Reflection on the Construction of Tropical and South Subtropical Agricultural Experimental Station CATAS( Jiangmen)

This paper introduces the origin and progress of Tropical and South Subtropical Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Station( hereinafter referred to as experimental station) CATAS( Jiangmen),formulates the thought for construction of experimental station,analyzes the restrictive factors and puts forward corresponding countermeasures in order to provide reference for the decision- making and implementation of constructing the experimental station.

反相高效液相色谱法测定鱼肉组织中四环素族抗生素残留量

建立了一种采用固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法同时测定鱼肉中土霉素、四环素、金霉素的分析方法,即样品用McI-Vaine-EDTA溶液提取,C18小柱净化,流动相洗脱定容,选择355nm为检测波长进行检测,结果表明:土霉素、四环素、金霉素的检出限分别为0.02、0.03、0.04mg/kg,方法相对标准偏差为2.95%～5.73%,平均回收率为80%～92%。

Leaching and Transformation of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Soil After Application of N with Irrigation: A Soil Column Method

A soil column method was used to compare the effect of drip fertigation (the application of fertilizer through drip irrigation systems, DFI) on the leaching loss and transformation of urea-N in soil with that of surface fertilization combined with flood irrigation (SFI), and to study the leaching loss and transformation of three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers (nitrate fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, and urea fertilizer) in two contrasting soils after the fertigation. In comparison to SFI, DFI decreased leaching loss of urea-N from the soil and increased the mineral N (NH4+-N + NO3- -N) in the soil. The N leached from a clay loam soil ranged from 5.7% to 9.6% of the total N added as fertilizer, whereas for a sandy loam soil they ranged between 16.2% and 30.4%. Leaching losses of mineral N were higher when nitrate fertilizer was used compared to urea or ammonium fertilizer. Compared to the control (without urea addition), on the first day when soils were fertigated with urea, there were increases in NH4+-N in the soils. This confirmed the rapid hydrolysis of urea in soil during fertigation. NH4+-N in soils reached a peak about 5 days after fertigation, and due to nitrification it began to decrease at day 10. After applying NH4+-N fertilizer and urea and during the incubation period, the mineral nitrogen in the soil decreased. This may be related to the occurrence of NH4+-N fixation or volatilization in the soil during the fertigation process.

Molecular Structures and Mechanical Properties of Microbe Rapid Coagulation Natural Rubber

In this work,molecular structures,dynamic mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures of microbe coagulated natural rubber(NR) samples were analyzed by using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(py-GC/MS),rubber process analyzer(RPA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis(DMA).And the cross-linked network structures and mechanical properties of the corresponding NR vulcanizates were further determined by using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) crosslink density spectrometer(XLDS-15) and universal testing machines.The results show that NR raw rubber produced by rapidly coagulated with microorganism exhibits a simple molecular structure composition and good dynamic mechanical properties,and the corresponding NR vulcanizates possess the aggregation structure of high cross-linked density,a high glass transition temperature of-61.5 ℃ and high mechanical properties(tensile strength reaches 25.2 MPa),as compared with that coagulated with acetic acid.

AaMYB3 interacts with AabHLH1 to regulate proanthocyanidin accumulation in Anthurium andraeanum(Hort.)—another strategy to modulate pigmentation

Proanthocyanidins(PAs),also known as“condensed tannins”,are colorless metabolites produced through the flavonoid pathway that are involved in stress resistance in plants.Because PAs are involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway,they play a role in the modification of pigmentation conferred by anthocyanins in ornamental organs.In this study,we isolated the gene and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF),AaMYB3,and a basic helix-loop-helix TF,AabHLH1,from Anthurium andraeanum(Hort.),a typical tropical flower.AaMYB3 is primarily expressed in the spathe and negatively correlates with anthocyanin accumulation.A complementation test in an Arabidopsis tt8 mutant showed that AabHLH1 successfully restores the PA-deficient seed coat phenotype.The ectopic overexpression of AaMYB3 alone or its coexpression with AabHLH1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in light pink or even pale-pink corolla limbs by reducing their anthocyanin levels and greatly enhancing their accumulation of PAs.This overexpression of the anthurium TF genes upregulated the late anthocyanin enzymeencoding genes(NtDFR and NtANS)and the key PA genes(NtLAR and NtANR)in transgenic tobacco.The interaction between AaMYB3 and the AabHLH1 protein was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)assays.In the developing red spathes of the cultivars“Vitara”and“Tropical”,the expression of AaMYB3 was closely linked to PA accumulation,and AaMYB3 was coexpressed with AaCHS,AaF3H,AaDFR,AaANS,AaLAR,and AaANR.The expression pattern of AabHLH1 was similar to that of AaF3′H.Our results suggest that AaMYB3 and AabHLH1 are involved in the regulation of PA biosynthesis in anthurium and could potentially be used to metabolically engineer PA biosynthesis in plants.

