Are dogs not susceptible to retroviral infections?

Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.

Influence of quarantine during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on physical and psychosocial aspects:perceptions of 214 Brazilian athletes

Background:Social distancing may affect athletes,training,causing negative effects on mental and physical health.Objective:This study therefore aimed to characterize the perception of Brazilian athletes about their physical and psychosocial aspects,sleep quality and coping strategies during the quarantine of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study with online survey,performed with Brazilian athletes(amateur and professional)over 18 years.The main outcomes measures assessed were physical and psychosocial aspects,sleep quality and coping strategies.Results:A total of 214 athletes were included.The average weekly hours of training during the quarantine was 4.71±3.71 h,of which 64.5%athletes(138/214)were oriented by medical staff during training.For 52.8%(113/214)of athletes,training intensity during the quarantine was different/very different from the intensity before the quarantine.79.4%athletes(170/214)reported moderate to extreme difficulties in keeping the same level of training during the quarantine.77.1%athletes(165/214)had moderate to extreme anxiety and each of the athletes had concern about his or her athletic career future,including return to the sport.72.9%athletes(156/214)reported change in sleep schedule during the quarantine period.Conclusion:The quarantine period during COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the athlete^perception about training routine,since athletes reported reduction in training hours and training intensity.Overall,the athletes reported that they were moderately to extremely anxious.They also had concerns about their career in the future,as well as concerns regarding return to sport.

Expression of the P2X_2 receptor in different classes of ileum myenteric neurons in the female obese ob/ob mouse

AIM:To examine whether the ob/ob mouse model of obesity is accompanied by enteric nervous system ab-normalities such as altered motility METHODS:The study examined the distribution of the P2X 2 receptor (P2X 2 R) in myenteric neurons of female ob/ob mice. Specifically, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the co-expression of the P2X 2 R with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltrans-ferase (ChAT), and calretinin (CalR) in neurons of the small intestine myenteric plexus in ob/ob and control female mice In these sections, we used scanning confocal microscopy to analyze the co-localization of these markers as well as the neuronal density (cm 2 ) and area profile (μm2) of P2X 2 R-positive neurons In addition, enteric neurons were labeled using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NA H) diaphorase method and analyzed with light microscopy as an alternate means by which to analyze neuronal density and areaRESULTS:In the present study, we observed a 29 6% increase in the body weight of the ob/ob animals (OG) compared to the control group (CG) In addition, the average small intestine area was increased by approxi-mately 29 6% in the OG compared to the CG Immu-noreactivity (IR) for the P2X 2 R, nNOS, ChAT and CalR was detectable in the myenteric plexus, as well as in the smooth muscle, in both groups This IR appeared to be mainly cytoplasmic and was also associated with the cell membrane of the myenteric plexus neurons, where it outlined the neuronal cell bodies and their processes P2X 2 R-IR was observed to co-localize 100% with that for nNOS, ChAT and CalR in neurons of both groups In the ob/ob group, however, we observed that the neuronal density (neuron/cm 2 ) of P2X 2 R-IR cells was in-creased by 62% compared to CG, while that of NOS-IR and ChAT-IR neurons was reduced by 49% and 57%, respectively, compared to control mice The neuronal density of CalR-IR neurons was not different between the groups Morphometric studies further demonstrated that the cell body profile area (μm2) of nNOS-IR, ChAT-IR and CalR-IR neurons was increased by 34%, 20% and 55%, respectively, in the OG compared to controls Staining for NA H diaphorase activity is widely used to detect alterations in the enteric nervous system; however, our qualitative examination of NA H-diaphorase positive neurons in the myenteric ganglia revealed an overall similarity between the two groups CONCLUSION:We demonstrate increases in P2X2R expression and alterations in nNOS, ChAT and CalR IR in ileal myenteric neurons of female ob/ob mice compared to wild-type controls.

