Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];sup...Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the EU-Citizen.Science platform can also support OS.One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both fields.To do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS initiatives.By implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.展开更多
We measured the IR back radiation using a relatively low-cost experimental setup and a test chamber with increasing CO2 concentrations starting with a pure N2 atmosphere against a temperature-controlled black referenc...We measured the IR back radiation using a relatively low-cost experimental setup and a test chamber with increasing CO2 concentrations starting with a pure N2 atmosphere against a temperature-controlled black reference background. The results confirm estimations within this work and previous finding about CO2-induced infrared radiation saturation within realistic atmospheric conditions. We used this setup also to study thermal forcing effects with stronger and rare greenhouse gases against a clear night sky. Our results and their interpretation are another indication for having a more critical approach in climate modelling and against monocausal interpretation of climate indices only caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Basic physics combined with measurements and data taken from the literature allow us to conclude that CO2 induced infrared back-radiation must follow an asymptotic logarithmic-like behavior, which is also widely accepted in the climate-change community. The important question of climate sensitivity by doubling current CO2 concentrations is estimated to be below 1˚C. This value is important when the United Nations consider climate change as an existential threat and many governments intend rigorously to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, led by an ambitious European Union inspired by IPCC assessments is targeting for more than 55% in 2030 and up to 100% in 2050 [1]. But probably they should also listen to experts [2] [3] who found that all these predictions have considerable flaws in basic models, data and impact scenarios.展开更多
基金The EU-Citizen.Science project received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No.824580The research described in this paper is partly supported by the project“Citizen Science to promote creativity,scientific literacy,and innovation throughout Europe”(COST Action),which received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No.15212The opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the COST Action or the European Commission.
文摘Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the EU-Citizen.Science platform can also support OS.One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both fields.To do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS initiatives.By implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.
文摘We measured the IR back radiation using a relatively low-cost experimental setup and a test chamber with increasing CO2 concentrations starting with a pure N2 atmosphere against a temperature-controlled black reference background. The results confirm estimations within this work and previous finding about CO2-induced infrared radiation saturation within realistic atmospheric conditions. We used this setup also to study thermal forcing effects with stronger and rare greenhouse gases against a clear night sky. Our results and their interpretation are another indication for having a more critical approach in climate modelling and against monocausal interpretation of climate indices only caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Basic physics combined with measurements and data taken from the literature allow us to conclude that CO2 induced infrared back-radiation must follow an asymptotic logarithmic-like behavior, which is also widely accepted in the climate-change community. The important question of climate sensitivity by doubling current CO2 concentrations is estimated to be below 1˚C. This value is important when the United Nations consider climate change as an existential threat and many governments intend rigorously to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, led by an ambitious European Union inspired by IPCC assessments is targeting for more than 55% in 2030 and up to 100% in 2050 [1]. But probably they should also listen to experts [2] [3] who found that all these predictions have considerable flaws in basic models, data and impact scenarios.
