Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological ...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological hypotheses,among which the currently most widely accepted is the"multiple parallel hits"theory.According to this model,lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin resistance increase the vulnerability of the liver to many factors that act in a coordinated and cooperative manner to promote hepatic injury,inflammation and fibrosis.Among these factors,adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent chronic low grade inflammation play a crucial role.Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exerts an immune-regulating action on adipose tissue,and the growing wealth of epidemiological data is demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D is associated with both obesity and NAFLD.Furthermore,given the strong association between these conditions,current findings suggest that vitamin D may be involved in the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to adipose tissue dysfunction,and in the pathophysiology linking vitamin D deficiency with NAFLD and adiposity,together with an overview of the evidence available on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in cases of NAFLD.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of revascularization procedures with autologous greater saphenous vein in surgical management of iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in parenteral drug abusers. Methods Twenty-one pat...Objective To investigate the role of revascularization procedures with autologous greater saphenous vein in surgical management of iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in parenteral drug abusers. Methods Twenty-one patients with iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by parenteral drug abuse from 2004 to 2007 were enrolled. Among them,15 patients were male and 6 were female; their average age was 31.3 years. The size of pseudoaneurysms ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.5 cm. Common femoral artery and distal external iliac artery were often involved. We performed arterial reconstruction on these patients with autologous greater saphenous vein as a graft after excising iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm through a single curved inguinal incision. All patients were followed up,and the complications were recorded. Results The surgical procedures were finished without intraoperative mortality or perioperative complications. All patients were free of claudication symptoms after the surgery except one case with preoperative popliteal artery stenosis. One case of infection and wound tissue fistula was found later. One case had inguinal incisional hematoma and another complained of numbness in thigh skin. Conclusions The use of autologous greater saphenous venous grafts for arterial reconstruction after pseudoaneurysm excision in drug abusers is safe and effective. This technique offers more advantages than arterial ligation alone without revascularization. An optimal greater saphenous venous graft is a prerequisite for revascularization.展开更多
Climate change is the main factor affecting the country’s vulnerability,meanwhile,it is also a complicated and nonlinear dynamic system.In order to solve this complex problem,this paper first uses the analytic hierar...Climate change is the main factor affecting the country’s vulnerability,meanwhile,it is also a complicated and nonlinear dynamic system.In order to solve this complex problem,this paper first uses the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and natural breakpoint method(NBM)to implement an AHP-NBM comprehensive evaluation model to assess the national vulnerability.By using ArcGIS,national vulnerability scores are classified and the country’s vulnerability is divided into three levels:fragile,vulnerable,and stable.Then,a BP neural network prediction model which is based on multivariate linear regression is used to predict the critical point of vulnerability.The function of the critical point of vulnerability and time is established through multiple linear regression analysis to obtain the regression equation.And the proportion of each factor in the equation is established by using the partial least-squares regression to select the main factors affecting the country’s vulnerability,and using the neural network algorithm to perform the fitting.Lastly,the BP neural network prediction model is optimized by genetic algorithm to get the chaotic time series BP neural network prediction model.In order to verify the practicability of the model,Cambodia is selected to be an example to analyze the critical point of the national vulnerability index.展开更多
