High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteri...High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteristic channel incisions beneath 4-15 m thick sediment layer and corresponds to multi cycle incisions.Stratigraphic analysis of these incision signatures reveals three prominent subaerial unconformities S6,S7 and S9.These unconformities were exposed during the last glacial,penultimate glacial(MIS-6)and prior to penultimate glacial(MIS-8)periods.On the basis of interpreted age of subaerial unconformities and differences in their morphological features,observed channel incisions have been divided grossly into three phases of incision.Phase-1 incisions are older than^330 kyr BP,whereas,incisions of Phase-2 and Phase-3 correspond to^320-125 kyr BP and^115-10 kyr BP respectively.Plan form of these incisions varied from a straight channel type to ingrown meander and then to anastomosing channel types.These channels meet at the confluence of present-day Mandovi and Zuari rivers.The confluence point has varied in due course of time because of cyclic incision and burial with repeated sea level fluctuations.The preserved main channel width varies from^100 m to 1000 m.and maximum channel depth reaches up to^35 m.Comparison of quantitative and qualitative morphologic results of different phases of incisions suggest that Phase-2 channels had^33%more mean bank full discharge than that of the Phase-3 channels.Phase-2 incisions had been carved in higher hydraulic energy condition as compared to Phase-3 incisions implying that the Indian summer monsoon was better during formative stages of Phase-2 incisions.展开更多
Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera ...Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).展开更多
Compared to the higher fungi(Dikarya),taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number.Thus,the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known.Rece...Compared to the higher fungi(Dikarya),taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number.Thus,the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known.Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information.It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines.Recently,Tedersoo et al.(MycoKeys 13:1–20,2016)accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade.Thus,we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi.We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz.Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomy-cota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota.Thus,611 genera in 153 families,43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification,synonyms,life modes,distribution,recent literature and genomic data.Moreover,Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved,Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr.is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced.展开更多
基金financial support as JRF&SRF(Fellowship letter No.23/12/2012(ii)EU-V)
文摘High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteristic channel incisions beneath 4-15 m thick sediment layer and corresponds to multi cycle incisions.Stratigraphic analysis of these incision signatures reveals three prominent subaerial unconformities S6,S7 and S9.These unconformities were exposed during the last glacial,penultimate glacial(MIS-6)and prior to penultimate glacial(MIS-8)periods.On the basis of interpreted age of subaerial unconformities and differences in their morphological features,observed channel incisions have been divided grossly into three phases of incision.Phase-1 incisions are older than^330 kyr BP,whereas,incisions of Phase-2 and Phase-3 correspond to^320-125 kyr BP and^115-10 kyr BP respectively.Plan form of these incisions varied from a straight channel type to ingrown meander and then to anastomosing channel types.These channels meet at the confluence of present-day Mandovi and Zuari rivers.The confluence point has varied in due course of time because of cyclic incision and burial with repeated sea level fluctuations.The preserved main channel width varies from^100 m to 1000 m.and maximum channel depth reaches up to^35 m.Comparison of quantitative and qualitative morphologic results of different phases of incisions suggest that Phase-2 channels had^33%more mean bank full discharge than that of the Phase-3 channels.Phase-2 incisions had been carved in higher hydraulic energy condition as compared to Phase-3 incisions implying that the Indian summer monsoon was better during formative stages of Phase-2 incisions.
基金Acknowledgements Nalin Wijayawardene would like to thank Lechat Christian,Yuanpin Xiao,Danushka Sandaruwan,Paul Mungai,Huang Zhang,Ishani Goonasekara,Chada Norphanphoun,Ishara Manawasingha,Rajesh Jeewon,Thilini Chethana and Hasini Ekanayaka for their assistances and suggestions.We would like to thank Mark Stadler for his help to check names in Xylariales.Nalin Wijayawardene and Pedro Crous thank Ulrike Damm for her comments and suggestions for validating several names.K.D.Hyde thanks The Chinese Academy of Sciences,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.K.D.Hyde and Monika C.Dayarathne would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice(Grant number:60201000201)Mae Fah Luang University grant"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae"(Grant number:592010200112)+9 种基金Hugo Madrid was funded by Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica(CONICYT)Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico(FONDECYT),Chile,project no.11140562."Rafael F.Castan˜eda-Ruiz is grateful to the Organizacio´n Superior de Direccio´n Empresarial,Grupo Agrı´cola,(OSDE)from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and"Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal",project P131LH003033.Dong Qin Dai would like to thank the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and plants on Yun-Gui Plateau for the support.Ka-Lai Pang thanks Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan for financial support(105-2621-B-019-002-)Guo Zhu Zhao was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570019)Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS26291084 and 16K07474)Walter P.Pfliegler was supported through the U´NKP-16-4-IV New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project(number 179122)for supporting his postdoctoral research study.The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.KC Rajeshkumar thanks SERB,DST,Government of India for providing financial support under the project YSS/2015/001590Dr.K.M.Paknikar,Director,ARI for providing the facility.Mats Wedin thanks the Swedish Research Council,grants VR 621-2012-3990VR 2016-03589.Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)L.Selbmann,L.Zucconi and S.Onofri thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches(PNRA)for the financial support.The Italian National Antarctic Museum(MNA)is acknowledged for supporting the Mycological Section and the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments(CCFEE).
文摘Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).
基金supported by the National Science Centre,Poland,under Grants No.2015/17/D/NZ8/00778,2017/25/B/NZ8/00473 to Julia Pawłowska and 2016/23/B/NZ8/00897 to Marta Wrzosek.Yuri S.Tokarev thanks Russian Science Foundation,Grant Number 16-1400005(taxonomy of Microsporidea)and Prof.I.V.Issi(All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection)for consultation.
文摘Compared to the higher fungi(Dikarya),taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number.Thus,the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known.Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information.It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines.Recently,Tedersoo et al.(MycoKeys 13:1–20,2016)accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade.Thus,we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi.We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz.Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomy-cota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota.Thus,611 genera in 153 families,43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification,synonyms,life modes,distribution,recent literature and genomic data.Moreover,Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved,Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr.is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced.