The relationship between the intestines and their microbiota,the liver,and the neuronal system is called the gutliver-brain axis.This relationship has been studied and observed for a relatively short time but is consi...The relationship between the intestines and their microbiota,the liver,and the neuronal system is called the gutliver-brain axis.This relationship has been studied and observed for a relatively short time but is considered in the development of research focused on,e.g.,liver diseases and intestinal dysbiosis.The role of the gut microbiota in this relationship is crucial,as it acts on poultry’s performance and feed utilization,affecting meat and egg quality.The correct composition of the intestinal microbiota makes it possible to determine the essential metabolic pathways and biological processes of the individual components of the microbiota,allowing further speculation of the role of microbial populations on internal organs such as the liver and brain in the organism.The gut microbiota forms a complex,dense axis with the autonomic and enteric nervous systems.The symbiotic relationship between the liver and gut microbiota is based on immune,metabolic and neuroendocrine regulation,and stabilization.On the other hand,the gut-brain axis is a bidirectional interaction and information transfer system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.The following paper will discuss the current state of knowledge of the gut-liver-brain axis of poultry,including factors that may affect this complex relationship.展开更多
Objective： To assess the clinical effects of acupuncture in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods： Seventy patients fulfilled at least 4 items of the diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis of the American Col...Objective： To assess the clinical effects of acupuncture in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods： Seventy patients fulfilled at least 4 items of the diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis of the American College of Rheumatology （ACR）. All patients were instructed not to receive other relevant therapies during research. Patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by computer generated assigned codes to receive real acupuncture and sham acupuncture respectively. The codes of randomization were hidden from doctors and patients. Patients were studied before and after the whole acupuncture treatment sessions （36 treatments）.The results were assessed according to changes of ESR mm/h, CRP mg/L, rheumatoid factor （RF）, the radiological changes （the erosion and osteoporosis of hand or wrist joint）, the intensity of pain by visual analogue scale （VAS）, the modified questionnaire according to Laitinen and Zytkowski （the intensity of pain, frequency of pain, medicines, limitation of motive activity）. Results： No significant differences in comparison of any parameters were shown before treatment. After treatment, the results of VAS and modified questionnaire were far better in the treatment group than in the control. Conclusion： Acupuncture can achieve a positive result compared with the sham, and it is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
基金part of the UMO-2021/41/B/NZ9/02562 project funded by the National Science Center(Poland)funds from a subsidy for the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology granted by the Ministry of Education and Science in Poland(BN-WHIBZ-0/2023)。
文摘The relationship between the intestines and their microbiota,the liver,and the neuronal system is called the gutliver-brain axis.This relationship has been studied and observed for a relatively short time but is considered in the development of research focused on,e.g.,liver diseases and intestinal dysbiosis.The role of the gut microbiota in this relationship is crucial,as it acts on poultry’s performance and feed utilization,affecting meat and egg quality.The correct composition of the intestinal microbiota makes it possible to determine the essential metabolic pathways and biological processes of the individual components of the microbiota,allowing further speculation of the role of microbial populations on internal organs such as the liver and brain in the organism.The gut microbiota forms a complex,dense axis with the autonomic and enteric nervous systems.The symbiotic relationship between the liver and gut microbiota is based on immune,metabolic and neuroendocrine regulation,and stabilization.On the other hand,the gut-brain axis is a bidirectional interaction and information transfer system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.The following paper will discuss the current state of knowledge of the gut-liver-brain axis of poultry,including factors that may affect this complex relationship.
基金The research is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under NCBR POIR.04.01.04-00-0006/19 grant,“Cross-belt system for automated sorting of unit loads by a two-stage method”,performed in 2019-2022.
文摘Objective： To assess the clinical effects of acupuncture in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods： Seventy patients fulfilled at least 4 items of the diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis of the American College of Rheumatology （ACR）. All patients were instructed not to receive other relevant therapies during research. Patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by computer generated assigned codes to receive real acupuncture and sham acupuncture respectively. The codes of randomization were hidden from doctors and patients. Patients were studied before and after the whole acupuncture treatment sessions （36 treatments）.The results were assessed according to changes of ESR mm/h, CRP mg/L, rheumatoid factor （RF）, the radiological changes （the erosion and osteoporosis of hand or wrist joint）, the intensity of pain by visual analogue scale （VAS）, the modified questionnaire according to Laitinen and Zytkowski （the intensity of pain, frequency of pain, medicines, limitation of motive activity）. Results： No significant differences in comparison of any parameters were shown before treatment. After treatment, the results of VAS and modified questionnaire were far better in the treatment group than in the control. Conclusion： Acupuncture can achieve a positive result compared with the sham, and it is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