Geospatiality of climate change perceptions on coastal regions:A systematic bibliometric analysis

Climate change requires joint actions between government and local actors.Understanding the perception of people and communities is critical for designing climate change adaptation strategies.Those most affected by climate change are populations in coastal regions that face extreme weather events and sea-level increases.In this article,geospatial perception of climate change is identified,and the research parameters are quantified.In addition to investigating the correlations of hotspots on the topic of climate change perception with a focus on coastal communities,Natural Language Processing(NLP)was used to examine the research interactions.A total of 27,138 articles sources from Google Scholar and Scopus were analyzed.A systematic method was used for data processing combining bibliometric analysis and machine learning.Publication trends were analyzed in English,Spanish and Portuguese.Publications in English(87%)were selected for network and data mining analysis.Most of the research was conducted in the USA,followed by India and China.The main research methods were identified through correlation networks.In many cases,social studies of perception are related to climatic methods and vegetation analysis supported by GIS.The analysis of keywords identified ten research topics:adaptation,risk,community,local,impact,livelihood,farmer,household,strategy,and variability.“Adaptation”is in the core of the correlation network of all keywords.The interdisciplinary analysis between social and environmental factors,suggest improvements are needed for research in this field.A single method cannot address understanding of a phenomenon as complicated as the socio-environmental.This study provides valuable information for future research by clarifying the current context of perception work carried out in the coastal regions;and identifying the tools best suited for carrying out this type of research.

Effectiveness of traffic light system on Brazilian consumers perception of food healthfulness

Front-of-package(FOP)nutrition labelling schemes were developed to improve consumer’s comprehension about the food nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Several FOPs have already been developed,and Brazil is in the process of evaluating a scheme to introduce in the products.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TLS,the scheme proposed by the food industry,on the product healthfulness perception.A study with 141 participants was carried out.A conjoint task was designed considering three categories and levels:types of dairy products(light yogurt,prato cheese,and chocolate flavoured milk),Traffic Light System(yes vs.no)and brand(well-known vs.unknown).The effect of TLS on perceived healthfulness was evaluated using a 9-point scales(1:not healthy;9:very healthy).Results showed that the inclusion of TLS did not influence the perceived healthfulness of the products by consumers,even among consumers with higher interest in healthy eating.These findings suggest that the proposal supported by the food industry does not seem to be the most appropriate,being recommended the development of further studies to compare the efficacy of TLS and other FOP schemes.

Conceptual Proposal of a Facility Design for Accommodating Minipigs for Pharmaceutical and Radiopharmaceutical Research

The use of Animal House Facilities of IPEN-CNEN/SP （Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute-National Nuclear Energy Commission/SP, Brazil） has provided rats and mice with controlled sanitary quality for research and quality control in the production of radiopharmaceuticals lots, produced at IPEN, following rules of CONCEA-Brazilian National Council for Animal Experimentation Control and approved in CEUA （Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals）, before they are sent to hospitals and clinics spread out in Brazil, for use in nuclear medicine. The production and the supply of high quality laboratory animals have fundamental importance for the accomplishment of vanguard scientific research, with reproducibility and universality. The quality of those animals depends, largely, on the available facilities for their production and lodging, to assure the demanded sanitary control and animal＇s welfare, in agreement with the ethical principles that control the activity. Therefore, the facilities design is of vital importance so that the mentioned requirements can be reached. Nevertheless, pigs and miniature pigs have gained importance as large animal models in medicine. With their size, organ capacity, and physiology resembling in several aspects that of humans, pigs are well suited for preclinical experiments and long-term safety studies. Minipigs will be used for preclinical testing of radiopharmaceuticals and assays radioactive materials for cardiac tests. This paper describes the premises and preliminary activities that have been performed at IPEN for the design of new Animal House Facilities dedicated to keeping minipigs taking into account fundamental aspects such as： animal＇s welfare, sanitation, genetic, in agreement with the ethical principles that control the activity and environmental concerns.