A methodology is proposed to evaluate and rank potential sites for facilities dealing with hazardous materials(HAZMAT).The proposed methodology incorporates HAZMAT route planning into facility siting while considering...A methodology is proposed to evaluate and rank potential sites for facilities dealing with hazardous materials(HAZMAT).The proposed methodology incorporates HAZMAT route planning into facility siting while considering transportation preferences and challenges.The area of interest is divided into smaller zones representing potential sites for a HAZMAT facility.A multimodal transportation network including railways and roads is considered for transportation of HAZMAT.Each zone is evaluated based on its accessibility from a set of selected points of interests(POIs),which are defined as potential origin/destination points for transportation of HAZMAT.The shortest routes between each POI and potential zones are evaluated based on a cost function which can accommodate multiple criteria to determine the associated disutility for each potential zone.Finally,zones are ranked based on their cumulative disutility scores.The proposed analysis method is quantitative,and at the same time it is adequately flexible to allow inclusion of subjective criteria.Application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for identifying optimal locations for a HAZMAT facility(e.g.,a nuclear facility)using the Canadian province of Saskatchewan as an example.Three scenarios were evaluated including(1)all network segments and POIs were treated equally,(2)network segments were rank ordered based on their functional classification while POIs were treated equally and(3)network segments were rank ordered based on their functional classification with preferences given to specific POI(s).展开更多
Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nat...Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas.展开更多
Objective To investigate the application of the retroperitoneal approach in aortic surgery. Methods We collected and analyzed data of 7 patients in Macao who presented with aortic diseases from 2007 to 2008 and were t...Objective To investigate the application of the retroperitoneal approach in aortic surgery. Methods We collected and analyzed data of 7 patients in Macao who presented with aortic diseases from 2007 to 2008 and were treated with aorta repair through retroperitoneal approach. Demographic features as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. One case of thoracoabdominal aneurysm and 4 cases of abdominal aneurysm received artificial graft, among which hybrid iliac artery reconstruction with Zenith stent covering the ostium of the left subclavian artery was performed in 2 cases of infrarenal abdominal aneurysm. Aortic-iliac artery bypass was performed in 2 cases of aortoiliac occlusion. Results No operative or early postoperative death was observed. No perioperative intestinal adhesion or ureteral obstruction was found. One case reported delayed paraplegia and graft infection as postoperative complications. The complications were partially removed 3 months later after rehabilitation. Conclusion Retroperitoneal approach is a safe and feasible technique, which associated with a low incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.展开更多
The Early Paleoproterozoic Monchegorsk Complex is exposed over an area of 550 km;and comprises two layered mafite–ultramafite intrusions:the Monchepluton of ultramafic and mafic rocks and the predominantly gabbroid
AIM To identify common copy number alterations on gastric cancer cell lines.METHODS Four gastric cancer cell lines(ACP02, ACP03, AGP01 and PG100) underwent chromosomal comparative genome hybridization and array compar...AIM To identify common copy number alterations on gastric cancer cell lines.METHODS Four gastric cancer cell lines(ACP02, ACP03, AGP01 and PG100) underwent chromosomal comparative genome hybridization and array comparative genome hybridization. We also confirmed the results by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the bacterial artificial chromosome clone and quantitative real time PCR analysis.RESULTS The amplification of 9p13.3 was detected in all cell lines by both methodologies. An increase in the copy number of 9p13.3 was also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Moreover, the interleukin 11 receptor alpha(IL11RA) and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase(MELK) genes, which are present in the 9p13.3 amplicon, revealed gains of the MELK gene in all the cell lines studied. Additionally, a gain in the copy number of IL11 RA and MELK was observed in 19.1%(13/68) and 55.9%(38/68) of primary gastric adenocarcinoma samples, respectively. CONCLUSION The characterization of a small gain region at 9p13.3 in gastric cancer cell lines and primary gastric adenocarcinoma samples has revealed MELK as a candidate target gene that is possibly related to the development of gastric cancer.展开更多
On December 5,2017,CFDA issued a notice on regulating cosmetics registration and filing application(Decree No.195,2017),in order to ensure that the company information on the new version of Cosmetics Production Licens...On December 5,2017,CFDA issued a notice on regulating cosmetics registration and filing application(Decree No.195,2017),in order to ensure that the company information on the new version of Cosmetics Production License and recorded products is consistent.For approved domestic special use cosmetics,the application for the change of company info is not required when the actual production place has no change,but should apply for the change when applying for展开更多
Great changes happened to Chinese cosmetics regulations in 2017. This article focuses on the latest update of cosmetics regulations in China since 2017 and assesses how those changes will impact the import of cosmetic...Great changes happened to Chinese cosmetics regulations in 2017. This article focuses on the latest update of cosmetics regulations in China since 2017 and assesses how those changes will impact the import of cosmetics to China.Data of registered or recorded cosmetics with CFDA or local FDAs Import cosmetics by展开更多
