西澳大利亚卡尔古里金哩超大型金矿地质特征及成矿机理

卡尔古里超大型金哩矿床位于西澳大利亚伊尔岗太古界地块东部维卢纳(Wiluna)至诺斯曼(Norsman)金矿带的中部,以储量巨大(3 000 t)、产量高(2004年年产黄金29 t)、品位富(27 g/t)著称,为世界三大金矿之一,了解其成矿环境、地质特征、成矿机理、控矿因素,也许对我们找大型金矿有所裨益。

西澳大利亚卡尔古里金哩超大型金矿地质特征及成矿机理

卡尔古里超大型金哩矿床位于西澳大利亚伊尔岗太古界地块东部维卢纳(Wiluna)—诺斯曼(Norsman)金矿带的中部,以储量巨大(3 000 t)、产量高(2004年年产黄金29 t)、品位富(27 g/t)著称,为世界三大金矿之一,了解其成矿环境、地质特征、成矿机理、控矿因素,也许对我们找大型金矿有所裨益。

Effect of Casuarina Crushed Nodules, Rhizospheric Soil and Leaves Compost on Salt Tolerance of <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>L. and <i>Casuarina obesa</i>Miq.

Soil salinization is one of the major causes of land degradation. In Senegal, this phenomenon continues to grow, making soils unsuitable for agriculture. To rehabilitate salty lands, one of the recommended strategies is the use of salt-tolerant plants. Among them, plants of Casuarinaceae family form a relationship with symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria. It has been shown that symbiotic microorganisms play an important role in the establishment of tolerant plants in saline conditions (Djighaly et al., 2018). They improve plant performance and reduce transplant shock under salt stress conditions (Diagne et al., 2014). These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers. However, inocula containing symbiotic microorganisms are either too expensive or unavailable in many developing countries. The aim of this study is to test alternatively affordable and low-tech solutions to promote symbiotic interactions such as Casuarina crushed nodule, Casuarina rhizosphere soil and Casuarina leaves compost that may contain symbiotic microorganisms and also nutrients such as N and phosphorus. Two species of Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Casuarina obesa Miq.) were grown in the greenhouse on sterile soil to which an amendment was added (Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina Rhizospheric soil or Casuarina leaves compost). Plants were subjected to saline stress. After four months of cultivation, they were harvested and morphological and physiological parameters were determined. Results showed that inoculation with Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina rhizospheric soil and Casuarina leaves compost improved growth, total dry biomass, total chlorophyll and proline contents of C. equisetifolia and C. obesa plants in salt stress condition. These positive effects were more important in C. obesa plants amended with Casuarina leaves compost. This study shows that Casuarina leaves compost can play an important role in the rehabilitation of saline soils by improving Casuarina trees performance in saline conditions.

高频振荡通气下胸腔镜补片修补巨大先天性膈疝一例并文献复习

目的探讨在高频振荡通气(high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,HFOV)模式下行胸腔镜治疗巨大先天性膈疝(congenitial diaphragmatic hernia,CDH)的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析一例围生期序贯化管理的CDH胎儿,生后在HFOV下用胸腔镜完成补片膈疝修补的临床资料。并通过PubMed、Springer Link、Google Scholar、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方和维普数据库检索,总结HFOV下CDH胸腔镜治疗的经验。检索关键词:先天性膈疝(congenital diaphragmatic hernia)、高频振荡通气(high-frequency oscillatory ventilation)和胸腔镜(thoracoscopy)。检索截止日期2018年1月。结果本例于孕中期产检超声发现左侧膈疝后,转入本院胎儿医学中心进行详细检查并制定孕期监测和序贯化的治疗方案。孕晚期行胎儿影像学检查综合评估为中度肺发育不良。出生后即予气管插管,转入新生儿外科监护室;入室后在常频通气模式下状态不稳定,于生后第2个小时予HFOV模式后逐渐稳定;心脏彩色超声检查提示肺动脉高压;予降肺压等处理后于生后第3天内环境稳定,符合手术时机,在麻醉科医师和监护室医师共同配合、HFOV支持下行胸腔镜膈疝修补术(四孔法、补片修补);术中未出现高碳酸血症或酸中毒。术后第7天撤除呼吸机,术后第34天出院。随访3个月,无呼吸困难,未见膈疝复发。检索文献共有4篇HFOV下胸腔镜治疗CDH的英文文献,但均未列明具体指征。结论多学科协作、高频振荡通气模式下可顺利完成胸腔镜补片修补巨大先天性膈疝,但其安全性仍需大样本研究。

胎儿镜下气管栓塞术治疗重度先天性膈疝一例并文献复习

目的探讨胎儿镜下气管栓塞术(fetoscopic tracheal occlusion,FETO)在先天性膈疝(congenital diaphragmatic hernia,CDH)重度肺发育不良中的应用。方法回顾性分析一例产前诊断左侧CDH并重度肺发育不良的胎儿、应用FETO治疗的围手术期临床资料。同时通过检索PubMed、Springer Link、Google Scolar、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方和维普数据库,收集并详细分析截至2018年1月前发表的中英文相关文献,复习讨论胎儿CDH的FETO应用指征及术后序贯化管理的重要性。本次检索的中英文关键词为先天性膈疝(congenital diaphragmatic hernia)、胎儿镜下气管栓塞术(fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion)和随机对照研究(randomized controlled trial)。检索后将综述类文献及对同一作者、医院、研究所、数据库重复报道病例予以剔除。结果患儿于孕中期行产检超声检查时发现左侧膈疝,遂转入本院胎儿医学中心进行详细检查并经多学科团队制定序贯化治疗方案。孕26+3周时胎儿超声检查评估为重度肺发育不良[实测/预测LHR比值(o/e LHR)为18.8%]。按计划于孕29周行FETO,操作过程顺利。FETO后于孕29+5周、30+4周时复查超声提示o/e LHR分别为23.6%、26.1%。孕33周时突发胎膜早破,子宫外产时治疗下取出胎儿气管球囊后予气管插管,转入新生儿外科监护室。患儿于生后11 h予体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO),生后5 d在ECMO支持下行左侧膈肌修补术;33 d时因出现肝肾功能衰竭,家长放弃治疗后死亡。检索文献仅发现2篇单中心RCT英文报道,一篇认为FETO未能提高CDH存活率,另一篇则认为FETO可明显提高CDH存活率。结论FETO的管理需要多学科团队配合,可促进胎儿肺发育,对提高重度CDH新生儿期存活率有着积极的意义。