Core outcome set for stable angina pectoris in traditional Chinese medicine(COS-SAP-TCM)

Objective:This study aimed to develop a core outcome set(COS)for use in future studies of stable angina pectoris(SAP)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods:Systematic literature reviews and qualitative interviews with cardiologists and patients with SAP treated using TCM were conducted to generate a set of outcomes.Outcomes were prioritized by stakeholders via two rounds of an online Delphi survey and face-to-face consensus meetings.Following the final consensus meeting,a final COS was generated.Results:An initial set of 324 outcomes was identified.A preliminary list of 65 outcomes was employed in the Delphi study.In total,223 participants from seven stakeholder groups were invited to score outcomes in the first Delphi round:87 completed round 1 and 47 completed round 2.Thirty-one participants attended the consensus meeting and agreed on a final core set of outcomes comprising six items across four domains:frequency of angina attack,duration of angina attack,Seattle angina questionnaire,total exercise duration in the exercise treadmill test,cardiovascular events,and QT interval on electrocardiography.Conclusions:The COS developed in this study provides the minimum requirements for measurement and reporting in future TCM clinical trials for the treatment of SAP.The employment of this COS may reduce heterogeneity across trials and facilitate evidencebased decision-making for stakeholders.

Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials on Coronavirus Disease 2019(COS-COVID)

自2019年12月新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19)暴发以来,已有大量相关临床研究完成注册或已启动。然而,不同研究间临床结局指标存在显著的异质性,同时一些不关键的指标会造成研究资源的浪费。本研究旨在构建COVID-19临床试验核心结局指标集(core outcome set, COS),为相关临床研究方案设计、开展和证据转化提供参考。本研究的实施参照《有效性试验核心结局指标(COMET)手册》(1.0版),研究组成员包括呼吸系统和危重医学、中医学、循证医学、临床药理学、统计学专家以及医学杂志编辑等。通过检索临床试验注册网站(chictr.org.cn和clinicaltrials.gov)中COVID-19相关临床研究方案,提取方案中的结局指标,形成指标池。78个COVID-19临床试验方案纳入研究,收集结局指标259个,合并规范后确定132个结局指标,涉及7个指标域。经遴选,形成了包括58个结局指标在内的初始指标清单。经过两轮德尔菲调查和一轮共识会议,最终确立针对COVID-19不同临床分型的核心指标集(COS-COVID)。COS-COVID包括1个轻型指标(病毒核酸检测转阴时间)、4个普通型指标(住院时间、复合事件发生率、临床症状积分和病毒核酸检测转阴时间)、5个重型指标(复合事件发生率、住院时间、PaO2/FiO2、机械通气时间和病毒核酸检测转阴时间)、1个危重型指标(全因死亡率)及1个康复期指标(肺功能)。COS-COVID作为目前临床评价COVID-19干预效果最具临床价值及操作性的指标集合,对证据评估和决策具有重要意义。随着对疾病认知的不断深入和COS-COVID应用的反馈,课题组将对本核心指标集进行进一步完善并更新。

Accumulation in Dasuopu ice core in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and solar activity

The time series of accumulation in recent 300 years correlated well with solar activity in Dasuopu ice core. Results of spectrum analysis on the accumulation time series of the Dasuopu ice core shows that there are some periods that coincide with the periods of solar activity. By comparing the long-time change trend of the accumulation in the Dasuopu ice core with various kinds of indexes of solar activity intensity, a negative correlation is found between the trend and solar activity.