CIRS held a free webinar(download)on 26 and 27 Apr,2018 on How to Comply with the Pilot Policy of Expanding10 New Free Trade Zones(FTZs)for the Import of Nonspecial Use Cosmetics.The article includes 3 parts:1)General...CIRS held a free webinar(download)on 26 and 27 Apr,2018 on How to Comply with the Pilot Policy of Expanding10 New Free Trade Zones(FTZs)for the Import of Nonspecial Use Cosmetics.The article includes 3 parts:1)General info of pilot system in Shanghai Pudong new area and comparison with CFDA registration 2)Data analysis of record keeping in Pudong new area 3)Brief introduction and outlook of expanding 10 new free trade zones for the import of non-special use cosmetics.展开更多
With the objective to describe the relationship between T. cruzi infection in humans and sinantropic reservoir and vectors in the rural conditions a study was performed in municipalities of the Yucatan state in Mexico...With the objective to describe the relationship between T. cruzi infection in humans and sinantropic reservoir and vectors in the rural conditions a study was performed in municipalities of the Yucatan state in Mexico. Blood samples from humans, dogs and opossum were taken from the households. Vectors were also collected and the infection and infestation indexes were calculated. Serum samples were evaluated by indirect hemagglutination (IH) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) to determine IgG antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed in the samples taken from humans and reservoirs. Blood smears were performed in reservoirs. Sampled humans underwent to an electrocardiographic study to identify functional and conduction alterations of the heart. Household building characteristics were noted. A total of 367 blood samples were collected from people. The presence of IgG antibodies was 16.6% and 71.0% at PCR. Electrocardiographic studies revealed that 31% of patients seropositive to T. cruzi have a medical condition. 20.0% of dogs were seropositive and 68.5 positive to PCR. At the direct detection 13.6% resulted positive. In opossum 29.1% were seropositive and 72.9% positive to PCR. A total of 269 triatomineos were captured and 52.7% were infected with T. cruzi. The infection and infestation index were 52.4% and 60.8% respectively. The presence of adult vectors and their nymph’s were more frequently found in households made with wattle roofs (45.2 and 73.9 % respectively) than other kind of building materials. Electrocardiographic abnormalities found in positive persons were: Incomplete right bundle branch block (55%), tachycardia (35%), old myocardial infarction (5%) and incomplete block of the left bundle (5%). This work highlights the importance of comprehensive studies on the transmission of T. cruzi in the Yucatan where the link between human infection in synanthropic reservoirs and vectors is established. This information is important to design programs for the epidemiological surveillance and control to break the chain of transmission of the disease.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the 24- hour efficacy and safety of the latanoprost-timolol maleate-fixed combination vs latanoprost therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A prospective, observer-masked...Objective: To evaluate the 24- hour efficacy and safety of the latanoprost-timolol maleate-fixed combination vs latanoprost therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A prospective, observer-masked, crossover, activecontrolled, randomized comparison in which after a 6- week medicine-free period, patients were randomized to either latanoprost-timolol-fixed combination therapy or latanoprost therapy, both dosed once each evening, alone for 8 weeks. Patients were then switched to the opposite treatment for 8 weeks. At the end of the washout and treatment periods, a 24- hour diurnal curve was performed. Results: The baseline untreated mean± SD diurnal curve in 37 patients who completed the study was 24.2± 2.0 mm Hg. The mean diurnal curve was 19.2± 2.6 mm Hg for those who received latanoprost therapy alone and 16.7 ± 2.1 mm Hg for those who received the fixed combination therapy (P<.001). The fixed combination therapy also provided a lower absolute intraocular pressure level (1.5- 2.9 mm Hg, P<.001) and a greater intraocular pressure reduction from the untreated baseline (P<.001). Stinging was statistically lower with latanoprost therapy alone (P=.04), but itching was statistically increased compared with the fixed combination therapy (P=.04). Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the latanoprost-timolol-fixed combination compared with latanoprost therapy alone provides improved intraocular pressure reduction over the 24- hour diurnal curve and for each individual time point in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis have disease flares after conventional medications are tapered. There is no consistently safe, effective treatment for the maintenance of remission. ...BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis have disease flares after conventional medications are tapered. There is no consistently safe, effective treatment for the maintenance of remission. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial at eight centers to evaluate etanercept for the maintenance of remission in 180 patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. The primary outcome was sustained remission, defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener’s Granulomatosis of 0 for at least six months(scores can range from 0 to 67, with higher scores indicating more active disease). In addition to etanercept or placebo, patients received standard therapy(glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide or methotrexate). After remission, standard medications were tapered according to the protocol. RESULTS: The mean follow-up for the overall cohort was 27 months. Of the 174 patients who could be evaluated, 126(72.4 percent) had a sustained remission, but only 86(49.4 percent) remained in remission for the remainder of the trial. There were no significant differences between the etanercept and control groups in the rates of sustained remission(69.7 percent vs. 75.3 percent, P=0.39), sustained periods of low-level disease activity(86.5 percent vs. 90.6 percent, P=0.32), or the time required to achieve those measures. Disease flares were common in both groups, with 118 flares in the etanercept group(23 severe and 95 limited) and 134 in the control group(25 severe and 109 limited). There was no significant difference between the etanercept and control groups in the relative risk of disease flares per 100 person-years of follow-up(0.89, P=0.54). During the study, 56.2 percent of patients in the etanercept group and 57.1 percent of those in the control group had at least one severe or life-threatening adverse event or died(P=0.90). Solid cancers developed in six patients in the etanercept group, as compared with none in the control group(P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Etanercept is not effective for the maintenance of remission in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. Durable remissions were achieved in only a minority of the patients, and there was a high rate of treatment-related complications.展开更多
A 56-year-old man with a history of Wegener granulomatosis presented with 6 days of sinus congestion, fever, malaise, myalgias, episcleritis, and a morbilli form rash. An exacerbation of Wegener granulomatosis was the...A 56-year-old man with a history of Wegener granulomatosis presented with 6 days of sinus congestion, fever, malaise, myalgias, episcleritis, and a morbilli form rash. An exacerbation of Wegener granulomatosis was the principal concern because of the frequency of flares in that disease. The patient developed acute r enal failure, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and, finally, severe myocarditis that led to congestive heart failure. Additional history-taking and the evoluti on of his clinical features led to empirical treatment with doxycycline for huma n monocytic ehrlichiosis(HME). The diagnosis of HME was confirmed by both a poly merase chain reaction assay for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and by the demonstration of morulae within peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The patient improved prompt ly followinginstitution of doxycycline, and his cardiac function returned to nor mal over a period of 4 months.展开更多
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological hypotheses,among which the currently most widely accepted is the"multiple parallel hits"theory.According to this model,lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin resistance increase the vulnerability of the liver to many factors that act in a coordinated and cooperative manner to promote hepatic injury,inflammation and fibrosis.Among these factors,adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent chronic low grade inflammation play a crucial role.Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exerts an immune-regulating action on adipose tissue,and the growing wealth of epidemiological data is demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D is associated with both obesity and NAFLD.Furthermore,given the strong association between these conditions,current findings suggest that vitamin D may be involved in the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to adipose tissue dysfunction,and in the pathophysiology linking vitamin D deficiency with NAFLD and adiposity,together with an overview of the evidence available on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in cases of NAFLD.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of revascularization procedures with autologous greater saphenous vein in surgical management of iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in parenteral drug abusers. Methods Twenty-one patients with iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by parenteral drug abuse from 2004 to 2007 were enrolled. Among them,15 patients were male and 6 were female; their average age was 31.3 years. The size of pseudoaneurysms ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.5 cm. Common femoral artery and distal external iliac artery were often involved. We performed arterial reconstruction on these patients with autologous greater saphenous vein as a graft after excising iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm through a single curved inguinal incision. All patients were followed up,and the complications were recorded. Results The surgical procedures were finished without intraoperative mortality or perioperative complications. All patients were free of claudication symptoms after the surgery except one case with preoperative popliteal artery stenosis. One case of infection and wound tissue fistula was found later. One case had inguinal incisional hematoma and another complained of numbness in thigh skin. Conclusions The use of autologous greater saphenous venous grafts for arterial reconstruction after pseudoaneurysm excision in drug abusers is safe and effective. This technique offers more advantages than arterial ligation alone without revascularization. An optimal greater saphenous venous graft is a prerequisite for revascularization.