Kinin B_2 receptor does not exert renoprotective effects on mice with glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis

AIM： To investigate a potential protective role of the kinin B2 receptor in a glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis mouse model. METHODS： We separated 28 C57Bl/6 male mice into 4 groups： untreated WT animals, untreated B2 knockout mice, glycerol-treated WT and glycerol-treated B2 knockout mice. Glycerol-treated animals received one intramuscular injections of glycerol solution （50% v/v, 7 mL/kg）. After 48 h, urine and blood samples were collected to measure creatinine and urea levels. Addi-tionally, kidney samples were extracted for histological evaluation, and the mRNA expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and infammatory mediators were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： Serum creatinine and urea levels showed differences between untreated wild-type and glycerol-treated wild-type mice （0.66 ± 0.04 vs 2.61 ± 0.53 mg/dL, P 〈 0.01; and 33.51 ± 2.08 vs 330.2 ± 77.7 mg/dL, P 〈 0.005）, and between untreated B2 knock-out mice and glycerol-treated knockout mice （0.56 ± 0.03 vs 2.23 ± 0.87 mg/dL, P 〈 0.05; and 42.49 ± 3.2 vs 327.2 ± 58.4 mg/dL, P 〈 0.01）, but there was no difference between the glycerol-treated wild-type and glycerol-treated knockout mice. Glycerol was able to in-duce a striking increase in kinin B2 receptor expression （〉 30 times, 31.34 ± 8.9） in kidney. Animals injected with glycerol had a higher degree of tubular injury than untreated animals. Wild-type and knockout mice treat-ed with glycerol intramuscularly present kidney injury, with impairment in renal function. However, B2 knock-out mice treated with glycerol did not show a different phenotype regarding kidney injury markers, when com-pared to the wild-type glycerol-treated group. CONCLUSION： We conclude that the kinin B2 receptordoes not have a protective role in renal injury.

Post-treatment with plant extracts used in Brazilian folk medicine caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate in the Allium cepa test

Species of the genus Psychotria are used for multiple purposes in Brazilian folk medicine,either as water infusions,baths or poultices.This study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of infusions of Psychotria brachypoda and P.birotula on the Allium cepa test.Exposure to distilled water was used as a negative control,while exposure to glyphosate was used as a positive control.The interaction of extracts(as a post-treatment)with the effects of glyphosate was also studied.Results showed that glyphosate and the extracts of both P.brachypoda and P.birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control(distilled water).Surprisingly,however,both extracts from P.brachypoda and P.birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment.Glyphosate also induced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations,which was followed by that of P.birotula extracts.However,the extracts from P.brachypoda did not show any signifi cant genotoxic effect.Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate,and some of the Psychotria extracts also did so.Notably,post-treatment of glyphosatetreated samples with P.brachypoda extracts induced a statistically signifi cant apoptotic effect.It is concluded that P.brachypoda extracts show antiproliferative effects and are not genotoxic,while extracts of P.birotula show a less potent antiproliferative effect and may induce chromosomal abnormalities.The fi nding of a partial reversion of the effects of glyphosate by a post-treatment with extracts from both plants should be followed up.

Effluent Zero Release Concept-The Brazilian Experience

Water scarcity is pushing the government,industries and researchers to the development of new strategies for water and wastewater management.An approach aimed at the optimization of the water use and minimization of effluent generation was developed at the Centro Experimental ARAMAR(CEA),a nuclear research facility,located in the State of Sao Paulo,Brazil.Bench scale tests followed by a pilot plant treating effluents from some nuclear research facilities have shown the results leading to the conclusion that the effluent zero release concept is feasible.Based on the gathered data,a project of an integrated effluent treatment system focusing on water recovery and environmental effluent release reduction has been developed.

Influence of Quince Rootstocks on Entomosporium Leaf Spot （Entomosporium mespili） Susceptibility in European Pear cv. Abate Fetel

Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar ＂Abate Fetel＂ in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to： （1） the beginning of symptoms appearance （BSA）; （2） the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity （TRMDI and TRMDS）; （3） area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve （AUIDPC and AUSDPC）. The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models： Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season.

