Objective:Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH)agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited.This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of...Objective:Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH)agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited.This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of the LHRH agonist,goserelin,particularly the long-acting 10.8-mg depot formulation,and the follow-up patterns among Chinese prostate cancer patients.Methods:This was a multicenter,prospective,observational study in hormone treatment-na?ve patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who were prescribed goserelin 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks or 3.6-mg depot every 4 weeks with or without an anti-androgen.The patients had follow-up evaluations for 26 weeks.The primary outcome was the effectiveness of goserelin in reducing serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.The secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA levels,attainment of chemical castration(serum testosterone<50 ng/d L),and goserelin safety.The exploratory outcome was the monitoring pattern for serum testosterone and PSA.All analyses were descriptive.Results:Between September 2017 and December 2019,a total of 294 eligible patients received≥1 dose of goserelin;287 patients(97.6%)were treated with goserelin 10.8-mg depot.At week 24±2,the changes from baseline[standard deviation(95%confidence interval)]in serum testosterone(n=99)and PSA(n=131)were-401.0 ng/d L[308.4 ng/d L(-462.5,-339.5 ng/d L)]and-35.4 ng/m L[104.4 ng/m L(-53.5,-17.4 ng/m L)],respectively.Of 112 evaluable patients,100(90.2%)achieved a serum testosterone level<50 ng/d L.Treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)and severe TEAEs occurred in 37.1%and 10.2%of patients,respectively.The mean testing frequency(standard deviation)was 1.6(1.5)for testosterone and 2.2(1.6)for PSA.Conclusions:Goserelin 10.8-mg depot effectively achieved and maintained castration and was well-tolerated in Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.展开更多
Background Since the middle of the 19th century,German pathologist Rudolf Virchow proposed that tumors originate from chronic inflammation[1].At present,the medical community has determined that inflammation is closel...Background Since the middle of the 19th century,German pathologist Rudolf Virchow proposed that tumors originate from chronic inflammation[1].At present,the medical community has determined that inflammation is closely related to the occurrence,development and efficacy of anti-cancer treatment[2].Recently,an“anti-inflammatory diet”that claims to have functions such as cancer prevention has attracted much attention.To unveil the magic of the“anti-inflammatory diet”,let’s start with the concept of inflammation,which is the core of the“anti-inflammatory diet”.展开更多
Introduction Liver cancer remains a global health challenge,and its incidence is increasing worldwide.It is estimated that by 2025,more than one million individuals will be affected by liver cancer annually[1,2].In re...Introduction Liver cancer remains a global health challenge,and its incidence is increasing worldwide.It is estimated that by 2025,more than one million individuals will be affected by liver cancer annually[1,2].In recent years,ablation has become a widely accepted treatment option for patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies[3].The commonly used ablation method for liver cancer is thermal ablation,including radiofrequency ablation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mounting studies have highlighted the pivotal influence of anti-silencing function 1B(ASF1B)on the malignancy of cancers.AIM To explore the influence and mechanism of ASF1B in colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS...BACKGROUND Mounting studies have highlighted the pivotal influence of anti-silencing function 1B(ASF1B)on the malignancy of cancers.AIM To explore the influence and mechanism of ASF1B in colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expression of ASF1B.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect protein expression of ASF1B and Ki67 in tumor tissues.Western blot analysis was used to determine levels of ASF1B and proliferation/epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)/stemness-related proteins.In addition,the proliferation of CRC cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-Ethynyl-2’-Deoxyuridine assays.The migration and invasion of CRC cells were evaluated using transwell assays.Stemness of CRC cells was tested using the sphere formation assay.To construct a xenograft tumor model,HCT116 cells were introduced into mouse flanks via subcutaneous injection.RESULTS ASF1B expression was markedly increased in CRC tissues and cells,and it was inversely correlated with overall survival of CRC patients and was positively associated with the tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage of CRC patients.Silencing of ASF1B suppressed proliferation,migration,invasion,stemness and EMT of CRC cells as well as tumorigenesis of xenograft mice.Furthermore,protein levels of Pphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(p-PI3K)and p-AKT were decreased after silencing of ASF1B in CRC cells.The inhibitory effects of ASF1B knockdown on cell proliferation,stemness and EMT were partly abolished by PI3K activator in CRC cells.CONCLUSION Silencing of ASF1B inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway to suppress CRC malignancy in vitro.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in China.According to the latest statistics in 2020,the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer all rank the third among all cancers,which have brought a huge bu...Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in China.According to the latest statistics in 2020,the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer all rank the third among all cancers,which have brought a huge burden to people’s health and social economy.Besides the high morbidity and mortality,the low early diagnosis rate is another dilemma of gastric cancer in China.Early gastric cancer accounts for only 20%of new gastric cancer cases in China.Most cases are already in the advanced stage when discovered,and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than50%(1,2).Over the past decades,China has made great progress in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer,but it is still a relatively prominent health problem.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lung cancer with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)refers to the occurrence of lesions simultaneously or sequentially in the lung(s)of the same patient,and the pathological examination and sputum TB examination dia...BACKGROUND Lung cancer with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)refers to the occurrence of lesions simultaneously or sequentially in the lung(s)of the same patient,and the pathological examination and sputum TB examination diagnose them as lung cancer and TB,respectively.The occurrence of endobronchial TB(EBTB)with endobronchial tumor sequentially in the same bronchus lesion of the same patient is relatively rare.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old female patient was admitted to a local hospital on June 18,2019 after a 3-mo history of dyspnea.She was a farmer and had no history of smoking and alcohol misuse.The patient had neither family nor work contact indicating exposure to TB.Emergency chest computed tomography(CT)examination showed that the right main bronchus was occupied and malignant tumor was possible.Histopathologic examination of a bronchial biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with caseification and the presence of acid fast bacilli(AFB).However,after 6 mo of antitubercular treatment,repeat bronchoscopy and biopsy histological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma.The patient has started on systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin.After another two cycles of therapy,chest CT showed complete resolution of the lesions.Bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial aspirate were negative for AFB and cancer cells.CONCLUSION It is not only more likely that a patient presenting with what appears to be TB will concurrently have a pulmonary malignancy than someone who does not have a TB infection,but also that it is of greater urgency to make an expedited diagnosis of the malignancy.展开更多
Objective:To explore the feasibility of using grey model GM(1,1)model to predict syphilis,and to provide a theoretical basis for the health sector to develop corresponding strategies.Methods:GM(1,1)model was used to c...Objective:To explore the feasibility of using grey model GM(1,1)model to predict syphilis,and to provide a theoretical basis for the health sector to develop corresponding strategies.Methods:GM(1,1)model was used to construct and simulate the incident rate and case number of syphilis in China from 2009 to 2018 to predict the change trend.Results:The GM(1,1)prediction model of syphilis incident rate was x^(1)(k+1)=929.367901 e(0.029413k)-906.297901.The GM(1,1)prediction model for the number of syphilis patients was x^(1)(k+1)=1060.278025 e(0.034280k)-1029.639925.For syphilis incidence model,the posterior difference ratio was 0.19819 and the probability of small error was 1.For the syphilis incident number model,the posterior difference ratio was 0.18450 and the probability of small error was 1.The above models have good fitting accuracy with excellent grade level and can be predicted by extrapolation and predicted that the syphilis incidence in 2019-2021 may be 36.15 per 100,000,37.23 per 100,000 and 38.34 per 100,000,respectively.From 2019 to 2021,the number of incident syphilis cases in China may be 503,406,520,962 and 539,130,respectively.Conclusion:The GM(1,1)model can well fit and predict the change trend of syphilis incidence in time series.The prediction model showed that the incidence of syphilis may continue to increase and the number of syphilis cases per year may continue to increase substantially.More effort is needed to strengthen the prevention and treatment of venereal disease,reduce venereal harm to the population and improve the early detection rate of syphilis.展开更多
