItaly). The informations already published in other scientific journals are not reported.

ACCERTATA NIDIFICAZIONE DI CODIROSSO SPAZZACAMINO Phoenicurus ochruros NELLA CITTDI BRESCIA

Il Codirosso spazzacamino ha già colonizzato molte città lombarde (Varese,Lecco,Como,Bergamo,Milano),ma non è mai stato segnalato per la città,di Brescia,nonostante una segnalazione di probabile nidificazione nel quadrato IGM 47 ISO(che include Brescia).Verso la fine di luglio,passando dietro il Broletto ho notato in un cortile sottoil livello della strada un codirosso che mi ha incuriosito per il colorito più scuro;

PRESENZA REGOLARE DEL FORAPAGLIE MACCHIETTATO Locustella naevia DURANTE LA MIGRAZIONE PRIMAVERILE IN FRANCIACORTA(Brescia)

Per il Bresciano il Forapaglie macchiettato è considerato specie di comparsascarsa e relativamente regolare durante le migrazioni di agosto-settembre e aprile-maggio.Le segnalazioni note si riferiscono ad ambienti umidi della pianura,dellezone collinari e della parte bassa dell’anfiteatro morenico gardesano,con sporadicheosservazioni anche in ambienti incolti e aridi ricchi di bassa e folta vegetazione (BRI-CHETTI,1982).

PRIMA NIDIFICAZIONE DI RONDINE ROSSICCIA Hirundo daurica IN PROVINCIA DI BRESCIA

Durante il mese di agosto 1993 si è osservata ripetutamente una coppia adulta,con quattro giovani già volanti,di Rondine rossiccia Hirundo daurica nel comunedi Gargnano (tav.IGMI 35 Ⅲ SE,Gargnano).Le osservazioni si sono protratte dal 18 al 27 agosto,in un oliveto coltivato,esposto a SE e situato tra la via Prea e la strada statale 45 bis《Gardesana occidenta-le》,a circa 150 m s.l.m.I giovani erano già in grado di cacciare insetti in volo,ma ritornavano spesso al posatoio abituale costituito da un tratto di cavo telefonicoattraversante l’oliveto,dove venivano ancora imbeccati dai genitori.Durante il

OSSERVAZIONI SULLE SPECIE NIDIFICANTI LUNGO IL TRATTO BRESCIANO DEL COLATORE GAMBARA(Lombardia)DAL 1984 AL 1991

Breeding species recorded along Gambara river(Brescia province,Lombardy)from 1984 to1991.

SITUAZIONE DELL'AVIFAUNA DELLA PROVINCIA DI BRESCIA(Lombardia)AGGIORNAMENTO 1993

RIASSUNTO-Viene presentata e commentata la situazione dell’avifauna bresciana aggiornata al 1993.Le specie ritenute valide sono 346,appartenenti a 20 ordini e 64 famiglie.Le specie escluse sono 13.La fenologia di tutte le specie viene presentata sotto forma di Check-list.Per le specie nidificanti vengonoforniti dati su:consistenza e trend delle popolazioni,distribuzione provinciale,altitudinale e ambientale,《valore》e corologia.Le specie nidificanti,comprese quelle irregolari,possibili o probabili,sono 171;quelle svernanti 158.I migratori regolari esclusivi sono 49,gli accidentali 61.Status of the Birds of Brescia Province(Lombardy)updated to 1993.Accepted speciesare 346,belonging to 20 orders and 64 families;rejected species are 13.Phenology of all the speciesis given as Check-list.For the breeding species data are given about:population abundance and trend,distribution in the province according to altitude,environment and standardized Atlas grid,《value》andcorology.Breeding species,including irregular,possible or probable ones,are 171.The wintering speciesare 158.Strictly regular migrants are 49,vagrants 61.

ATLANTE DEGLI UCCELLI NIDIFICANTI IN PROVINCIA DI BRESCIA(Lombardia)AGGIUNTE 1985-1991

Updatings 1985-1991 to the Atlas of Breeding Birds in Provincia di Brescia(Lombardy).TheAuthor presents the following updatings(1985-1991)which raise to 166 the number of species nesting in theprovince.The new 7 recorded species are:Ardea purpurea,Cygnus olor,Larus ridibundus,confirmedbreeding,Aythya fuligula,Chlidonias niger,Sylvia cantillans,Panurus biarmicus,possible breeding.Thefollowings 8 species have not been recorded again:Arias crecca,confirmed breeding,Anas clypeata,Falcosubbuteo,Anthus pratensis,Acrocephalus schoenobaenus,Hippolais icterina,Ficedula hypoleuca,Serinuscitrinella,all only possible breeding.Increasing are recorded for Podiceps cristatus,Larus cachinnans,Meropsapiaster.Sylvia melanocephala,Sylvia nisoria,Sylvia communis,Remiz pendulinus,Pica pica,Corvusmonedula and Serinus serinus.

RESOCONTO ORNITOLOGICO BRESCIANO 1990

1990 ornithological report for the province of Brescia(Northern Italy).This paper deals withthe more interesting bird species observed(38)in the province of Brescia.The article does not include thewintering and breeding species already reported from other journals.

