满天星是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一,茎腐病是满天星的一种常见病害,严重时导致植株枯萎死亡,影响鲜花的观赏性和利用价值,造成一定的经济损失。2021年3月,笔者在云南省昆明市海口镇发现满天星茎腐病,该病主要为害茎基部,表现为茎...满天星是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一,茎腐病是满天星的一种常见病害,严重时导致植株枯萎死亡,影响鲜花的观赏性和利用价值,造成一定的经济损失。2021年3月,笔者在云南省昆明市海口镇发现满天星茎腐病,该病主要为害茎基部,表现为茎基部腐烂和萎蔫。为明确其病原,本研究对满天星茎腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定。柯赫氏法则证明该分离物可造成满天星组培苗和盆栽苗表现出与田间病株相似的症状,经接种后获得的分离物与田间自然发病的分离物一致。通过形态学鉴定,分离物能产生大量致密的气生菌丝,颜色从白色到淡橙色或黄色不等,菌落背面有暗红色色素沉积。显微镜观察发现其分离物的分生孢子呈镰刀形,腹面较平直,背侧呈拱形,具有3~6个隔膜,分生孢子大小为(21.1~57.9)μm×(2.7~5.1)μm(n=100),未见小型分生孢子,形态学上与镰刀菌属病原真菌相似。通过对其ITS基因序列与形态学鉴定,将分离物初步确定为禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC),为进一步确定亚种,使用翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列进行测序,发现该分离物与南方镰孢菌(F.meridionale)的同源性达100%。因此结合形态学和分子生物学特征,满天星茎腐病的病原确定为南方镰孢菌。目前国内尚未发现由南方镰孢菌侵染为害满天星茎部的相关研究报道,本研究结果将为防治满天星病害提供重要理论依据。展开更多
为深入了解黄脊竹蝗的研究动态和热点,本文利用中国知网、万方数据和维普中文期刊服务平台、CAB abstracts和Web of science^(TM)5个数据库,采用Vosviewer软件对黄脊竹蝗的研究进行了可视化分析。结果表明,关于黄脊竹蝗的文献最早发表于...为深入了解黄脊竹蝗的研究动态和热点,本文利用中国知网、万方数据和维普中文期刊服务平台、CAB abstracts和Web of science^(TM)5个数据库,采用Vosviewer软件对黄脊竹蝗的研究进行了可视化分析。结果表明,关于黄脊竹蝗的文献最早发表于1935年,近10年是相关研究发文量的高峰期。黄脊竹蝗相关文献最主要的媒介是学术期刊,占所有文献的79.38%;《湖南林业科技》是发文量最多的期刊。练佑明、舒金平、王浩杰和蒋国芳等作者发表文章数量名列前茅,练佑明以第一作者发表了11篇中文论文,蒋国芳发表的外文文献最多,这些学者的工作都促进了国际和国内的学术交流。黄脊竹蝗的研究热点与可持续治理高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和生物学特性。展开更多
Since it was first detected in Africa in early 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has spread to over 50 African countries, including Burkina Faso. This insect pest att...Since it was first detected in Africa in early 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has spread to over 50 African countries, including Burkina Faso. This insect pest attacks important cereals, such as maize, millet and sorghum, which are the staple food in Burkina Faso. Since the invasion of the FAW in Africa, data on farmers’ knowledge and their perceptions of this insect’s pest are scarce and fragmented in Burkina Faso. Although this issue has been already addressed in some African countries, farmers’ perceptions of this invasive insect pest may differ from one country to another. This reality justifies our study, the main objective of which is to assess the perception and level of knowledge of farmers on this new invasive insect pest and the consequences of its damage to cereal production in western Burkina Faso. To do this, a stratified survey was conducted among 355 farmers in two important agricultural regions of Burkina Faso, namely the Hauts-Bassins and the Cascades. At the end of these surveys, it was found that the age of the people surveyed varied from 18 to 80 years. People between the ages of 41 and 50 and 31 and 40 were the most numerous, with 31.27% and 30.14% of the target population, respectively. In addition, the majority of the farmers were male, 94.08% of them being men and 5.92% being women. More than half (50.42%) of this population was non-literate. Almost all of the farmers surveyed (97.46%) said they had heard of S. frugiperda and 80.85% of them said they could identify the insect