Using state space models as a statistical impact measurement of survey redesigns: a case study of the labour force survey of the Australian Bureau of Statistics

The goals of any major business transformation programme in an official statistical agency often include improving data collection efficiency,data processing methodologies and data quality.However,the achievement of such improvements may have transitional statistical impacts that could be misinterpreted as real-world changes if they are not measured and handled appropriately.This paper describes a development work that sought to explore the design and analysis of a times-series experiment that measured the statistical impacts that sometimes occur during survey redesigns.The Labour Force Survey(LFS)of the Australian Bureau of Statistics(ABS)was used as a case study.In the present study:(1)A large-scale field experiment was designed and conducted that allowed the outgoing and the incoming surveys to run in parallel for some periods to measure the impacts of any changes to the survey process;and(2)The precision of the impact measurement was continuously improved while the new survey design was being implemented.The state space modelling(SSM)technique was adopted as the main approach,as it provides an efficient impact measurement.This approach enabled sampling error structure to be incorporated in the time-series intervention analysis.The approach was also able to be extended to take advantage of the availability of other related data sources(e.g.,the data obtained from the parallel data collection process)to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the impact measurement.As stated above,the LFS was used as a case study;however,the models and methods developed in this study could be extended to other surveys.

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and the economy in China: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the economy and the adult prevalence of fatty liver disease(FLD) in China's Mainland. METHODS: Literature searches on the Pub Med and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were performed to identify eligible studies published before July 2014. Records were limited to crosssectional surveys or baseline surveys of longitudinal studies that reported the adult prevalence of FLD and recruited subjects from the general population or community. The gross domestic product(GDP) per capita was chosen to assess the economic status. Multiple linear regression and Loess regression were chosen to fit the data and calculate the 95%CIs. Fitting and overfitting of the models were considered in choosing the appropriate models. RESULTS: There were 27 population-based surveys from 26 articles included in this study. The pooled mean prevalence of FLD in China was 16.73%(95%CI: 13.92%-19.53%). The prevalence of FLD was correlated with the GDP per capita and survey years in the country(adjusted R2 = 0.8736, P GDP per capita = 0.00426, P years = 0.0000394), as well as in coastal areas(R2 = 0.9196, P GDP per capita = 0.00241, P years = 0.00281). Furthermore, males [19.28%(95%CI: 15.68%-22.88%)] presented a higher prevalence than females [14.1%(95%CI: 11.42%-16.61%), P = 0.0071], especially in coastal areas [21.82(95%CI: 17.94%-25.71%) vs 17.01%(95%CI: 14.30%-19.89%), P = 0.0157]. Finally, the prevalence was predicted to reach 20.21% in 2020, increasing at a rate of 0.594% per year. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a correlation between the economy and the prevalence of FLD in China's Mainland.

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2012 National Economic and Social Development

February 22,2013 In 2012, faced with the complicated and severe international situation and arduous tasks of domestic reform, development and stability, under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,the people of all nationalities of China, taking the scientific development as the theme and the transformation of economic development

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2014 National Economic and Social Development(Excerpt)

February 26,2015General Outlook By the end of 2014,the total number of Chinese population at the mainland reached 1 367.82million,an increase of 7.10 million over that at the end of 2013.Of this total,urban permanent residents numbered 749.16million,accounting for 54.77 percent.The year 2014 saw 16.87 million births,a crude birth rate of 12.37 per thousand,and9.77 million deaths,or a crude death

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2013 National Economic and Social Development

February 24,2014General Outlook By the end of 2013,the total population in the mainland reached 1,360.72 million,an increase of6.68 million over that at the end of 2012.Of this total,urban permanent residents numbered 731.11million,accounting for 53.73 percent,or 1.16 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year.The year2013 saw 16.40 million births,a crude birth rate of 12.