文摘Climate change is the main factor affecting the country’s vulnerability,meanwhile,it is also a complicated and nonlinear dynamic system.In order to solve this complex problem,this paper first uses the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and natural breakpoint method(NBM)to implement an AHP-NBM comprehensive evaluation model to assess the national vulnerability.By using ArcGIS,national vulnerability scores are classified and the country’s vulnerability is divided into three levels:fragile,vulnerable,and stable.Then,a BP neural network prediction model which is based on multivariate linear regression is used to predict the critical point of vulnerability.The function of the critical point of vulnerability and time is established through multiple linear regression analysis to obtain the regression equation.And the proportion of each factor in the equation is established by using the partial least-squares regression to select the main factors affecting the country’s vulnerability,and using the neural network algorithm to perform the fitting.Lastly,the BP neural network prediction model is optimized by genetic algorithm to get the chaotic time series BP neural network prediction model.In order to verify the practicability of the model,Cambodia is selected to be an example to analyze the critical point of the national vulnerability index.
基金supported by Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre for Nuclear Innovation
文摘A methodology is proposed to evaluate and rank potential sites for facilities dealing with hazardous materials(HAZMAT).The proposed methodology incorporates HAZMAT route planning into facility siting while considering transportation preferences and challenges.The area of interest is divided into smaller zones representing potential sites for a HAZMAT facility.A multimodal transportation network including railways and roads is considered for transportation of HAZMAT.Each zone is evaluated based on its accessibility from a set of selected points of interests(POIs),which are defined as potential origin/destination points for transportation of HAZMAT.The shortest routes between each POI and potential zones are evaluated based on a cost function which can accommodate multiple criteria to determine the associated disutility for each potential zone.Finally,zones are ranked based on their cumulative disutility scores.The proposed analysis method is quantitative,and at the same time it is adequately flexible to allow inclusion of subjective criteria.Application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for identifying optimal locations for a HAZMAT facility(e.g.,a nuclear facility)using the Canadian province of Saskatchewan as an example.Three scenarios were evaluated including(1)all network segments and POIs were treated equally,(2)network segments were rank ordered based on their functional classification while POIs were treated equally and(3)network segments were rank ordered based on their functional classification with preferences given to specific POI(s).
文摘Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas.
文摘Objective To investigate the application of the retroperitoneal approach in aortic surgery. Methods We collected and analyzed data of 7 patients in Macao who presented with aortic diseases from 2007 to 2008 and were treated with aorta repair through retroperitoneal approach. Demographic features as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. One case of thoracoabdominal aneurysm and 4 cases of abdominal aneurysm received artificial graft, among which hybrid iliac artery reconstruction with Zenith stent covering the ostium of the left subclavian artery was performed in 2 cases of infrarenal abdominal aneurysm. Aortic-iliac artery bypass was performed in 2 cases of aortoiliac occlusion. Results No operative or early postoperative death was observed. No perioperative intestinal adhesion or ureteral obstruction was found. One case reported delayed paraplegia and graft infection as postoperative complications. The complications were partially removed 3 months later after rehabilitation. Conclusion Retroperitoneal approach is a safe and feasible technique, which associated with a low incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.
