Correction to:Bottomonium suppression in heavy‑ion collisions and the in‑medium strong force

Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken by the production.The correct order of the references is.

Bottomonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions and the in-medium strong force

A large suppression of various bottomonium states in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions has been reported by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider.This observation is consistent with the formation of a quark-gluon plasma,but similar findings in more energetic collisions at the Large Hadron Collider suggest that a consistent picture requires additional mechanisms.Bound states of a heavy quark (charm or bottom) and its antiquark,commonly referred to as quarkonia,have long been recognized as excellent probes of quark-gluon plasma(QGP) formation in high-energy collisions of atomic nuclei.In the vacuum,most quarkonium states are dominantly bound by a linearly rising potential (the so-called Cornell potential,see Fig.1),as a direct manifestation of the confinement property of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).

Mean-field effects on matter and antimatter elliptic flow

We report our recent work on mean-field potential effects on the elliptic flows of matters and antimatters in heavy ion collisions leading to the production of a baryon-rich matter.Within the framework of a multiphase transport(AMPT) model that includes both initial partonic and final hadronic interactions,we have found that including mean-field potentials in the hadronic phase leads to a splitting of the elliptic flows of particles and their antiparticles,providing thus a plausible explanation of the different elliptic flows between p and anti-p,K+and K-,and π+ and π- observed by the STAR Collaboration in the Beam Energy Scan(BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC).Using a partonic transport model based on the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model,we have also studied the effect of scalar and vector mean fields on the elliptic flows of quarks and antiquarks in these collisions.Converting quarks and antiquarks at hadronization to hadrons via the quark coalescence model,we have found that the elliptic flow differences between particles and antiparticles also depend on the strength of the quark vector coupling in baryon-rich quark-gluon plasma,providing thus the possibility of extracting information on the latter's properties from the BES program at RHIC.

重离子碰撞中的轻核产生和QCD相变

寻找量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)相变信号是当前重离子碰撞实验的一个基础科学目标,对理解强相互作用物质的性质、大爆炸初期的宇宙演化、超新星的爆发机制、致密星的内部结构以及双中子星并合产生的引力波等重要前沿问题都具有重要意义。当重离子碰撞中发生非连续QCD相变时,引发的强相互作用物质的密度涨落与关联可以通过轻原子核的产额观察量来探测。核子间的多体关联决定了重离子碰撞中轻核的产额。特别地,基于核子并合模型对于轻核产额的计算表明质子(p)、氘核(d)和氚核(t)的产额比值N_(t)N_(p)/Nd_(2)敏感于核子密度涨落与关联,是一个较好的寻找QCD相变信号的可观测量。进一步,基于输运模型对于重离子碰撞中的手征相变的模拟发现,当系统的相轨迹经过一阶相变区域时,轻核产额比值N_(t)N_(p)/Nd_(2)有明显增加。这些结果为利用重离子碰撞中的轻核产生寻找QCD相变提供了理论依据。

Searching for QCD critical point with light nuclei

Density fluctuations and correlations due to a first-order quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter phase transition and its critical end point,if they remain present after the hadronic evolution in a heavy ion collisions,can lead to an enhanced production of light nuclei in these collisions.This would then result in a non-monotonic collision energy dependence of the yield ratio NtNp∕Nd2of proton number Np,deuteron number Nd,and triton number Nt.Measurements of this yield ratio as a function of collision energy thus provides the possibility to probe the equation of state of strong-interaction matter and its phase diagram.

Density fluctuations in baryon-rich quark matter

At finite baryon chemical potential,the density of a quark matter develops large fluctuations when it undergoes a first-order phase transition.Based on the transport equation derived from the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model,we have studied the density fluctuations in a baryon-rich quark matter that is confined in a finite volume.Allowing the expansion of the quark matter using initial conditions from either a blast wave model or a multiphase transport(AMPT) model,we have further studied the survivability of the density fluctuations as the density and temperature of the quark matter decrease.Possible experimental signatures of the density fluctuations are suggested.

Physics perspectives of heavy-ion collisions at very high energy

Heavy-ion collisions at very high colliding energies are expected to produce a quark-gluon plasma(QGP) at the highest temperature obtainable in a laboratory setting. Experimental studies of these reactions can provide an unprecedented range of information on properties of the QGP at high temperatures. We report theoretical investigations of the physics perspectives of heavy-ion collisions at a future high-energy collider. These include initial parton production, collective expansion of the dense medium, jet quenching,heavy-quark transport, dissociation and regeneration of quarkonia, photon and dilepton production. We illustrate the potential of future experimental studies of the initial particle production and formation of QGP at the highest temperature to provide constraints on properties of strongly interaction matter.

Yield ratio of hypertriton to light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions from √sNN=4.9 GeV to 2.76 TeV

We argue that the difference in the yield ratio S3=NΛ3H/NΛ/N3He/Np measured in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV and in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV is mainly owing to the different treatment of the weak decay contribution to the proton yield in the Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV.We then use the coalescence model to extract from measured S3 the information about the Λ and nucleon density fluctuations at the kinetic freeze-out of heavy-ion collisions.We also show,using available experimental data,that the yield ratio S2=NΛ3H/NΛNd is a more promising observable than S3 for probing the local baryon-strangeness correlation in the produced medium.

RHIC束流能量扫描实验中正反粒子椭圆流的平均场势效应(英文)

最近,STAR合作体在相对论重离子对撞机的束流能量扫描实验中观测到了正反粒子的椭圆流劈裂。基于输运模型,发现丰重子介质中正反粒子平均场势的不同可以解释其椭圆流的劈裂。利用Nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型描述相对论重离子碰撞的部分子相,发现实验中正反粒子的相对椭圆流劈裂可以用来约束该模型中夸克矢量相互作用的耦合系数。这一发现对确定QCD相图的临界点位置和理解整个QCD的相结构有重要意义。

相对论重离子碰撞中正反粒子椭圆流的劈裂

相对论重离子碰撞是研究极端高温高密条件下新物质形态及量子色动力学相图的重要实验手段,而椭圆流是相对论重离子碰撞的重要实验观测量.近年来在美国布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机上进行束流能量扫描实验,研究人员发现了一些异于极端相对论重离子碰撞的行为,比如正反粒子椭圆流的劈裂.基于拓展的多相输运模型,可以通过正反粒子的不同平均场势来解释该实验现象,并可据此提取高重子及同位旋化学势下夸克物质的状态方程及相图信息.