Communiqué on Major Data of the Third National Economic Census(No. 1)

December 16,2014 According to the Notice of the State Council on Conducting the Third National Economic Census[No.(2012)60],China carried out its third national economic census with December 31,2013 as the reference time and all activities of 2013 should be reported.The economic census covered all legal entities,establishments and selfemployed units which were engaged in the secondary and tertiary

Statistical Monitoring Report on the Process of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way in China in 2011

Building a well-off society in an all-round way is the goal put forward at the 16th CPC National Congress for the first two decades of this century.According to 'Statistical Monitoring Program on Building a Well-off Society' [1], Institute of Statistical Science,National Bureau of Statistics of China and local statistics research departments had conducted statistical monitoring for the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way from 2000 to 2010 nationwide and locally.The result shows that,over the past decade,under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,China has succeeded in overcoming the impacts of many unfavorable factors including serious international financial crisis,rising production costs,the SARS epidemic,rare snow disasters and earthquakes, landslides,and the debt crisis of European sovereign.

Survey and Monitoring Report of Migrant Workers in 2011

The Total Population Size of Migrant Workers 1. Number of migrant workers continue to increase with a total amount of 252.78 million Estimated from the result of sample survey, the number of migrant workers of China in 2011 totaled 252.78 million, an increase of 10.55 million compared with last year, 4.4% up. Of whom, 158.63 million

Accessibility and availability of health care services to internally displaced persons, in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda

Introduction: During 1986-2009, an estimated 1.6 million persons were internally displaced from northern and eastern regions of Uganda due to civil war. We investigated accessibility to and availability of health care services for the internally displaced persons in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda. We interviewed a total of 1383 respondents comprising 968 (70%) adults and 415 (30%) adolescents;60% were females and 40% males, randomly selected from 35 of 67 (52.2%) internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. We held 27 key informant interviews and 52 focus group discussions. Data were entered in EPI data version 3.02 and analysed using SPSS version 12.00 statistical packages. Findings: Two thirds of the respondents 67.5% lived within 5 km distance of a health facility. The majority 62.9% of respondents mentioned that health related information was readily provided. 43.5% of health providers were always available in a health facility. A quarter 25.1% of health facilities always had drugs available, while 56.9% of the drugs prescribed were always available. Two thirds of the respondents 65.9% were satisfied with the health care services provided. The main reasons for the choice of a health facility were proximity 29.6%, provision of free treatment 24.7% and availability of drugs 17.2%. Main barriers to health care access were due to the lack of financial resources, trained personnel, and inadequate drugs and supplies in the health facilities. Conclusions and Recommendations: The majority of IDPs lived in close proximity to health facilities and obtained health care services from public health facilities. Access to health care was determined mainly by proximity and availability of free services and drugs. Although geographic accessibility to health services was high, lack of finances, information and decision power hindered access to health care services.

Communique on Major Data of National 1% Population Sampling Survey 2015

With reference to National Population Census Regulation and Notice of General Office of the State Councilon Conducting 1%Population Sampling Survey 2015,China initiated National1%Population Sampling Survey at zero hour on November 1,2015 as

The environmental costs of China's industrial development

This paper estimates China’s industrial costs under the virtual cost accounting approach.The estimation results show that Chinese industries have disbursed an increasing amount of environmental costs since 1992 while expanding environmental investment;China’s industrial cleanness has been on the rise since 1998;the virtual industrial environmental costs have been in decline since 1998.In 2007,the total industrial environmental costs accounted for merely 0.73%of gross industrial output value and only 2.52%of industrial value added;the virtual environmental costs accounted for merely 0.23%of gross industrial output value and only 0.81%of industrial value added.These figures indicate that the effects of environmental costs on the international competitiveness of Chinese industries are very limited even if China complies with the highest environmental standards.

An Analysis of China's Trade Balances with Other Countries and Regions

This article utilizes a large amount of statistical data to analyze the global distribution of foreign trade in China since 1990,as well as the factors involved and the changes in trends.The research results indicate that China has gained a favourable balance against developed countries and a disadvantageous balance against developing countries;China enjoys a trade surplus with North American and European countries while suffering deficits with those in the Asia.pacific region,as well as with resource-abundant Australia,Africa and South America. With regard to trends,the structure of China’s foreign trade will not undergo fundamental changes in the short term,but in the long run will be transformed in line with restructuring of the growth pattern.