文摘The Early Paleoproterozoic Monchegorsk Complex is exposed over an area of 550 km;and comprises two layered mafite–ultramafite intrusions:the Monchepluton of ultramafic and mafic rocks and the predominantly gabbroid
基金Supported by Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP,No.2009/07145-9
文摘AIM To identify common copy number alterations on gastric cancer cell lines.METHODS Four gastric cancer cell lines(ACP02, ACP03, AGP01 and PG100) underwent chromosomal comparative genome hybridization and array comparative genome hybridization. We also confirmed the results by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the bacterial artificial chromosome clone and quantitative real time PCR analysis.RESULTS The amplification of 9p13.3 was detected in all cell lines by both methodologies. An increase in the copy number of 9p13.3 was also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Moreover, the interleukin 11 receptor alpha(IL11RA) and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase(MELK) genes, which are present in the 9p13.3 amplicon, revealed gains of the MELK gene in all the cell lines studied. Additionally, a gain in the copy number of IL11 RA and MELK was observed in 19.1%(13/68) and 55.9%(38/68) of primary gastric adenocarcinoma samples, respectively. CONCLUSION The characterization of a small gain region at 9p13.3 in gastric cancer cell lines and primary gastric adenocarcinoma samples has revealed MELK as a candidate target gene that is possibly related to the development of gastric cancer.
文摘On December 5,2017,CFDA issued a notice on regulating cosmetics registration and filing application(Decree No.195,2017),in order to ensure that the company information on the new version of Cosmetics Production License and recorded products is consistent.For approved domestic special use cosmetics,the application for the change of company info is not required when the actual production place has no change,but should apply for the change when applying for
文摘Great changes happened to Chinese cosmetics regulations in 2017. This article focuses on the latest update of cosmetics regulations in China since 2017 and assesses how those changes will impact the import of cosmetics to China.Data of registered or recorded cosmetics with CFDA or local FDAs Import cosmetics by
文摘CIRS held a free webinar(download)on 26 and 27 Apr,2018 on How to Comply with the Pilot Policy of Expanding10 New Free Trade Zones(FTZs)for the Import of Nonspecial Use Cosmetics.The article includes 3 parts:1)General info of pilot system in Shanghai Pudong new area and comparison with CFDA registration 2)Data analysis of record keeping in Pudong new area 3)Brief introduction and outlook of expanding 10 new free trade zones for the import of non-special use cosmetics.
文摘With the objective to describe the relationship between T. cruzi infection in humans and sinantropic reservoir and vectors in the rural conditions a study was performed in municipalities of the Yucatan state in Mexico. Blood samples from humans, dogs and opossum were taken from the households. Vectors were also collected and the infection and infestation indexes were calculated. Serum samples were evaluated by indirect hemagglutination (IH) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) to determine IgG antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed in the samples taken from humans and reservoirs. Blood smears were performed in reservoirs. Sampled humans underwent to an electrocardiographic study to identify functional and conduction alterations of the heart. Household building characteristics were noted. A total of 367 blood samples were collected from people. The presence of IgG antibodies was 16.6% and 71.0% at PCR. Electrocardiographic studies revealed that 31% of patients seropositive to T. cruzi have a medical condition. 20.0% of dogs were seropositive and 68.5 positive to PCR. At the direct detection 13.6% resulted positive. In opossum 29.1% were seropositive and 72.9% positive to PCR. A total of 269 triatomineos were captured and 52.7% were infected with T. cruzi. The infection and infestation index were 52.4% and 60.8% respectively. The presence of adult vectors and their nymph’s were more frequently found in households made with wattle roofs (45.2 and 73.9 % respectively) than other kind of building materials. Electrocardiographic abnormalities found in positive persons were: Incomplete right bundle branch block (55%), tachycardia (35%), old myocardial infarction (5%) and incomplete block of the left bundle (5%). This work highlights the importance of comprehensive studies on the transmission of T. cruzi in the Yucatan where the link between human infection in synanthropic reservoirs and vectors is established. This information is important to design programs for the epidemiological surveillance and control to break the chain of transmission of the disease.