Genome-wide Identification,Classification and Expression Analysis of Lhc Supergene Family in Castor Bean(Ricinus communis L.)

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding(LHC)proteins are a group of nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins that play a key role in plant photosynthesis and are widely involved in light harvesting,energy transfer to the reaction center,maintenance of thylakoid membrane structure,photoprotection and response to environmental conditions,etc.Although Lhc supergene family is well characterized in model plants such as Arabidopsis,rice and poplar,little information is available in castor bean(Ricinus communis L.).In this study,a genome-wide search was carried out for the first time to identify castor bean Lhc genes and analyze the gene structures,biochemical properties,evolutionary relationships and expression characteristics based on the published data of castor bean genome and ESTs.According to the results,a total of 28 RcLhcs genes representing 13 gene families(Lhca,Lhcb,Elip,Ohp1,Ohp2,SEP1,SEP2,SEP3,SEP4,SEP5,PsbS,Rieske and FCII)and 25 subgene families were identified in castor bean genome;to be specific,25 and 5 genes were found to have corresponding ESTs in NCBI and have alternative splicing isoforms,respectively.These RcLhcs contain 0 to 9 introns and distribute on 26 of the 25 878 released scaffolds.All RcLhcs genes were found to be expressed in all examined tissues,i.e.leaf,flower,II/III stage endosperm,V/VI stage endosperm and seed,with the highest expression level in leaf tissue.

Short-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility and root growth of rubber trees on Hainan Island, China

Rubber[Hevea brasiliensis(Willd.ex A.Juss.)Müll.Arg.]plantations are the largest cultivated forest type in tropical China.Returning organic materials to the soil will help to maintain the quality and growth of rubber trees.Although many studies have demonstrated that organic waste materials can be used to improve soil fertility and structure to promote root growth,few studies have studied the eff ects of organic amendments on soil fertility and root growth in rubber tree plantations.Here,bagasse,coconut husk or biochar were applied with a chemical fertilizer to test their eff ects on soil properties after 6 months and compared with the eff ects of only the chemical fertilizer.Results showed that the soil organic matter content,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium after the chemical fertilizer(F)treatment were all signifi cantly lower than after the chemical fertilizer+bagasse(Fba),chemical fertilizer+coconut husk(Fco)or chemical fertilizer+biochar(Fbi)(p<0.05).Soil pH in all organic amendments was higher than in the F treatment,but was only signifi cantly higher in the Fbi treatment.In contrast,soil bulk density in the F treatment was signifi cantly higher than in treatments with the organic amendments(p<0.05).When compared with the F treatment,soil root dry mass increased signifi-cantly by 190%,176%and 33%in Fba,Fco and Fbi treatments,respectively(p<0.05).Similar results were found for root activity,number of root tips,root length,root surface area and root volume.Conclusively,the application of bagasse,coconut husk and biochar increased soil fertility and promoted root growth of rubber trees in the short term.However,bagasse and coconut husk were more eff ective than biochar in improving root growth of rubber trees.

艾纳香属药用植物的化学分类学

艾纳香作为传统的民族药已有悠久的历史,在苗族、壮族等少数民族流传甚广,其具有抗炎、杀菌等功效。据记载艾纳香属中有10到15个种可以入药,为了加强对其合理的使用,了解10种艾纳香属药用植物中的共有或特征性化学成分与植物类群间的关系,探讨其演化规律,该文采用薄层层析(TLC)法,分别以甲醇为提取液,二氯甲烷∶丙酮=(12∶1)为展开剂和乙酸乙酯为提取液,石油醚-乙酸乙酯-氯仿(3∶1∶0.5)为展开剂进行成分展开,进行了初步的化学分类研究,并以TLC图谱中斑点的Rf值为依据,采用SPSS系统进行聚类分析。TLC结果表明:10种艾纳香属药用植物中的化学成分较多且存在差异,薄层色谱图(甲醇提取物)中Rf=0.4处斑点出现较为集中,其中以艾纳香中所含的化学成分较多,推测艾纳香属药用植物中的基源物种。且部分样品在此色谱条件下显现出易于识别的特征性斑点,可用于艾纳香品种的鉴识。该研究初步确定了这几种艾纳香属药用植物的亲缘关系,为寻找到艾纳香的药用替代品及后续艾纳香属药用植物的研究奠定了基础。