Although chimeric antigen receptor-modified(CAR)T cell therapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of acute B lymphocytic leukemia,its effect on Burkitt lymphoma(BL)and chronic B lymphocytic leukemia(B-CLL)...Although chimeric antigen receptor-modified(CAR)T cell therapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of acute B lymphocytic leukemia,its effect on Burkitt lymphoma(BL)and chronic B lymphocytic leukemia(B-CLL)is unsatisfactory.Moreover,fatal side effects greatly impede CAR T cell application.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are excellent carriers of therapeutic agents.Nevertheless,EVs mainly accumulate in the liver when administered without modification.As an envelope glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr viruses,gp350 can efficiently bind CD21 on B cells.Here,gp350 was directly anchored onto red blood cell EVs(RBC-EVs)via its transmembrane region combined with low-voltage electroporation.The results showed that gp350 could anchor to RBC-EVs with high efficiency and that the resulting gp350-anchored RBC-EVs(RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp))exhibited increased targeting to CD21+BL and B-CLL relative to RBC-EVs.After the loading of doxorubicin or fludarabine,RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) had powerful cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy on CD21+BL or B-CLL,respectively.Moreover,RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) loaded with a drug did not exhibit any apparent systemic toxicity and specifically induced the apoptosis of tumor B cells but not normal Bcells.Therefore,our findings indicate that drug-loaded RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) may be adopted in the treatment of CD21+B cell malignancies.展开更多
Objective:To explore the incidence trend of tuberculosis in China from 2009 to 2018,and make a short-term prediction,so as to provide reference for scientific formulation of prevention and control measures for tubercu...Objective:To explore the incidence trend of tuberculosis in China from 2009 to 2018,and make a short-term prediction,so as to provide reference for scientific formulation of prevention and control measures for tuberculosis and rational allocation of control and prevention resources.Methods:The grey model GM(1,1)model was used to build and predict the incidence of tuberculosis in China by extracting the data from 2009 to 2018 from the Statistical Yearbook of China.Results:The GM(1,1)prediction model was established to predict the incidence of tuberculosis.The GM(1,1)prediction model for tuberculosis incidence was x^(1)(k+1)=-2572.122087 e(-0.029096k)+2653.212087.The grey GM(1,1)prediction model for pulmonary tuberculosis case number was x^(1)(k+1)=-4092.009372 e(-0.024334k)+4199.703172.The above two models with high fitting accuracy were used to predict that the incidence of tuberculosis in 2019-2021 would be 56.77/100,000,55.14/100,000 and 53.56/100,000,respectively.The model predicted that the number of incident tuberculosis cases may be 790,242,771,245 and 752,704 from 2019 to 2021 in China,respectively.Conclusion:The projection shows that the incidence of tuberculosis may decrease,but the annual incident number of tuberculosis is still very high.We should continue to strengthen the prevention and standardized treatment of tuberculosis,and improve the early detection and treatment rates.展开更多
To the Editor:In the last decade,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become a well-accepted treatment option for breast cancer,although few detailed description of NAC in China has yet been reported.[1]A previous study f...To the Editor:In the last decade,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become a well-accepted treatment option for breast cancer,although few detailed description of NAC in China has yet been reported.[1]A previous study found that among patients with clinically node-negative(cN0)breast cancer,97.7%(432/442)with breast pathologic complete response(bpCR)had ypN0(absence of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes);and 71.6%(882/1232)without bpCR achieved ypN0(P<0.001).As for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)that achieved bpCR.展开更多