Evidence for cold events in the early Holocene from the Guliya ice core, Tibetan Plateau,China

Evidence for the '8.2 ka cold event' has been provided mostly from the circum-North Atlantic area. However, whether this cold event occurred in other places is a key to understanding its cause. Here, we provide the evidence for the '8.2 ka cold event' from the Guliya ice core in the northwest Tibetan Plateau, and it was found that the peak cooling (-8.3-8.2 ka) in this ice core was about 7.8-10°C, which was larger than the cooling in the North Atlantic region. The primary causes for this episode were diminished solar activity and weakened thermohaline circulation. Moreover, another weak cold event, centered about 9.4 ka, was also recorded in the Guliya ice core record. These two cold events were concurrent with the ice-rafting episodes in the North Atlantic during the early Holocene, which implies that the millennial-scale climatic cyclicity might exist in the Tibetan Plateau as well as in the North Atlantic.

Recent change of the ice core accumulation rates on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Three ice cores recovered from the Himalayas (i.e. the East Rongbuk Glacier and the Far East Rongbuk Glacier at Mt. Qomolangma (Everest), and the Dasuopu Glacier at Xixiabangma) show a sharp decline in the accumulation rates since the 1950s, which is consistent with the precipitation fluctuation over India and the low northern latitude zone (5°-35癗). Correspondingly, an increasing trend is observed for the ice core accumulations from the central and northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (i.e. the Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier in the central Tanggula Mountains, the Guliya Ice Cap in the western Kunlun Mountains, and the Dunde Ice Cap in the Qilian Mountains) since the 1950s, which is consistent with the precipitation fluctuation over the middle-high northern latitude zone (35°-70°N). However, the variation magnitude of the high-elevation ice core accumulations is more significant than that of precipitation at the low-eleva- tion places, suggesting its extra sensitivity of high-elevation areas to climatic change.

Increasing atmospheric pollution revealed by Pb record of a 7000-m ice core

Concentrations of Pb in Dasuopu ice core in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have been directly measured by ICP-MS at pg/g level. The Pb profile shows a very significant increase in modern times due to anthropogenic input, The use of leaded gasoline in the South Asian countries may be a main source of Pb in this region. The input of Pb to the Dasuopu Glacier is mainly supplied by Indian summer monsoon moisture which traverses the pass at the head of the Dasuopu Glacier.

Climatic variations since the Little Ice Age recorded in the Guliya Ice Core

The climatic variations since the Little Ice Age recorded in the Guliya Ice Core are discussed based on glacial δ18O and accumulation records in the Guliya Ice Core. Several obvious climate fluctuation events since 1570 can be observed according to the records. In the past 400 years, the 17th and 19th centuries are relatively cool periods with less precipitation, and the 18th and 20th centuries are relatively warm periods with high precipitation. The study has also revealed the close relationship between temperature and precipitation on the plateau. Warming corresponds to high precipitation and cooling corresponds to less precipitation, which is related with the influence of monsoon on this region.

Organic acids:Differences in ice core records between Glacier 1,Tianshan,China and the polar areas

Formate (HCOO-), acetate (CH3COO-), oxalate (C2O42-) and pyruvate ((CO)C2O42-) are detected in a 14.08-m-long ice core recovered in Glacier 1 at the Urumqi riverhead, Tianshan, China, which is a mid-latitude alpine glacier (43°06′N, 86°49′E). the mean concentrations for the four organic acids in recent four decades are (102.8±147.3), (392.3±390.8), (6.9(+14.8) and (4.2±8.3) ng/g, respectively, with the ratio for HCOO-/CH3COO- of 0.34± 0.43. They represent the major acid components, and originate mainly from anthropogenic emission in the nearby industrial cities. Compared with Greenland and Antarctica, Glacier 1 is much higher in carboxylic acids, which were not subjected to long distance transportation as well as complicated atmospheric reactions. The alpine glacier can be, therefore, useful to reconstructing human pollution scenario to the regional atmosphere.