固体催化剂是否成功地仿效酶催化剂？(英文)

In many aspects,similitude exists between man-made catalysts and enzymes.Can scientific insight into this similitude stimulate new research directions in catalysis? More precisely,can the understanding of the mechanisms of activity control in enzymes suggest new advances for man-made catalysts? Indeed,it is already possible to design catalysts with (i) new structures (e.g.presence of several phases) and (ii) a better balance between the roles of the different components.The ambition is to keep the essential advantages of solids as catalysts,in particular robustness,easy separation from products,and tolerance to high temperatures,while adding the advantages typical of enzymes,like more activity,allostery,and more precise control of selectivity,in particular enantioselectivity.The ambition is to build a bridge between robust man-made functional solids and fragile but extremely selective enzymes.For that,results from a line of the work in our group will be used.

Molecular-based Integrated Identification of Bacterial Blight(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae) in Anthurium and Detection of Latent Infection

Bacterial blight,caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae( Xad),is the most destructive disease of anthurium worldwide,and no effective control technique has been developed currently. The comprehensive survey and precise detection of the pathogen is essential for evaluating disease progress and strengthening management to avoid a serious epidemic. In this study,a total of 253 blight-suspected samples of anthurum and other Araceae species were collected across the country,and 166 potential pathogenic bacteria strains were isolated and purified,after combined analysis on the characteristics of morphology,pathogenicity,16 S r DNA sequences and amplicons of Xad-specific SCAR markers. Finally,93 of which were considered as X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae. In addition,by using a nested-PCR in repeated detections,17 out of 21 prevalent anthurium cultivars without blight symptom exhibited latent infection even in young leaves. The results indicated that the anthurium bacterial blight distributed commonly in growing areas in China,and most of the commercial cultivars had no strong resistance.The identification of Xad infection( latent) would be beneficial for the disease forecasting and management improving in anthurium production.

Pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumonia(KpC4)infecting maize and mice

Recently, a new bacterial top rot disease of maize has frequently appeared in many areas of Yunnan Province, China. The pathogen of the disease was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae(Kp C4), which is well known to cause pulmonary and urinary diseases in humans and animals and occasionally exists as a harmless endophyte in plants. To evaluate the virulence of the maize pathogen to maize and mice, we inoculated maize and mice with routine inoculation and intraperitoneal injection respectively according to Koch's postulates. The results showed that Kp C4 and the clinical strain K. pneumoniae 138(Kp138) were all highly pathogenic to maize and mice and the strain re-isolated from diseased mice also caused typical top rot symptoms on maize by artificial inoculation. It is highlighting that a seemingly dedicated human/animal pathogen could cause plant disease. This is the first report of K. pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen of human/animal, could infect maize and mice. The findings serve as an alert to plant, medical and veterinarian scientists regarding a potentially dangerous bacterial pathogen infecting both plants and animals/humans. The maize plants in the field could serve as a reservoir for K. pneumoniae which might infect animals and probably humans when conditions are favorable. The new findings not only are significant in the developing control strategy for the new disease in Yunnan, but also serve as a starting point for further studies on the mechanism of pathogenesis and epidemiology of K. pneumoniae.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Epibacterial Communities on the Surfaces of Four Red Macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltis furcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16 S r RNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and ε-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the α-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoalteromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and Gl. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.

Study on Acute Toxicity of Purified Protein HAS1 Expression in KM Mice

[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic plants.[Methods]The acute toxicity of the purified protein HAS1 was observed by intragastric administration of mice,and the poisoning symptoms,poisoning degree,recovery and death were observed.[Results]No abnormal toxicity symptoms were observed in the test group,the vehicle control group and the blank control group.The main tissues and organs were not abnormal in gross anatomy.The average body weight of each group showed an increasing trend compared with before administration at 1,3,7,11 and 14 d after administration.It was found that after giving the purified protein HAS1 to KM mice at a cumulative dose of 64 mg/kg a day,no obvious toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity test,indicating that the test substance was non-toxic by oral administration.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further use of the protein and its coding genes.

Strengthening Brand Construction and Improving the Competitiveness of Tropical Distinctive Agricultural Products in Hainan

Brand construction plays an increasingly important role in marketing and competition in modern agricultural industry. There are problems in brand construction of tropical distinctive agricultural products in Hainan,including less famous brand products,weak core competence,strengthening declaration and ignoring management as well as imperfect marketing system,therefore resource integration should be stressed to develop famous brand products and technological innovation should be strengthened to promote core competence of enterprise.