SECONDA CATTURA PER IL BRESCIANO E QUARTA PER L'ITALIA DI TORDO SIBERIANO Zoothera sibirica sibirica

Il giorno 18.10.1991 in località Timoline,frazione di Cortefranca,provinciadi Brescia fu catturato vivo,anche se in stato di forte debilitazione,un esemplarefemmina di Tordo siberiano (Zoothera sibirica sibirica) (BRICHETTI e MASSA,1984)Oltre alle caratteristiche specifiche del piumaggio,l’esemplare in questione pre-senta il groppone color grigio ardesia scuro,caratteristica questa che non comparein tutti gli esemplari.Le misure in millimetri sono le seguenti:ala 121; coda 82,1; becco 22,4; tarso 30.

SEGNALAZIONI FLORISTICHE PER IL TERRITORIO BRESCIANO:117-153

117.Pteris cretica L.(Pteridaceae)Nuova stazione per il Bresciano.RepertoMedia Val Camonica occidentale (5b-00273),comune di Piancogno,forra delT.Trobiolo,rocce carbonatiche (Calcare di Angolo),m 320 ca.s.l.m.,24.Ⅰ.1993,E.Lombardi e E.Bona,HbBE (Erbario Bona Enzo),HbTF (Erbario TagliaferriFilippo) e HbCA (Erbario Crescini Arturo).

GLI AFFLUENTI DELLA SPONDA BRESCIANA DEL LAGO DI ISEO ASPETTI MICROBIOLOGICI

Vengono analizzate, dal punto di vista microbiologico, le acque dei 17 affluenti dellasponda bresciana del lago d’Iseo. Dai rilevamenti effettuati si nota che quasi tutti i torsi d’acqua superfi-ciali presentano acque decisamente compromesse con alti indici di inquinamento fecale, influendo negati-vamente sulla qualità delle spiagge del lago stesso. I1 bacino lacustre presenta anche segni evidenti dieutrofizzazione, non osservabili fino a pochi anni fa. The Tributaries of the eastern shore of lake lseo. Micorbiological aspects. The watersof 17 tributaries of the eastern shore of lake Iseo are analysed from the microbiological viewpoint. Thesamples indicate that the majority of the surface streams have strongly polluted waters, with high indexesof faecal pollution and exercise a negative influence on the quality of the beaches. The lake basin itselfshows clear signs of eutrophication, unrecorded only a few years ago.

OSSERVAZIONI ORNITOLOGICHE IN UN CICLO ANNUO NELLA RISERVA NATURALE TORBIERE DEL SEBINO(Brescia,Lombardia)

RIASSUNTO-Con questo lavoro si descrivono le specie ornitiche che sono state osservate nel 1991nella Riserva Naturale Torbiere del Sebino.Le osservazioni sono avvenute settimanalmente per un am-montare di oltre 400 ore.Sono stati raccolti dati quantitativi solo per le specie più interessanti,mentreper le rimanenti ne è stata rilevata la sola presenza.I dati raccolti sono stati comparati con quelli degliultimi 20 anni circa.Lo studio ha evidenziato un incremento della maggior parte delle specie paludicolesia sotto un profilo qualitativo che quantitativo;ha favorito tale incremento l’istituzione della RiservaNaturale.One year ornithological observations into Riserva Naturale Torbiere del Sebino(Brescia,Lombardia).In this paper the ornithological species recorded in Riserva Naturale Torbiere del Sebinoduring 1991 are listed.The weekly observation time exceeded 400 hours.Quantitative data were collectedfor the most interesting species,while only the presence of all other species was recorded.The datagathered were compared with those concerning the last 20 years.The present study reveals an increaseof the ornithological fauna both from a qualitative and quantitative viewpoint.The most important factorcontribuiting to this increase has been the protection of the territory as a consequence of the establi-shment of the Riserva Naturale.

A molecular phenology scale of grape berry development

Fruit growth and development consist of a continuous succession of physical,biochemical,and physiological changes driven by a genetic program that dynamically responds to environmental cues.Establishing recognizable stages over the whole fruit lifetime represents a fundamental requirement for research and fruit crop cultivation.This is especially relevant in perennial crops like grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)to scale the development of its fruit across genotypes and growing conditions.In this work,molecular-based information from several grape berry transcriptomic datasets was exploited to build a molecular phenology scale(MPhS)and to map the ontogenic development of the fruit.The proposed statistical pipeline consisted of an unsupervised learning procedure yielding an innovative combination of semiparametric,smoothing,and dimensionality reduction tools.The transcriptomic distance between fruit samples was precisely quantified by means of the MPhS that also enabled to highlight the complex dynamics of the transcriptional program over berry development through the calculation of the rate of variation of MPhS stages by time.The MPhS allowed the alignment of time-series fruit samples proving to be a complementary method for mapping the progression of grape berry development with higher detail compared to classic time-or phenotype-based approaches.

The Golden Ratio Theorem: A Framework for Interchangeability and Self-Similarity in Complex Systems

The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.