One-Step Synthesis of Magnetically Recyclable Au/Co/Fe Triple- Layered Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

Magnetically recyclable Au/Co/Fe core-shell nanoparticles （NPs） have been successfully synthesized via a one-step in situ procedure. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic （EDS）, and electron energy-loss spectroscopic （EELS） measurements revealed that the trimetallic Au/Co/Fe NPs have a triple-layered core-shell structure composed of a Au core, a Co-rich inter-layer, and a Fe-rich shell. The Au/Co/Fe core-shell NPs exhibit much higher catalytic activities for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane （NHBBH3, AB） than the monometallic （Au, Co, Fe） or bimetallic （AuCo, AuFe, CoFe） counterparts.

Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Exercise stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly understood.Recently,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.Here,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.We found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control mice.This cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells.RGS6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing neurons.Thus,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

中国省域能源消费碳排放强度的时空演变及影响因素研究

文章利用2005—2021年我国30个省份能源消费和碳排放数据,探讨了我国省域尺度碳排放强度的时空演变特征,运用LMDI方法将碳排放分解成多因素影响的累计贡献值,重点研究第一产业、第二产业、第三产业对能源消费碳排放的影响,对能源消费碳排放主要影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)从时间特征看,全国2005—2021年碳排放强度总体上呈波动上升趋势,增速逐渐放缓;(2)从空间格局特征分析看,全国碳排放较强的地区主要集中于西部地区;(3)经济发展、城镇化、能源强度结构效应、人口规模是促进碳排放的主要因素;(4)能源消费强度效应、产业结构是抑制碳排放的主要因素。因此,提高能源利用效率,优化能源结构和产业结构,走低碳城市化道路以及实行节能减排省区联动策略是推动我国实现节能减排目标的重要途径。

THE COMPONENT OF 29.8 YEARS IN POLAR MOTION AND △ l. o.d. AND OSCILLATION OF EARTH'S INNER CORE

This paper deals with the components of pcriod of 29.8 yr in polar motion and △ I. o. d. The oscillation of inner core (OIC), as a most possible cause of them, is proposed. Parameters of oscillation are found and its effects on Earth’s mass center (EMC), distance of observatories to EMC, gravity and latitude are estimated.

A 780-year record of explosive volcanism from DT263 ice core in east Antarctica

从极的冰表恢复的冰核心从爆炸暴烈的爆发收到了并且保存硫磺的酸放射性尘埃， DT263 冰核心从东方 Antarcticlocation 被检索。冰核心用年度层作为 780 年(1215-1996 A.D ) 数和暴烈的 timestratigraphic 地平线的联合被标明日期。冰核心记录在约 1460 的时期期间表明那 - 1800 A.D，累积是比层次在以前并且在这个时期以后严厉地低的。这个时期与最近的 neoglacial 与气候的事件一致，“很少冰川期(LIA ) ”，那在众多的北半球代理和历史性的记录被发现了。non-sea-salt SO_2 集中在 DT263ice 核心显示十七个暴烈的事件。与那些相比从以前的南极冰核心，重要差异在几个著名事件的相对暴烈的流动在这些记录之间被发现。在这些记录之中的差异可以被差别在在冰核心上加亮本地冰河学的潜在的影响的表面地形学，累积率，雪飘移和分发解释暴烈的记录，分析技术为硫酸盐测量使用了，等等。在中间、高的南部的纬度的暴烈的爆发在低纬度比那些更强烈地在南极雪中影响暴烈的记录。

RELATION BETWEEN THE CHANGES OF CLAY MINERALOGY IN THE CORES OF MARINE DEPOSITS AND THE PALEOCLIMATIC VICISSITUDES

With respect to the relation between the changes of clay mineralogy in the cores of marine deposits and the paleoclimatic vicissitudes, two completely different viewpoints prevail in the international circles today. One holds that paleoclimatic vicissitudes might be indicated by the changes of clay mineralogy in the cores. The other holds that it has nothing to do with the changes of clay mineralogy.