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Organic Matters in Se-rich Areas of Hainan Island in Recent 30 Years

[Objectives] The aim was to reveal the distribution of soil organic matter content in cultivated land in the Se-rich areas of Hainan in 1980 and 2010,so as to provide reference for the study on the evolution of soil organic matter content. [Methods]With the combination of field investigation with indoor analysis,the characteristics of organic matter content in the Se-rich areas of Hainan in 1980 and 2010 was revealed by means of spatial analysis,and the differences were analyzed. [Results] In the last 30 years,the proportion of 20-30 g/kg of soil organic matter content in the Se-rich areas of Hainan was reduced,but the content of soil organic matter in the area generally increased. The average value of the content of organic matter in the area was increased from 25. 3 g/kg in the 1980 s to 28.1 g/kg,but its spatial distribution was uneven. [Conclusions] The farmers should be guided to change the fertilization structure,and attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer,so as to improve the soil organic matter content.

Determination of Six Synthetic Pigments inCompound Wine by HPLC

The aim of this work was to establish a method that the 6 synthetic pigments in compound wine were determined by HPLC.The synthetic pigments in the compound wines were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, separated by C_(18) symmetry chromatographic column, with 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate and methanol as the mobile phase with gradient elution, the sample was detected by diode array detector.The test results showed that the artificial synthetic pigment in 0.20-20 μg/L range of concentration had a good linear relationship(r>0.999 2), the detection limits were 0.000 16-0.001 04 g/kg, the recovery rates were 82.0%-97.0%, the relative standard deviation were 0.7%-3.5%. The method was simple, rapid, high sensitivity, good separation effect and can be widely used in the daily inspection work.

Study on Prediction Model for Spatial Distribution of the Average Temperature Based on GIS——Take Hainan Island as an Example

[Objective] The research aimed to study prediction model for spatial distribution of the average temperature based on GIS.[Method] Average temperature over the years as research object,based on Ordinary Kriging(OK),Inverse Distance Weight(IDW),SPLINE and Mixed Interpolation(MLR),monthly temperature data from 1979 to 2008 at 18 long-term meteorological observation stations in Hainan Island were conducted spatial grid treatment.Via contrasts and analyses on different interpolation methods,the optimum interpolation method for average temperature over the years in Hainan Island was selected.[Result] By error analyses of the four interpolation methods for average temperature in recent 30 years in Hainan Island,it was found that accuracy was MLR>IDW>OK>SPLINE.Spatial interpolation effect of MLR was the best for average temperature in Hainan Island.Spatial distribution of the average temperature in Hainan Island had obvious south-high-north-low latitudinal zonality and vertical zonality of gradually declining as altitude rise.In addition,temperature along coast was slightly higher than that in inland.Lapse rate of the temperature in each month in Hainan Island was 0.38-0.85 ℃/100 m,and lapse rate of the annual average temperature was about 0.74 ℃/100 m.In different areas,lapse rate of the temperature as altitude was different at different time.[Conclusion] The research provided basis for obtaining continuous distribution situation of the agricultural meteorological factor and establishing accurate prediction model of the spatial distribution in Hainan Island.

Chronic hepatitis C:This and the new era of treatment

Over the last years it has started a real revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This occurred for the availability of direct-acting antiviral agents that allow to reach sustained virologic response in approximately 90% of cases. In the near future further progress will be achieved with the use of pan-genotypic drugs with high efficacy but without side effects.

Cloning and Analysis of Chitinase Gene in Bacillus subtilis HAS

[Objective] The paper was to study the possible mechanism of chitinase gene. [Method] The chitinase gene with inhibitory effect against a variety of pathogenic fungi was cloned and analyzed in this study. [Result] The genome of HAS strain contained an ORF of 834 bp. The homology of coding protein corresponding to ORF with chitosanase [Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168](ref|NP_390566.1) was the highest of 98%(272/277).[Conclusion]Through the analysis of amino acid sequence and secondary structure of the protease, tertiary structure prediction and analysis, HAS strain may play a pivotal role in controlling Sporisorium scitaminea Syd.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor Gene from Seedless Litchi

[Objective] This study aimed to clone and analyze the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene from seedless litchi. [Method] According to the EST sequence of cysteine proteinase inhibitor in constructed SSH subtractive library of seedless litchi abortion, nucleotide sequence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene was obtained by using RACE technology and analyzed by using bioinformatics software. [Result] A cysteine protease inhibitor gene was obtained with the sequence of 635 bp containing a 321 bp open reading frame. It was predicted that the encoded protein contained 106 amino acids with conserved domain of cysteine proteinase inhibitor and had relatively high homology with the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene of several species. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further exploring the physiological functions of this cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene in plants.