第十二届中国介入心脏病学大会(CIT)2014境内代表参会及征文通知

CIT2014，我们聚首上海！第十二届中国介入心脏病学大会（CIT2014）将于2014年3月20-23日在中国的金融中心-上海举行，会议将启用全新的场馆-上海跨国采购会展中心。

Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets.Considering mobility,the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass.The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation.Therefore,different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design.Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments,as well as numerical simulations,are too time-consuming,a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here.The ground truth for the artificial neural network(ANN)is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments.The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials,plate sizes,and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time.In a future investigation,the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat.Then,a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated.Finally,an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.

Determining osmotic suction through electrical conductivity for unsaturated low-plasticity soils

Determining osmotic suction from the electrical conductivity(EC)of soil pore water was widely reported in the literature.However,while dealing with unsaturated soils,they do not have enough soil pore water to be extracted for a reliable measurement of EC.In this paper,the chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer and contact filter paper method were used to determine the total and matric suctions for low-plasticity soils with different salinities(0.05‰,2.1‰,and 6.76‰).A new piecewise function was proposed to calculate the osmotic suction,with the piecewise point corresponding to the first occurrence of precipitated salt in mixed salt solutions(synthetic seawater).EC,ion and salt concentrations used for osmotic suction calculation were transformed from the established relationships of mixed salt solution instead of experimental measurement.The calculated osmotic suction by the proposed equation and the equations in the literature was compared with the indirectly measured one(the difference between the measured total and matric suctions).Results showed that the calculated osmotic suction,especially the one calculated using the proposed function,was in fair agreement with the indirectly measured data(especially for specimens with higher salinity of 6.76‰),suggesting that the transformation of EC and concentrations from the established relationship is a good alternative to direct measurement for lowplasticity soil.In particular,the proposed method could be applied to unsaturated low-plasticity soils which do not have enough soil pore water for a proper EC measurement.

2023年生成式人工智能技术主要发展动向分析

生成式人工智能已经成为人工智能的最前沿技术之一,被认为是通往通用人工智能的重要阶梯。对2023年生成式人工智能的主要发展动向进行了综合评述。首先盘点生成式人工智能技术当前发展状态;其次概述生成式人工智能技术未来发展趋势;最后探讨生成式人工智能的军事应用潜力。综述表明,多模态性和可解释性是当前生成式人工智能技术的热门方向,生成式人工智能技术的应用使强调指令理解推理的机器人、强调归纳推理的基础科学等领域不断取得突破,面向终端用户的“轻量化”和面向开发者的“开源化”势头正盛,与此同时,对生成式人工智能技术应用的监管也迫在眉睫。综述认为,深度融合多模态、建设高质量数据资源及评估手段、强调与环境自主交互、在边缘侧低成本应用部署、平衡技术发展与规制治理等,将是生成式人工智能技术在未来的重要发展方向。

Soluble p75 neurotrophic receptor as a reliable biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: what is the evidence?

Neurodegenerative diseases are often misdiagnosed,especially when the diagnosis is based solely on clinical symptoms.The p75 neurotrophic receptor(p75^(NTR))has been studied as an index of sensory and motor nerve development and maturation.Its cleavable extracellular domain(ECD)is readily detectable in various biological fluids including plasma,serum and urine.There is evidence for increased p75NTR ECD levels in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,age-related dementia,schizophrenia,and diabetic neuropathy.Whether p75^(NTR) ECD could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis in these disorders,and whether it could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies,remains an open question.In this review,we present and discuss published studies that have evaluated the relevance of this emerging biomarker in the context of various neurodegenerative diseases.We also highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand the role of p75^(NTR) ECD in the clinical diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders.

累积叠轧焊Al/Mg/Al多层复合材料的腐蚀行为

研究累积叠轧焊(ARB)Al1050/AZ31/Al1050多层复合材料的腐蚀行为,腐蚀介质为3.5%Na Cl(质量分数)溶液,分析测试手段包括动电位极化测试(PDP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)、拉曼光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)等。为了深入研究Al1050/AZ31/Al1050多层复合材料的耐腐蚀性和腐蚀产物,对ARB制备的Al1050/Al1050/Al1050多层复合材料进行了相似的测试作为对比。动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱显示,ARB应变水平会显著影响腐蚀速率。与Al1050/Al1050/Al1050样品相比,Al1050/AZ31/Al1050多层复合材料具有更高的腐蚀速率和更低的极化电阻。AZ31层对腐蚀过程起主导作用。拉曼和XRD分析结果表明主要腐蚀产物为Mg(OH)2,且不含任何氯化合物(如(Mg(OH)_(2))·MgCl_(2))。

Interleukin 6 and Bone Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis in an African Hospital