pest. The date of appearance of the FAW was variously perceived by the farmers of the study area. According to these cereals growers, the years 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 were to be remembered in terms of the insect pest’s appearance. While for sorghum and millet the change in yields from 2010 to 2019 seemed slight, it was quite remarkable for maize according to the farmers. The average maize yield in 2016 and 2017 was 1.95 and 1.83 t/ha, respectively. These values will increase slightly in 2018 and 2019 with 2.08 and 2.39 t/ha, respectively. In the field, several management methods were used by the farmers to control the insect pest’s attacks. These include chemical, cultural, and physical control. Insecticide spray frequencies ranged from 1 to 4 and even more depending on the duration of the maize cycle.展开更多
为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草...为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草地贪夜蛾的文献数量随着时间的推移呈现整体上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来出现井喷式增长。学术期刊论文占总发文量的89.2%,Journal of Economic Entomology和《植物保护》分别是发文量最多的外文和中文期刊。在外文发文量方面,美国、巴西和墨西哥等国家的研究机构和学者名列前茅;在中文发文量方面,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所、全国农业技术推广服务中心和北京农学院位列前三。草地贪夜蛾的研究热点与其可持续防控高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和IPM方面的研究。展开更多
红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)若虫的重要内寄生性天敌。2013-2014年,在山东省沾化县冬枣园开展应用红颈常室茧蜂控制绿盲蝽若虫的田间释放技术研究。结果发现,田间...红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)若虫的重要内寄生性天敌。2013-2014年,在山东省沾化县冬枣园开展应用红颈常室茧蜂控制绿盲蝽若虫的田间释放技术研究。结果发现,田间单株罩笼以蜂虫比1:50、1:100和1:200连续3次释放红颈常室茧蜂成蜂,2年对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率分别为77.8%、63.8%和39.5%;2年3种放蜂比例连续3次放蜂对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率达60.4%,显著高于单次放蜂的寄生效果;大田3次释放红颈常室茧蜂蛹,按蜂虫比1:20连续3次放蜂,后续3个月调查结果表明放蜂园的平均寄生率为32.2%,是对照枣园的9.5倍。说明人工释放红颈常室茧蜂可以持续、有效地控制枣园绿盲蝽种群发生。展开更多
文摘满天星是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一,茎腐病是满天星的一种常见病害,严重时导致植株枯萎死亡,影响鲜花的观赏性和利用价值,造成一定的经济损失。2021年3月,笔者在云南省昆明市海口镇发现满天星茎腐病,该病主要为害茎基部,表现为茎基部腐烂和萎蔫。为明确其病原,本研究对满天星茎腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定。柯赫氏法则证明该分离物可造成满天星组培苗和盆栽苗表现出与田间病株相似的症状,经接种后获得的分离物与田间自然发病的分离物一致。通过形态学鉴定,分离物能产生大量致密的气生菌丝,颜色从白色到淡橙色或黄色不等,菌落背面有暗红色色素沉积。显微镜观察发现其分离物的分生孢子呈镰刀形,腹面较平直,背侧呈拱形,具有3~6个隔膜,分生孢子大小为(21.1~57.9)μm×(2.7~5.1)μm(n=100),未见小型分生孢子,形态学上与镰刀菌属病原真菌相似。通过对其ITS基因序列与形态学鉴定,将分离物初步确定为禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC),为进一步确定亚种,使用翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列进行测序,发现该分离物与南方镰孢菌(F.meridionale)的同源性达100%。因此结合形态学和分子生物学特征,满天星茎腐病的病原确定为南方镰孢菌。目前国内尚未发现由南方镰孢菌侵染为害满天星茎部的相关研究报道,本研究结果将为防治满天星病害提供重要理论依据。
文摘为深入了解黄脊竹蝗的研究动态和热点,本文利用中国知网、万方数据和维普中文期刊服务平台、CAB abstracts和Web of science^(TM)5个数据库,采用Vosviewer软件对黄脊竹蝗的研究进行了可视化分析。结果表明,关于黄脊竹蝗的文献最早发表于1935年,近10年是相关研究发文量的高峰期。黄脊竹蝗相关文献最主要的媒介是学术期刊,占所有文献的79.38%;《湖南林业科技》是发文量最多的期刊。练佑明、舒金平、王浩杰和蒋国芳等作者发表文章数量名列前茅,练佑明以第一作者发表了11篇中文论文,蒋国芳发表的外文文献最多,这些学者的工作都促进了国际和国内的学术交流。黄脊竹蝗的研究热点与可持续治理高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和生物学特性。