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the 24- hour efficacy and safety of the latanoprost-timolol maleate-fixed combination vs latanoprost therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A prospective, observer-masked, crossover, activecontrolled, randomized comparison in which after a 6- week medicine-free period, patients were randomized to either latanoprost-timolol-fixed combination therapy or latanoprost therapy, both dosed once each evening, alone for 8 weeks. Patients were then switched to the opposite treatment for 8 weeks. At the end of the washout and treatment periods, a 24- hour diurnal curve was performed. Results: The baseline untreated mean± SD diurnal curve in 37 patients who completed the study was 24.2± 2.0 mm Hg. The mean diurnal curve was 19.2± 2.6 mm Hg for those who received latanoprost therapy alone and 16.7 ± 2.1 mm Hg for those who received the fixed combination therapy (P<.001). The fixed combination therapy also provided a lower absolute intraocular pressure level (1.5- 2.9 mm Hg, P<.001) and a greater intraocular pressure reduction from the untreated baseline (P<.001). Stinging was statistically lower with latanoprost therapy alone (P=.04), but itching was statistically increased compared with the fixed combination therapy (P=.04). Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the latanoprost-timolol-fixed combination compared with latanoprost therapy alone provides improved intraocular pressure reduction over the 24- hour diurnal curve and for each individual time point in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
文摘BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis have disease flares after conventional medications are tapered. There is no consistently safe, effective treatment for the maintenance of remission. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial at eight centers to evaluate etanercept for the maintenance of remission in 180 patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. The primary outcome was sustained remission, defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener’s Granulomatosis of 0 for at least six months(scores can range from 0 to 67, with higher scores indicating more active disease). In addition to etanercept or placebo, patients received standard therapy(glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide or methotrexate). After remission, standard medications were tapered according to the protocol. RESULTS: The mean follow-up for the overall cohort was 27 months. Of the 174 patients who could be evaluated, 126(72.4 percent) had a sustained remission, but only 86(49.4 percent) remained in remission for the remainder of the trial. There were no significant differences between the etanercept and control groups in the rates of sustained remission(69.7 percent vs. 75.3 percent, P=0.39), sustained periods of low-level disease activity(86.5 percent vs. 90.6 percent, P=0.32), or the time required to achieve those measures. Disease flares were common in both groups, with 118 flares in the etanercept group(23 severe and 95 limited) and 134 in the control group(25 severe and 109 limited). There was no significant difference between the etanercept and control groups in the relative risk of disease flares per 100 person-years of follow-up(0.89, P=0.54). During the study, 56.2 percent of patients in the etanercept group and 57.1 percent of those in the control group had at least one severe or life-threatening adverse event or died(P=0.90). Solid cancers developed in six patients in the etanercept group, as compared with none in the control group(P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Etanercept is not effective for the maintenance of remission in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. Durable remissions were achieved in only a minority of the patients, and there was a high rate of treatment-related complications.
文摘A 56-year-old man with a history of Wegener granulomatosis presented with 6 days of sinus congestion, fever, malaise, myalgias, episcleritis, and a morbilli form rash. An exacerbation of Wegener granulomatosis was the principal concern because of the frequency of flares in that disease. The patient developed acute r enal failure, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and, finally, severe myocarditis that led to congestive heart failure. Additional history-taking and the evoluti on of his clinical features led to empirical treatment with doxycycline for huma n monocytic ehrlichiosis(HME). The diagnosis of HME was confirmed by both a poly merase chain reaction assay for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and by the demonstration of morulae within peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The patient improved prompt ly followinginstitution of doxycycline, and his cardiac function returned to nor mal over a period of 4 months.