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study was to describe plasma IL-6 variations in RA patients at Cité Verte District Hospital (Cameroon). Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included patients over 18 years old suffering from RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Patients with an infection were not included. The data collected were age, sex, smoking status, family history, disease duration, disease activity by DAS28, CRP, rheumatoid factor, and plasma level of IL-6. Bone erosion was sought on radiography and ultrasound. Result: We included 31 patients, 25 of whom were women (80.6%). The mean age was 47.27 ± 17.97 years. Disease activity was predominantly moderate (32.3%) and severe (32.3%). Mean IL-6 level was 15.29 ± 2.36 pg/ml (extremes: 11.26 pg/ml and 20.15 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a history of smoking. Similarly, IL-6 levels were higher in patients with mildly active RA in remission than in moderately and severely active RA. Mean IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with erosive RA (16.3 pg/ml VS 14.6 pg/ml). Conclusion: IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in men, weaned smokers and patients with bone erosions.

New Insights in the Biodegradability and the Ecotoxicological Effects of Solar Products Containing Mineral and Chemical UV-Filters on Marine Zoo- and Phytoplanktons: An in silico and in vitro Study

Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9th edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .

Studying the stress-suction coupling in soils using an oedometer equipped with a high capacity tensiometer

In the context of research into deep nuclear waste disposal,various works have concerned the hydromechanical behavior of Boom clay,a stiff plastic clay extracted in the SCK-CEN Underground Research Laboratory near the Mol City(Belgium),at a depth of 223 m.Due to some amount of smectite minerals in the clay fraction,Boom clay exhibits swelling properties when hydrated under low stresses.To investigate some aspects of the hydromechanical behavior of Boom clay,oedometer compression tests were carried out on samples of Boom clay close to saturation and submitted to an initial suction.During oedometer compression,the changes in suction with increased vertical stress are monitored by means of a high capacity tensiometer installed at the bottom of the sample.Some aspects related to hydromechanical couplings are examined through the investigation of the changes in suction during oedometer compression,a somewhat delicate and poorly documented experimental approach.A comparison is also made with a completely different soil sample under suction,i.e.a statically compacted unsaturated low plasticity silt.Some technical difficulties typical of this new experimental approach are first described in detail so as to optimize the interpretation of the data obtained.The experiment allows the determination of the point at which suction is changed to positive pressure during compression.Below this point,the ratio between the vertical stress and the change in suction are determined.Above this point,the data show that positive pore pressures are dissipated in a common way.The suction/stress behavior during unloading is also described and discussed.Finally,an interpretation in terms of microstructure effects is provided for both samples.The experimental approach initiated here seems to provide interesting further application to better understand hydromechanical couplings in natural soils in relation with suction increase during stress release.

2023年深度学习技术主要发展动向分析

深度学习已成为人工智能领域的研究热点和主流发展方向之一,为诸多重要应用领域带来了革命性的进步。对2023年深度学习技术热门领域的主要发展动向进行了综合评述。首先介绍了深度学习技术发展现状,其次探讨了深度学习技术的军事应用任务和挑战,最后盘点了深度学习技术的未来重点发展方向。综述表明,大语言模型是深度学习领域在2023年最突出的亮点,世界模型框架下的自监督学习技术、强化学习框架下的人工智能智能体技术等也呈现加速发展态势;环境恶劣与强干扰复杂条件下的高鲁棒性深度学习、面向实时流数据高效处理与内在逻辑关联的深度学习、面向多变作战场景自主决策与快速决策的深度学习、面向跨域数据协同感知与协同推理的深度学习等,是深度学习技术未来重要的发展方向。

Precursor engineering enables high-performance all-inorganic CsPbIBr_(2) perovskite solar cells with a record efficiency approaching 13%

All-inorganic CsPbIBr_(2) perovskite has attracted widespread attention in photovoltaic and other optoelectronic devices because of its superior thermal stability.However,the deposition of high-quality solutionprocessed CsPbIBr_(2) perovskite films with large thicknesses remains challenging.Here,we develop a triple-component precursor(TCP) by employing lead bromide,lead iodide,and cesium bromide,to replace the most commonly used double-component precursor(DCP) consisting of lead bromide and cesium iodide.Remarkably,the TCP system significantly increases the solution concentration to 1.3 M,leading to a larger film thickness(~390 nm) and enhanced light absorption.The resultant CsPbIBr_(2) films were evaluated in planar n-i-p structured solar cells,which exhibit a considerably higher optimal photocurrent density of 11.50 mA cm^(-2) in comparison to that of DCP-based devices(10.69 mA cm^(-2)).By adopting an organic surface passivator,the maximum device efficiency using TCP is further boosted to a record efficiency of 12.8% for CsPbIBr_(2) perovskite solar cells.