聚光太阳能SCO_(2)热发电系统性能分析与优化设计

针对聚光太阳能超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2))热发电系统展开研究,构建系统热力学性能分析模型,分析集热侧、动力循环侧的性能,揭示系统集热-蓄热-热功转化之间的相互匹配特性规律,综合分析比较不同集热器、储热工质、动力循环组成的聚光太阳能SCO_(2)热发电系统的全年发电量和年均光-电转化效率,并对系统参数进行优化设计。结果表明:与线性菲涅尔式、槽形抛物面式聚光方式相比,塔式聚光方式的集热量受季节影响小,单位面积上全年集热量最高,全年集热效率约43%;增大高温储罐工质温度或降低低温储热罐工质温度能增大系统年发电量与年均光-电转化效率;采用塔式集热、NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)高温熔融盐、再压缩式超临界CO_(2)循环的聚光太阳能热发电系统具有最佳热力学性能。

Is magnesium deficiency the major cause of needle chlorosis of Pinus taeda in Brazil?

Needle chlorosis(NC)in Pinus taeda L.systems in Brazil becomes more frequent after second and third harvest rotation cycles.In a study to identify factors contributing to yellowing needle chorosis(YNC),trees were grown in soils originating from contrasting parent materials,and soils and needles(whole,green and chlorotic portions)from 1-and 2-year-old branches and the first and second needle flush release at four sites with YNC on P.taeda were analyzed for various elements and properties.All soils had very low base levels(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and K^(+))and P,suggesting a possible lack of multiple elements.YNC symptoms started at needle tips,then extended toward the needle base with time.First flush needles had longer portions with YNC than second flush needles did.Needles from the lower crown also had more symptoms along their length than those higher in the canopy.Symptoms were similar to those reported for Mg.In chlorotic portions,Mg and Ca concentrations were well below critical values;in particular,Mg levels were only one third of the critical value of 0.3 g kg^(-1).Collectively,results suggest that Mg deficiency is the primary reason for NC of P.taeda in various parent soils in Brazil.

国内外低、中放射性水平废物管理实践概述及启示

低中放射性水平废物管理是各国面临的长期的、挑战性的问题。本文归纳了监管方式与政策框架、放射性废物分类、处置设施建设、资金管理机制等,概述了国内外低中放射性水平废物管理实践,对比了国内外低中放射性废物管理经验,提出了我国在完善法规体系、优化分类管理、加强技术创新和建立长效资金保障机制等方面的建议。

Plant growth and metabolism of exotic and native Crotalaria species for mine land rehabilitation in the Amazon

Despite its enormous benefits,mining is respon-sible for intense changes to vegetation and soil properties.Thus,after extraction,it is necessary to rehabilitate the mined areas,creating better conditions for the establishment of plant species which is challenging.This study evaluated mineral and organic fertilization on the growth,and carbon and nitrogen(N)metabolism of two Crotalaria species[Cro-talaria spectabilis(exotic species)and Crotalaria maypu-rensis(native species from Carajás Mineral Province(CMP)]established on a waste pile from an iron mine in CMP.A control(without fertilizer application)and six fertilization mixtures were tested(i=NPK;ii=NPK+micronutrients;iii=NPK+micronutrients+organic compost;iv=PK;v=PK+micronutrients;vi=PK+micronutrients+organic compost).Fertilization contributed to increased growth of both species,and treatments with NPK and micronutrients had the best results(up to 257%cf.controls),while organic fertilization did not show differences.Exotic Crotalaria had a greater number of nodules,higher nodule dry mass,chlorophyll a and b contents and showed free ammonium as the predominant N form,reflecting greater increments in biomass compared to native species.Although having lower growth,the use of this native species in the rehabilitation of mining areas should be considered,mainly because it has good development and meets current government legislation as an opportunity to restore local biodiversity.

预烧炉应用于危险废物焚烧处置装置上的可行性分析

分析了传统焚烧装置处置高硫氯物料存在的问题,提出了一种将预烧炉与回转窑焚烧系统相结合的新型危险废物焚烧处置装置,分析表明,预烧炉应用于危险废物焚烧处置装置上具有可行性。

Anti-inflammatory natural products modulate interleukins and their related signaling markers in inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review

This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers.Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase databases.The search used keywords including“inflammatory bowel disease”,“medicinal plants”,“natural molecules”,“anti-inflammatory”,and“ulcerative colitis”,and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles,of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process.This study provides preclinical data on natural products(NPs)that can potentially treat IBD,including ulcerative colitis.The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κβ),the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance,and oxidative stress.The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-17,via the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)1,NF-κβ-p65,and STAT3 pathways.In addition,NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis,as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD,and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.