文摘Since it was first detected in Africa in early 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has spread to over 50 African countries, including Burkina Faso. This insect pest attacks important cereals, such as maize, millet and sorghum, which are the staple food in Burkina Faso. Since the invasion of the FAW in Africa, data on farmers’ knowledge and their perceptions of this insect’s pest are scarce and fragmented in Burkina Faso. Although this issue has been already addressed in some African countries, farmers’ perceptions of this invasive insect pest may differ from one country to another. This reality justifies our study, the main objective of which is to assess the perception and level of knowledge of farmers on this new invasive insect pest and the consequences of its damage to cereal production in western Burkina Faso. To do this, a stratified survey was conducted among 355 farmers in two important agricultural regions of Burkina Faso, namely the Hauts-Bassins and the Cascades. At the end of these surveys, it was found that the age of the people surveyed varied from 18 to 80 years. People between the ages of 41 and 50 and 31 and 40 were the most numerous, with 31.27% and 30.14% of the target population, respectively. In addition, the majority of the farmers were male, 94.08% of them being men and 5.92% being women. More than half (50.42%) of this population was non-literate. Almost all of the farmers surveyed (97.46%) said they had heard of S. frugiperda and 80.85% of them said they could identify the insect pest. The date of appearance of the FAW was variously perceived by the farmers of the study area. According to these cereals growers, the years 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 were to be remembered in terms of the insect pest’s appearance. While for sorghum and millet the change in yields from 2010 to 2019 seemed slight, it was quite remarkable for maize according to the farmers. The average maize yield in 2016 and 2017 was 1.95 and 1.83 t/ha, respectively. These values will increase slightly in 2018 and 2019 with 2.08 and 2.39 t/ha, respectively. In the field, several management methods were used by the farmers to control the insect pest’s attacks. These include chemical, cultural, and physical control. Insecticide spray frequencies ranged from 1 to 4 and even more depending on the duration of the maize cycle.
文摘为了深入了解草地贪夜蛾在全球范围的研究动态和趋势,本文利用文献计量学方法,以知网、万方、维普、Web of Science和CAB文摘数据库为数据源,对1910-2019年在国内外发表的5 030篇草地贪夜蛾文献进行了统计分析。结果表明:国内外关于草地贪夜蛾的文献数量随着时间的推移呈现整体上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来出现井喷式增长。学术期刊论文占总发文量的89.2%,Journal of Economic Entomology和《植物保护》分别是发文量最多的外文和中文期刊。在外文发文量方面,美国、巴西和墨西哥等国家的研究机构和学者名列前茅;在中文发文量方面,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所、全国农业技术推广服务中心和北京农学院位列前三。草地贪夜蛾的研究热点与其可持续防控高度相关,尤其侧重生物防治和IPM方面的研究。
文摘红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)若虫的重要内寄生性天敌。2013-2014年,在山东省沾化县冬枣园开展应用红颈常室茧蜂控制绿盲蝽若虫的田间释放技术研究。结果发现,田间单株罩笼以蜂虫比1:50、1:100和1:200连续3次释放红颈常室茧蜂成蜂,2年对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率分别为77.8%、63.8%和39.5%;2年3种放蜂比例连续3次放蜂对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率达60.4%,显著高于单次放蜂的寄生效果;大田3次释放红颈常室茧蜂蛹,按蜂虫比1:20连续3次放蜂,后续3个月调查结果表明放蜂园的平均寄生率为32.2%,是对照枣园的9.5倍。说明人工释放红颈常室茧蜂可以持续、有效地控制枣园绿盲蝽种群发生。
