AISI 316 L stainless steels type was surface modified by ion and solid nitriding treatment. It was demonstrated that a surface activation pretreatment in samples based in acid mixture accompanied with NH<sub>4&l...AISI 316 L stainless steels type was surface modified by ion and solid nitriding treatment. It was demonstrated that a surface activation pretreatment in samples based in acid mixture accompanied with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3 </sub>solution inside the container, can produce an efficient nitrogen diffusion process. As compared with ion nitriding treatment (20%N<sub>2</sub>-80%H<sub>2</sub>), the samples were treated with solid nitriding technique, using Fe4KCN based compound at the same time and temperature (6 h and 500<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C respectively). Superficial layers with a depth of 45 μm average were obtained with six hours treatment. Hardness surface values of two surface treatments present an increased value of approximately three times with respect to the matrix sample. Wear evaluation indicated low regimes of weight losses for both treatments. Oxidative-adhesive result is to be the predominant operating wear mechanism. Positive results were obtained in solid nitriding technique as compared with the expensive ion nitriding technique.展开更多
This research presents the influence of copper(Cu) concentration on the properties of copper zinc tin sulfide(CZTS) nanoparticles(NPs) synthesized by a colloidal method, employing oleylamine as an organic solvent. Fro...This research presents the influence of copper(Cu) concentration on the properties of copper zinc tin sulfide(CZTS) nanoparticles(NPs) synthesized by a colloidal method, employing oleylamine as an organic solvent. From the structural analysis, a pure phase of CZTS was obtained at an optimized molar ratio of 1.8:1.1:1:4,and secondary phases were observed as the Cu concentration increased. The increment of the NPs size from 15 to50 nm was noticed as a function of Cu concentration.Importantly, the optical bandgap energy was tuned from1.35 to 1.68 eV with respect to Cu concentration. The sample synthesized at the molar ratio of 1.8:1.1:1:4 showed a pure phase CZTS with desired elemental composition and bandgap. Furthermore, CZTS thin films were prepared by a doctor-blade method using synthesized NPs followed by annealing under a sulfur/nitrogen atmosphere. The annealed CZTS film showed a significant improvement in the morphological, electrical and optoelectronic properties.Thus, the annealed CZTS film can be efficiently used as an absorber layer in low-cost thin film solar cells.展开更多
文摘AISI 316 L stainless steels type was surface modified by ion and solid nitriding treatment. It was demonstrated that a surface activation pretreatment in samples based in acid mixture accompanied with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3 </sub>solution inside the container, can produce an efficient nitrogen diffusion process. As compared with ion nitriding treatment (20%N<sub>2</sub>-80%H<sub>2</sub>), the samples were treated with solid nitriding technique, using Fe4KCN based compound at the same time and temperature (6 h and 500<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C respectively). Superficial layers with a depth of 45 μm average were obtained with six hours treatment. Hardness surface values of two surface treatments present an increased value of approximately three times with respect to the matrix sample. Wear evaluation indicated low regimes of weight losses for both treatments. Oxidative-adhesive result is to be the predominant operating wear mechanism. Positive results were obtained in solid nitriding technique as compared with the expensive ion nitriding technique.
基金financially supported by the Mexican Center of Innovation in Solar Energy-CeMIE-Sol(No.P-55)。
文摘This research presents the influence of copper(Cu) concentration on the properties of copper zinc tin sulfide(CZTS) nanoparticles(NPs) synthesized by a colloidal method, employing oleylamine as an organic solvent. From the structural analysis, a pure phase of CZTS was obtained at an optimized molar ratio of 1.8:1.1:1:4,and secondary phases were observed as the Cu concentration increased. The increment of the NPs size from 15 to50 nm was noticed as a function of Cu concentration.Importantly, the optical bandgap energy was tuned from1.35 to 1.68 eV with respect to Cu concentration. The sample synthesized at the molar ratio of 1.8:1.1:1:4 showed a pure phase CZTS with desired elemental composition and bandgap. Furthermore, CZTS thin films were prepared by a doctor-blade method using synthesized NPs followed by annealing under a sulfur/nitrogen atmosphere. The annealed CZTS film showed a significant improvement in the morphological, electrical and optoelectronic properties.Thus, the annealed CZTS film can be efficiently used as an absorber layer in low-cost thin film solar cells.