籼型杂交水稻恢复系粒长及粒重的分子改良

【目的】通过分子标记辅助选择培育长粒型新恢复系,为杂交水稻长粒型育种提供新的种质资源。【方法】利用常规回交育种、分子标记辅助选择和抗病鉴定,结合粒型和低垩白等形态性状选择,将长粒型基因gs3导入短粒型优良恢复系中间材料R33947中。【结果】培育出了4个新的长粒、低垩白和产量较高的改良系。他们的基因位点没有差异,但粒形和产量性状有明显不同。其中,RGL3株系配合力较好,后定名为成恢637。利用该恢复系与优质香稻不育系川康606A配制的杂交水稻新组合"川康优637"在长江上游区域试验中比对照F优498增产4.7%,米质优良。【结论】通过常规的回交选育、分子标记辅助选择和抗病鉴定,结合优良形态选择的方法,筛选获得4份gs3纯合的优质抗病改良系,为选育新的优质水稻恢复系提供种质资源。育成优良恢复系成恢637,其与优质香稻不育系川康606A配制的新组合"川康优637"具有品质优良、丰产性好、抗病性强等特点。

利用SNP芯片构建甘蓝型油菜高密度遗传连锁图谱及含油量性状QTL分析

【目的】在云南生境下挖掘甘蓝型油菜含油量QTL位点,为高含油量性状遗传机制研究和分子标记辅助高含油量育种提供理论基础。【方法】以高含油量材料G28为母本,低含油量材料H008为父本,通过小孢子培养技术创建包含175份株系的F1 DH群体,利用60K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传连锁图谱,结合2016-2017年丽江与临沧点DH群体含油量数据采用完备区间作图法,以LOD=2.5为阈值扫描含油量性状QTL。【结果】DH群体含油量性状呈现正态分布,表现出单向超亲分离。2个环境下共检测到6个含油量QTL,分别可解释6.29%~10.36%的表型变异。通过Blast分析将这6个QTL分别映射到参考基因组-Darmor-bzh ChrA01,ChrA10,ChrC05与ChrC08染色体物理图谱上。与前人研究比较分析推测位于C05染色体上的qOCc05.1与qOCc05.2为新的含油量性状相关的QTL。【结论】在云南生境下检测到6个含油量性状QTL并明确了其在染色体的物理区间,定位结果可用于下一步主效QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助高含油量油菜育种。

云南疣粒野生稻原生质体高效分离培养体系的建立

【目的】为云南疣粒野生稻原生质体的培养、细胞融合、细胞再分化成植株奠定基础。【方法】测定不同酶解组合及浓度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂浓度下云南疣粒野生稻原生质体的产量和活力,同时筛选云南疣粒野生稻原生质体分离和培养的较优条件。【结果】优化后建立云南疣粒野生稻胚性悬浮细胞系的周期可缩短至45~60 d;在纤维素酶1.5%+果胶酶0.3%+甘露醇0.6 M+MES 5 mM+CaCl(2)5 mM条件下酶解2 h,云南疣粒野生稻原生质的产量为1.45×10^6个/g·FW,活力达到90.17%,制备出的原生质体在固液培养下得到云南疣粒野生稻原生质体再生植株。【结论】建立了一套快速高效分离培养云南疣粒野生稻原生质体的体系,对研究重要植物资源、种质创新和发掘其优良基因具有重要意义。

Analysis of a New Composite Material for Watercraft Manufacturing

In this paper, we investigate the properties of an alternative material for use in marine engineering, namely a rigid and light sandwich-structured composite made of expanded polystyrene and fiberglass. Not only does this material have an improved section modulus, but it is also inexpensive, light, easy to manipulate, and commercially available in various sizes. Using a computer program based on the finite element method, we calculated the hogging and sagging stresses and strains acting on a prismatic boat model composed of this material, and determined the minimum sizes and maximum permissible stresses to avoid deformation. Finally, we calculated the structural weight of the resulting vessel for comparison with another structure of comparable dimensions constructed from the commonly used core material Divinycell.