Evaluating pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction:Dynamic magnetic resonance urography vs renal scintigraphy 99mtechnetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine

BACKGROUND Ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)is a common congenital urinary tract disorder in children.It can be diagnosed as early as in utero due to the presence of hydronephrosis or later in life due to symptomatic occurrence.AIM To evaluate the discrepancy between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography(dMRU)and scintigraphy 99m-technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine(MAG-3)for the functional evaluation of UPJO.METHODS Between 2016 and 2020,126 patients with UPJO underwent surgery at Robert DebréHospital.Of these,83 received a prenatal diagnosis,and 43 were diagnosed during childhood.Four of the 126 patients underwent surgery based on the clinical situation and postnatal ultrasound findings without undergoing functional imaging evaluation.Split renal function was evaluated preoperatively using scintigraphy MAG-3(n=28),dMRU(n=53),or both(n=40).In this study,we included patients who underwent surgery for UPJO and scintigraphy MAG-3+dMRU but excluded those who underwent only scintigraphy MAG-3 or dMRU.The patients were divided into groups A(<10%discrepancy)and B(>10%discrepancy).We examined the discrepancy in split renal function between the two modalities and investigated the possible risk factors.RESULTS The split renal function between the two kidneys was compared in 40 patients(28 boys and 12 girls)using scintigraphy MAG-3 and dMRU.Differential renal function,as determined using both modalities,showed a difference of<10%in 31 children and>10%in 9 children.Calculation of the relative renal function using dMRU revealed an excellent correlation coefficient with renal scintigraphy MAG-3 for both kidneys.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that dMRU is equivalent to scintigraphy MAG-3 for evaluating split renal function in patients with UPJO.

Surfen and oxalyl surfen decrease tau hyperphosphorylation and mitigate neuron deficits in vivo in a zebrafish model of tauopathy

Background:Tauopathies comprise a family of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease for which there is an urgent and unmet need for disease-modifying treatments.Tauopathies are characterized by pathological tau hyperphosphorylation,which has been shown to correlate tightly with disease progression and memory loss in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.We recently demonstrated an essential requirement for 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in pathological tau hyperphosphorylation in zebrafish,a prominent model organism for human drug discovery.Here,we investigated whether in vivo treatment with surfen or its derivatives oxalyl surfen and hemisurfen,small molecules with heparan sulfate antagonist properties,could mitigate tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal deficits in a zebrafish model of tauopathies.Results:In vivo treatment of Tg[HuC::hTau^(P301L);DsRed]embryos for 2 days with surfen or oxalyl surfen significantly reduced the accumulation of the pThr181 tau phospho-epitope measured by ELISA by 30%and 51%,respectively.Western blot analysis also showed a significant decrease of pThr181 and pSer396/pSer404 in embryos treated with surfen or oxalyl surfen.Immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed that treatment with surfen or oxalyl surfen significantly decreased the AT8 tau epitope in spinal motoneurons.In addition,in vivo treatment of Tg[HuC::hTau^(P301L);DsRed]embryos with surfen or oxalyl surfen significantly rescued spinal motoneuron axon-branching defects and,as a likely consequence,the impaired stereotypical touch-evoked escape response.Importantly,treatment with hemisurfen,a surfen derivative devoid of heparan sulfate antagonist activity,does not affect tau hyperphosphorylation,nor neuronal or behavioural deficits in Tg[HuC::hTau^(P301L);DsRed]embryos.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrate for the first time that surfen,a well-tolerated molecule in clinical settings,and its derivative,oxalyl surfen,could mitigate or delay neuronal defects in tauopathies,including Alzheimer’s disease.

展现影音娱乐最新科技,推动住宅电子集成产业发展 2012中国影音集成科技展(CIT)9月14-16日在北京盛大举行

＂震撼视听,精彩无限!＂随着影音娱乐科技的快速发展,全新的影音消费模式已经成为潮流。继去年在北京成功举办首届CIT中国影音集成科技展,受到来自全国各地的影音爱好者与影音整体解决方案及定制安装行业人士的热烈欢迎,形成强大影响力之后,进入2012年,全新一届的2012中国影音集成科技展（CIT）于9月14-16日在北京国家会议中心隆重举行。

Crack-free high-aspect ratio holes in glasses by top–down percussion drilling with infrared femtosecond laser GHz-bursts

We report novel results on top-down percussion drilling in different glasses with femtosecond laser GHz-bursts.Thanks to this particular regime of light–matter interaction,combining non-linear absorption and thermal cumulative effects,we obtained crack-free holes of aspect ratios exceeding 30 in sodalime and 70 in fused silica.The results are discussed in terms of inner wall morphology,aspect ratio and drilling speed.

The mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition by glabridin:molecular docking,PKA/MITF and MAPK/MITF pathways

Glabridin is the main ingredient of hydrophobic fraction in licorice extract and has been shown to have anti-melanogenesis activity in skins.However,the underlying mechanism(s)remain not completely understood.The aim of this study is thus to elucidate the possible mechanisms related to the melanogenesis suppression by glabridin in cultured B16 murine melanoma cells and in UVA radiation induced hyperpigmentation model of BALB/c mice as well.Molecular docking simulations revealed that between catalytic core residues and the compound.The treatment by glabridin significantly downregulated both transcriptional and/or protein expression of melanogenesis-related factors including melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor(MC1R),microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF),tyrosinase(TYR),TYR-related protein-1(TRP-1)and TRP-2 in B16 cells.Both PKA/MITF and MAPK/MITF signaling pathways were found to be involved in the suppression of melanogenesis by glabridin in B16 cells.Also in vivo glabridin therapy significantly reduced hyperpigmentation,epidermal thickening,roughness and inflammation induced by frequent UVA exposure in mice skins,thus beneficial for skin healthcare.These data further look insights into the molecular mechanisms of melanogenesis suppression by glabridin,rationalizing the application of the natural compound for skin healthcare.

阿替普酶静脉溶栓联合丁苯酞治疗急性重症脑梗死的疗效及对患者神经功能和凝血功能的影响

目的:探究阿替普酶静脉溶栓联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性重症脑梗死的疗效及对患者神经功能和凝血功能的影响。方法:研究对象为急性重症脑梗死患者,共计50例,采用抽签法进行分组,分为参照组25例、研究组25例。给予两组常规治疗,参照组在此基础上行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,研究组在参照组的基础上加用丁苯酞软胶囊治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、神经功能、凝血功能、血液流变学指标及不良反应发生率。结果:(1)研究组治疗后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分为(11.56±5.67)分,显著低于参照组的(19.87±5.23)分(P<0.05)。(2)研究组的临床总有效率为92.00%,显著高于参照组的76.00%(P<0.05)。(3)研究组治疗后的凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)分别为(18.74±0.33)s、(2.07±0.78)g/L,均显著优于参照组的(16.61±0.87)s、(3.68±0.48)g/L(P<0.05)。(4)研究组治疗后的全血高切黏度(HBV)、全血低切黏度(LBV)分别为(2.17±0.85)mpa·s、(2.69±0.45)mpa·s,均显著低于参照组的(4.32±0.76)mpa·s、(5.47±0.89)mpa·s(P<0.05)。(5)治疗期间,研究组的不良反应发生率为12.00%,与参照组的8.00%比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:急性重症脑梗死患者应用丁苯酞软胶囊联合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗能有效改善神经功能、凝血功能及血液流变学指标,提高临床疗效,同时联合用药不会增加不良反应,具有较高的安全性。

2022年深度学习技术主要发展动向分析

深度学习正逐渐成为新一代人工智能最核心的技术之一。对2022年深度学习热门领域的主要发展动向进行了综合评述。首先,介绍小数据小样本深度学习研究领域的最新进展;其次,探讨量子计算与深度学习的融合路径;然后,概述强化学习对通用智能的推动作用;最后,盘点深度学习在多模态学习方向的进展。综述表明,面向小数据、小样本的深度学习技术正在引领深度学习向自监督方向不断迈进,深度学习与其他先进计算范式(例如量子计算等)深入融合趋势愈发明显,强化学习在一定程度上具备解决复杂问题的通用智能,多模态深度学习技术已迎来关键性突破。

Physical activity,COVID-19,and respiratory comorbidities:The good,the bad,and the ugly

Almost 3 years after the outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that has caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide,1the pandemic persists and hampers our daily lives.There are at least 2 main reasons explaining why we still struggle to terminate this pandemic.First,novel variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2unceasingly emerge despite almost 12 billion doses of vaccinebeing administered to date.

ChatGPT对社交机器人技术发展的影响分析

作为生成式人工智能的典型代表,全新的预训练基础模型ChatGPT已成为各界关注的“现象级”讨论热点。对ChatGPT及其对社交机器人技术发展的影响与启发进行综合评述。首先介绍了ChatGPT的概念内涵、主要特征、发展历程;其次探讨了以ChatGPT为代表的预训练基础模型所反映出的当前人工智能技术发展趋势;最后分析了近来生成式人工智能的飞速发展对于社交机器人研究与应用的提升作用。综述表明,社交机器人对于内容自主生成能力的旺盛需求,使其与生成式人工智能的发展进度紧密耦合,未来将在个性化内容生成、生成内容鉴别与管制、“涌现”能力溯源等方面继续发展。