CLIMATE ANOMALY RECORDED IN GULIYA ICE CORE AND ENSO EVENTS

Examination of ENSO events and the accumulated precipitation and δ^(18)O values recorded in the Guliya ice core,China,shows that the relationship between the occurrence of ENSO events and the precipitation anomaly in Guliya is significant.In the years of El Nino events,the anomalies of precipitation and δ^(18)O values in the Guliya ice core were negative anomalies,that is,the ENSO events are related to the deficit of precipitation as well as low temperature in the western China.

Core77设计奖中的设计与民生

从2020年Core77设计奖(Core77 Design Awards)的获奖作品中,我们看到了设计应有的态度:将设计与民生结合。"Core77"是美国著名的设计网站。2020年是Core77设计奖的第9个年头,奖项设置了18个不同的设计类别,为学生和专业人士提供推广设计作品的机会。大部分作品都因为兼具设计感和民生价值而受到关注。与人类息息相关的民生往往就是设计师的灵感来源,这些闪现的灵感经由设计师独特的设计视角,释放出力量.

Performance of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score,Comparison with Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography Data,and Development of a Simple Algorithm to Predict Significant Liver Fibrosis in a Community-based Liver Service:A Retrospective Evaluation

Background and Aims:Liver fibrosis is a key risk factor for cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver failure.The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for assessment for advanced(≥F3)liver fibrosis in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recommend the use of enhanced liver fibrosis(ELF)test,followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE).Performance of ELF at predicting significant(≥F2)fibrosis in real-world practice is uncertain.To assess the accuracy of ELF using VCTE;investigate the optimum ELF cutoff value to identify≥F2and≥F3;and develop a simple algorithm,with and without ELF score,for detecting≥F2.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of patients referred to a Community Liver Service for VCTE,Jan-Dec 2020.Assessment included:body mass index(BMI),diabetes status,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,ELF score and biopsy-validated fibrosis stages according to VCTE.Results:Data from 273 patients were available.n=110 patients had diabetes.ELF showed fair performance for≥F2 and≥F3,area under the curve(AUC)=0.70,95%confidence interval(CI)0.64-0.76 and AUC=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.79 respectively.For≥F2 Youden's index for ELF=9.85 and for≥F3,ELF=9.95.Combining ALT,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)to predict≥F2 showed good performance(AUC=0.80,95%CI:0.69-0.92),adding ALBA to ELF improved performance(AUC=0.82,95%CI:0.77-0.88).Results were independently validated.Conclusions:Optimal ELF cutoff for≥F2 is 9.85 and 9.95 for≥F3.ALT,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)can stratify patients at risk of≥F2.ELFperformance is improved by adding ALBA.

OXYGEN ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY OF WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC CORE L2011

The oxygen isotope composition of foraminifera in deep-sea sediments has provided so far the most accurate record for the Pleistocene Epoch. It revises the traditional concepts about the glacial-interglacial (cold-warm) stages in the Quaternary climate and has become the basic stratigraphic tool as compared with other methods. Since the evolution of the Quaternary climate has great influence on the life of human beings and the geological environment, oxygen isotope stratigraphy has been established and used extensively in investigations of the history of events in the deep-sea core.

内蒙古锡林浩特小乌兰沟地区晚石炭世二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

笔者以锡林浩特小乌兰沟地区发育的晚石炭世二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究,讨论其构造环境,为进一步研究古亚洲洋闭合时限提供新的依据。LA-ICP-MS锆石同位素U-Pb测年结果显示,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为(319.5±1.2)Ma,相当于晚石炭世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该岩石具有高Si、富K、贫Mg、贫Ca、低P和Ti的特征,属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列岩石;岩石富含大离子亲石元素Rb和高场强元素Th、Ta、Hf,亏损Sr、Ba、Nb;稀土元素以略富集轻稀土、Eu亏损为特征。地球化学特征反映其为I型花岗岩,来源于下地壳的部分熔融。构造环境判别图解显示该岩体形成于活动大陆边缘环境,表明研究区在晚石炭世期间仍存在洋壳的俯冲作用,暗示古亚洲洋此时尚未闭合。