Driving Cycle for Motorcycle Using Micro-Simulation Model

Driving cycle of vehicle has been used in emission estimation and fuel consumption study. Existing method of data collection using car chasing technique is expensive. The technique using micro simulation approach is cheaper and fast to derive the driving cycle. In this paper a traffic simulation model Driving Cycle Micro-Simulation Model for Motorcycle has been developed. The issue of lateral and longitudinal movement aspect in motorcycle driving has been examined in the model. Parameters to cover such movement have been built in the model and applied on a stretch in Edinburgh city of Scotland. Results from model have been both calibrated and validated. The results show that Driving Cycle Micro-Simulation Model for Motorcycle gives better representation of driving cycle and it can be used to understand the effect of driving modes on emission for better understanding of vehicular emission control.

Variability in the Levels of BTEX at a Pollution Hotspot in New Delhi, India

It is a matter of concern that despite taking measures to control aromatic content in gasoline in India, the levels of volatile organic compounds are rising again in many of the Indian cities. The transport sector has been one of the major sectors which are re-sponsible for worsening the air quality of Delhi city. While thousands of toxic com-pounds are emitted from automobiles, industries, gasoline stations as well as service stations, however, volatile organic compounds are important due to their significant contribution to ozone formation, cancer, and non-cancer health risks. In this study, roadside levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) were investi-gated at the one of the major arterial road of Delhi city. Air samples were collected by activated coconut shell charcoal adsorbent tubes. The BTEX concentrations were de-termined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. The mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes were, respectively, 60.22, 162.68, 49.42 and 25.25 μg/m3. The relative concentration distribution pattern and mutual correlation analysis indicated that in BTEX had sources other than vehicle emission at the study site. The samples collected, showed that BTEX had significantly higher concentrations in winter than those in spring and summer.

Study on demand and characteristics of parking system in urban areas:A review

The increasing rate of private car usage in the urban areas as a result of fast-growing economy,derelict policies and subsidies are the main causes making car parking one of the main concerns for transport and traffic management all over the world.The coordination between parking policies and traffic management revealed how parking is becoming a barrier to the through-traffic operation.Also,it is responsible for the inefficient use of available resources,even the decisions are made on an ad-hoc basis while making policy.Hence,it is necessary to understand the parking choice behaviour and actual demand of parking space.In the last three decades,ample studies have been done to evaluate parking characteristics,to estimate the demand for parking and on driver’s behaviour while choosing the parking space.This paper integrates all these aspects and presents the state-of-the-art review of models and studies on the parking system.Problems related to and due to the parking,various parking characteristics and their applications,parking choice behaviour of drivers,development of demand models considering various factors and review of parking policies as an integral part of the urban transport system are discussed in detail.Whilst underdeveloped,authors found the literatures suggest that greater attention should be given to metrics like ease of access,walk time,parking charges,parking guidance and information system,management,etc.,at all stages of planning and policy formulation.Taken together,mentioned studies demonstrate useful information concerning the entire parking system.It also provides useful information to the planners and policy makers for planning,designing and evaluating parking system.

Analyzing driver's response to yellow indication subjected to dilemma incursion under mixed traffic condition

Under mixed traffic conditions prevailing on Indian roads,drivers show complex response when faced with yellow signal because lane assignment gets dynamic in nature.The present study analyzes the effect of surrounding vehicles on response of the drivers while facing dilemma at intersections.Although dilemma zone definitions hold true in case of homogeneous traffic mix,a statistical analysis is performed to check the consistency across the definitions under mixed traffic condition.Present study shows a significant difference in percentage of red light running in comparison to homogeneous traffic as reported by various studies.For carrying out the research,study locations are chosen in such a way to reflect diversity in road geometry,traffic composition and signal characteristics.The results deduced in this study indicate a strong correlation between the driver's decision making choice and the effect of presence of surrounding vehicle at the onset of yellow signal.The effect of critical time analysis has been found out to be one of the parameters other than critical distance in categorizing driver's aggressiveness while facing the yellow signal.In the process of identifying the statistical significance of dilemma zone definitions,it has been found that under heterogeneous traffic condition,drivers behave differently as compared to homogenous traffic when it comes to dilemma zone.It is observed that the percentage of vehicles crossing the intersection when faced with dilemma by violating the red light is 11.6%according to dilemma zone definition I whereas the definition II has yielded about 10.8%violation covering different vehicle types.The above violation figures derived based on the above definition is somewhat higher as compared to homogeneous traffic condition which is observed to be of the order of 5%-6%.