Analysis of Peanut Seed Oil by NIR

Near infrared reflectance spectra (NIRS) was collected from Arachis hypogaea seed samples and used in predictive models to rapidly identify varieties with high oleic acid. The method was developed for shelled peanut seeds with intact testa. Spectra was evaluated initially by principal component analysis (PCA) followed by partial least squares (PLS). PCA performed with full spectra and reduced spectra with one principal component accounted for 97% to 99% variability, respectively. The PLS model generated from first derivative spectra provided a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 7.7204808. This technique provides a non-destructive method to rapidly identify high oleic peanut seeds to support the selection and cultivation of high oleic acid peanut varieties. The method can also be useful at peanut processing facilities for screening and quality assessments.

Quantifying Design Parameters of Symbology Page for Automotive Head up Display

This paper gives an overview of studies on parameters displayed on the Automotive Head Up Display （A-HUD） including calculation and construction of symbology page based on study results. A study has been made on vital parameters required for car drivers and design calculations have been made based on design parameters like field of view, distance from the design eye position, minimum character size viewable from a distance of 1.5m between driver and the projected image, and optical magnification factor. lhe display format suitable for A-HUD applications depends upon the parameters required to be displayed. The aspect ratio chosen is 4：3. This paper also provides method to design the symbology page embedding six vital parameters with their relative positioning and size considering relative position between display device and optical elements which has been considered with a magnification factor of 2.5. The field of view obtained is 6.7° × 4.8°.

Surface defects incorporated diamond machining of silicon

This paper reports the performance enhancement benefits in diamond turning of the silicon wafer by incorporation of the surface defect machining(SDM)method.The hybrid micromachining methods usually require additional hardware to leverage the added advantage of hybrid technologies such as laser heating,cryogenic cooling,electric pulse or ultrasonic elliptical vibration.The SDM method tested in this paper does not require any such additional baggage and is easy to implement in a sequential micro-machining mode.This paper made use of Raman spectroscopy data,average surface roughness data and imaging data of the cutting chips of silicon for drawing a comparison between conventional single-point diamond turning(SPDT)and SDM while incorporating surface defects in the(i)circumferential and(ii)radial directions.Complementary 3D finite element analysis(FEA)was performed to analyse the cutting forces and the evolution of residual stress on the machined wafer.It was found that the surface defects generated in the circumferential direction with an interspacing of 1 mm revealed the lowest average surface roughness(Ra)of 3.2 nm as opposed to 8 nm Ra obtained through conventional SPDT using the same cutting parameters.The observation of the Raman spectroscopy performed on the cutting chips showed remnants of phase transformation during the micromachining process in all cases.FEA was used to extract quantifiable information about the residual stress as well as the sub-surface integrity and it was discovered that the grooves made in the circumferential direction gave the best machining performance.The information being reported here is expected to provide an avalanche of opportunities in the SPDT area for low-cost machining solution for a range of other nominal hard,brittle materials such as SiC,ZnSe and GaAs as well as hard steels.

Nanomaterials for sensing of formaldehyde in air: Principles, applications, and performance evaluation

Despite the improvement in sensing technologies, detection of small and highly reactive molecules like formaldehyde remains a highly challenging area of research. Applications of nanomaterials/nanostructures and their composites have increased as effective sensing platforms (e.g., reaction time, sensitivity, and selectivity) for the detection of aqueous or gaseous formaldehyde based on diverse sensing principles. In this review, the basic aspects of important nanomaterial-based sensing systems (e.g., electrochemical, electrical, biological, and mass variation sensors) were evaluated in relation to performance, cost, and practicality of sensing gas phase formaldehyde. Accordingly, existing knowledge gaps in such applications were assessed in various respects along with suitable recommendations for building a new roadmap for the expansion of chemical sensing technology of gas phase formaldehyde.

Hybrid Offset Slider Crank Mechanism for Anthropomorphic Flexion in Prosthetic Hands

The underactuated fingers used in prosthetic hands account for a large part of design consideration in anthropomorphic prosthetic hand design.There are considerable numbers of designs available for underactuated prosthetic fingers in literature but,emulating the anthropomorphic flexion movement is still a challenge due to the complex nature of the motion.To address this challenge,a hybrid mechanism using both linkage-based mechanism and tendon-driven actuation has been proposed in this paper.The presented mechanism includes a novel offset slider-crank-based finger that has been designed using a combination of different lengths of cranks and connecting rods.The prototypes of both the new mechanism and the conventional tendon-driven mechanism are constructed and compared experimentally based on interphalangeal joint angle trajectory during flexion.The angles achieved through the new hybrid mechanism are compared with the conventional tendon-driven mechanism and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)values have been calculated by comparing to the anthropomorphic flexion angles of the published literature.The RMSE values calculated for three interphalangeal joints of the hybrid mechanism are found to be less than their counter-parts of the conventional tendon-driven mechanism.In addition to achieving resemblance to anthropomorphic flexion angles,the mechanism is designed within the anthropometric human finger dimensions.