Evaluation of Effluent Discharge from Steel Manufacturing Industries on the Proliferating Environmental Degradation in Nairobi Metropolitan in the Republic of Kenya

The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of steel industrial effluent on Nairobi metropolitan water system and its impact to the society. The study sought to identify various types of wastes produced by factories, assess how the waste generated is managed and disposed, examine the effects of effluent discharge on Nairobi River and finally propose mitigation measures. The research adopted a qualitative design and employed a number of methods: direct observations, document reviews to content analysis of the past studies, which in the end generated invaluable data. The study revealed that there are four categories of waste generated: solid waste, liquid waste, footbath chemicals as well as thermal wastes. It was also found that waste management in place was not effective enough leading to water and soil pollution. Other causes of pollution were found out to emanate from gasses contamination to the air and chemicals used during steel processing. The findings will inform the community of the harmful effects of untreated water and how it impacts on their health and productivity. It will also help the stakeholders in the environmental conservation to articulate issues of policy and influence agenda setting in the national and sub-national levels.

RCEP UNDER PROFOUND CHANGES UNSEEN IN A CENTURY:FEATURES,IMPACTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,that are accelerated by the global spread of Covid-19 pandemic.On November 15,2020,15 member parties including China signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP).On March 8,2021,the Chinese Government declared official rectification of the RCEP.In the future,as other signatories rectify the agreement(when six member states of the ASEAN and three non-ASEAN countries do so),this Free Trade Area(FTA)will become operational,one that boasts the world’s largest population,largest economic and trade size,and greatest development potentials.Not only is the RCEP the most important milestone in the Asia-Pacific regional economic cooperation,it has also injected strong driving force to the ebbing economic globalization and the international economic and trade cooperation.

Assessing green management performance of industrial enterprise:A case study of BH Petrochemical Co.,Ltd at the high-efficiency ecological economic zone of the Yellow River Delta

This paper puts forward the connotation of enterprise green management and green management performance evaluation,analyzes the characteristics of enterprise green management performance evaluation and decomposes its content.Using the triple performance method,the paper constructs the performance evaluation index system of enterprise green management.Taking BH Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.at the high-efficiency ecological economic zone of the Yellow River Delta as an example,by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and Matlab programming,this paper determines the weight of each index in the enterprise green management performance evaluation index system,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the green management performance evaluation of industrial enterprises.The results show that the performance evaluation index system of enterprise green management constructed by"triple performance method"has important theoretical significance and application value for evaluating and guiding enterprises to strengthen their green management.

A good start for China＇s national economy in the first quarter of 2018

Since the beginning of 2018,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core,all regions and departments adhered to the general working guideline of making progress while maintaining stability,adopted the new development philosophy,followed the requirements for high-quality development,centered on the development of a modern economic system and implemented policies vigorously.As a result,the national economy maintained the momentum of steady and sound devel-

Use of Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) for Study of Dietary Pattern in Urban and Rural Residents of Jiangsu

Objective To make retrospective assessment of the quality of diet in the urban and rural residents of Jiangsu province, China, during the 1990′s and a prospective study of the dietary pattern in the year of 2010 with desirable dietary pattern (DDP). Methods The calorie intake was calculated according to the method of balanced diet and the dietary pattern was assessed in terms of DDP score. Results Retrospective study revealed that the DDP score of cereals was decreased and that of animal foods increased remarkably in both the urban and rural residents during the decade. Prospective study showed that the readjustment of dietary structure for the urban residents should be focused on preventing the drop of cereal consumption and further lowering the intake of pork. Promotion of soybean and milk consumption to great extents will be needed to improve the quality of diet for both urban and rural residents of Jiangsu in the future. Conclusion It was illustrated that DDP is feasible for retrospective and prospective studies on dietary pattern as it is simple in calculation, its results are easy to understand and of practical significance to the masses and health workers.