Objective:Reconstruction of the digestive tract for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG)is in dispute.This study evaluated Cheng’s gastric tube interposition esophagogastrostomy with reconstruction of His ...Objective:Reconstruction of the digestive tract for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG)is in dispute.This study evaluated Cheng’s gastric tube interposition esophagogastrostomy with reconstruction of His angle and fundus(Cheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis)in laparoscopic/open proximal gastrectomy for Siewert typeⅡAEG,which was performed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.Here,we discuss the preliminary results of gastric emptying and anti-reflux.Methods:From a retrospective database,74 patients with advanced Siewert typeⅡAEG underwent curative proximal gastrectomy with GIRAFFE anastomosis,and their gastric emptying and anti-reflux outcomes were evaluated by the Reflux Disease Questionnaire(RDQ)score,nuclide gastric emptying,24-h impedance-pH monitoring and gastroscopy.Results:Seventy-four patients successfully completed proximal partial gastrectomy with Cheng’s GIRAFFE esophagogastric anastomosis.RDQ score six months after the operation was 2.2±2.5.Results of nuclide gastric emptying examinations showed that the gastric half-emptying time was 67.0±21.5 min,the 1-h residual rate was(52.2±7.7)%,the 2-h residual rate was(36.4±5.1)%,and the 3-h residual rate was(28.8±3.6)%;24-h impedance-p H monitoring revealed that the mean De Meester score was 5.8±2.9.Reflux esophagitis was observed by gastroscopy in 7 patients six months after surgery.Conclusions:Cheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis is safe and feasible for Siewert typeⅡAEG.展开更多
Aim:Scavenger receptor class B,type I(SR-BI)is an integral plasma membrane protein that has been reported to be overexpressed in various malignancies,such as renal cancer,breast cancer,and prostate cancer,and is an in...Aim:Scavenger receptor class B,type I(SR-BI)is an integral plasma membrane protein that has been reported to be overexpressed in various malignancies,such as renal cancer,breast cancer,and prostate cancer,and is an independent prognostic factor.However,the clinical value and expression of SR-BI in GC are unknown.Our research aimed to explore the role of SR-BI in combination with immune markers as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastric cancer(GC).Methods:GC tissues,paracancerous tissues,and clinicopathological data of 149 patients were collected.The expression level of SR-BI,Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry(IHC).The associations of the SR-BI staining intensity with clinicopathological features and immune markers were determined by the chi-square test.Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors.Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to plot the survival curve.Results:Our results indicated that SR-BI was expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues than in adjacent paracancerous tissues(p<0.001),and patients with high levels of SR-BI expression had a worse prognosis.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high SR-BI expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis.The chi-square test determined that the expression of SR-BI was negatively correlated with CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells(CD4+T cells,p=0.013;CD8+T cells,p=0.021),and positively correlated with PD-L1(p=0.022).Finally,survival analysis revealed that CD4+T cells were associated with the prognosis of GC patients(p=0.019),and the combined survival analysis of SR-BI and CD4+T cells was also statistically significant(p=0.030).Conclusion:SR-BI is highly expressed in GC tissue and associated with poor prognosis.Moreover,SR-BI can also regulate the GC tumor immune microenvironment.展开更多
With morphological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung(HAL)is a rare and aggressive subtype of lung cancer with a 5-year survival of only 8%.1 Most HAL patients present inc...With morphological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung(HAL)is a rare and aggressive subtype of lung cancer with a 5-year survival of only 8%.1 Most HAL patients present increased serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels that are commonly related to poor prognosis.Most insights into HAL have come from case series or reports,and TP53 is frequently mutated in HAL.The heterogeneity of HAL complicates the diagnosis.With no established standard,the management of HAL is modeled on that of classical lung adenocarcinoma,although with dismal outcomes.2 Herein,we reported the effective management of a stage IIIb HAL patient with perioperative chemoimmunotherapy and curative-intent surgery.The patient remained disease-free and minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative for more than one year after surgery.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract.Most GISTs have been attributed to activated gain-of-function mutations in either KIT or platelet-der...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract.Most GISTs have been attributed to activated gain-of-function mutations in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptorα,making these molecular features essential targets for therapeutic interventions.Although surgery is the standard treatment for localized GISTs,patients often experience relapse and disease progression even after surgery.In recent years,targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced GISTs.Imatinib mesylate,a KIT inhibitor,is the first-line treatment for advanced GISTs and has revolutionized the treatment of this disease.However,drug resistance remains a major issue with imatinib treatment,as a significant majority of patients become resistant to imatinib either after initiation or after 2–3 years of treatment.Consequently,novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib,regorafenib,ripretinib,and avapritinib have been introduced to address drug resistance.Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential approach for the treatment of advanced GISTs.This review comprehensively summarizes the pathogenesis of GISTs and the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,provides an overview of the emergence of drug resistance in advanced GISTs,and discusses the challenges and prospects associated with the treatment of GISTs.展开更多
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can specifically bind with the target protein or molecule via specific secondary structures.Compared to antibody-drug conjugates(ADC),aptamer-drug conjugate(ApDC)...Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can specifically bind with the target protein or molecule via specific secondary structures.Compared to antibody-drug conjugates(ADC),aptamer-drug conjugate(ApDC)is also an efficient,targeted drug for cancer therapy with a smaller size,higher chemical stability,lower immunogenicity,faster tissue penetration,and facile engineering.Despite all these advantages,several key factors have delayed the clinical translation of ApDC,such as in vivo off-target effects and potential safety issues.In this review,we highlight the most recent progress in the development of ApDC and discuss solutions to the problems noted above.展开更多
Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicente...Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicenter,single-arm trial(NCT04119674)enrolled 33 treatment-naïve patients with histologically proven glioblastomas between March 2019 and November 2020.Patients underwent treatment with the standard STUPP regimen[fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy given 5 d/w×6 w(total=54-60 Gy)]or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide(TMZ)(75 mg/m^(2)of body surface area/d,7 d/w from the first to the last day of radiotherapy),followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ(150-200 mg/m^(2)×5 d during each 28-d cycle)plus anlotinib(8 mg/d on d 1-14 of each 3-w cycle for 2 cycles during concomitant chemoradiotherapy,8 maximal cycles as adjuvant therapy,followed by maintenance at 8 mg/d.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS)and adverse events(AEs).Results:Thirty-three patients received the planned treatment.The median PFS was 10.9 months(95%CI,9.9-18.7 months)and the 12-month PFS rate was 48.5%.The median OS was 17.4 months(95%CI,14.5-21.1 months)and the 12-month OS rate was 81.8%.The most common AEs included hypertriglyceridemia[58%(n=19)],hypoalbuminemia[46%(n=15)],and hypercholesterolemia[46%(n=15)]during concurrent chemoradiotherapy and leukopenia[73%(n=24)],hypertriglyceridemia[67%(n=22)],and neutropenia[52%(n=17)]during adjuvant therapy.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AEs.HEG1(HR,5.6;95%CI,1.3-23.7;P=0.021)and RP1L1 alterations(HR,11.1;95%CI,2.2-57.2;P=0.004)were associated with a significantly shorter PFS.Conclusions:Anlotinib plus the STUPP regimen has promising anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma and manageable toxicity.HEG1 and RP1L1 alterations might be novel predictive biomarkers of the response to anlotinib.展开更多
Objective: Colorectal cancer(CRC) causes a substantial burden of disease in China and the evidence of economic burden triggered is fundamental for priority setting. The aim of this survey was to quantify medical expen...Objective: Colorectal cancer(CRC) causes a substantial burden of disease in China and the evidence of economic burden triggered is fundamental for priority setting. The aim of this survey was to quantify medical expenditures and the time trends for CRC diagnosis and treatment in China.Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 13 provinces across China. For each eligible CRC patient diagnosed from 2002 to 2011, clinical information and expenditure data were extracted using a uniform questionnaire. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2011 values.Results: Of the 14,536 CRC patients included, the average age at diagnosis was 58.2 years and 15.8% were stageI cases. The average medical expenditure per patient was estimated at 37,902 CNY [95 % confidence interval(95%CI): 37,282-38,522], and the annual average increase rate was 9.2% from 2002 to 2011(P for trend <0.001), with a cumulative increase of 2.4 times(from 23,275 CNY to 56,010 CNY). The expenditure per patient in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 31,698 CNY, 37,067 CNY, 38,918 CNY and 42,614 CNY, respectively(P<0.001). Expenditure significantly differed within various subgroups. Expenses for drugs contributed the largest proportion(52.6%).Conclusions: These conservative estimates illustrated that medical expenditures for CRC diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals in China were substantial and increased rapidly over the 10 years, with drugs continually being the main expense by 2011. Relatively, medical expenditures are lower for CRC in the earlier stages. These findings will facilitate the economic evaluation of CRC prevention and control in China.展开更多
Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method;however,only a few patients benefit from it.The development of new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgently needed.R...Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method;however,only a few patients benefit from it.The development of new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgently needed.Recently,high-throughput bulk and single-cell gene expression profling technologies have generated valuable resources.However,these resources are not well organized and systematic analysis is difficult.Here,we present TIGER,a tumor immunotherapy gene expression resource,which contains bulk transcriptome data of 1508 tumor samples with clinical immunotherapy outcomes and 11,057 tumor/normal samples without clinical immunotherapy outcomes,as well as single-cell transcriptome data of 2,116,945 immune cells from 655 samples.TIGER provides many useful modules for analyzing collected and user-provided data.Using the resource in TIGER,we identified a tumor-enriched subset of CD4^(+)T cells.Patients with melanoma with a higher signature score of this subset have a significantly better response and survival under immunotherapy.We believe that TIGER will be helpful in understanding anti-tumor immunity mechanisms and discovering effective biomarkers.展开更多
Kidney cancer,accounting for 4%of all new cancer cases in men and 3%in women,is one of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancer types,of which renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most frequent kind of kidney cancer(respon...Kidney cancer,accounting for 4%of all new cancer cases in men and 3%in women,is one of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancer types,of which renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most frequent kind of kidney cancer(responsible for70%of adult renal cancer cases).Before the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),RCC was considered an immunoreactive tumor and treated with IL-2 and other immunotherapies.展开更多
文摘Objective:Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH)agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited.This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of the LHRH agonist,goserelin,particularly the long-acting 10.8-mg depot formulation,and the follow-up patterns among Chinese prostate cancer patients.Methods:This was a multicenter,prospective,observational study in hormone treatment-na?ve patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who were prescribed goserelin 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks or 3.6-mg depot every 4 weeks with or without an anti-androgen.The patients had follow-up evaluations for 26 weeks.The primary outcome was the effectiveness of goserelin in reducing serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.The secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA levels,attainment of chemical castration(serum testosterone<50 ng/d L),and goserelin safety.The exploratory outcome was the monitoring pattern for serum testosterone and PSA.All analyses were descriptive.Results:Between September 2017 and December 2019,a total of 294 eligible patients received≥1 dose of goserelin;287 patients(97.6%)were treated with goserelin 10.8-mg depot.At week 24±2,the changes from baseline[standard deviation(95%confidence interval)]in serum testosterone(n=99)and PSA(n=131)were-401.0 ng/d L[308.4 ng/d L(-462.5,-339.5 ng/d L)]and-35.4 ng/m L[104.4 ng/m L(-53.5,-17.4 ng/m L)],respectively.Of 112 evaluable patients,100(90.2%)achieved a serum testosterone level<50 ng/d L.Treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)and severe TEAEs occurred in 37.1%and 10.2%of patients,respectively.The mean testing frequency(standard deviation)was 1.6(1.5)for testosterone and 2.2(1.6)for PSA.Conclusions:Goserelin 10.8-mg depot effectively achieved and maintained castration and was well-tolerated in Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.
文摘Background Since the middle of the 19th century,German pathologist Rudolf Virchow proposed that tumors originate from chronic inflammation[1].At present,the medical community has determined that inflammation is closely related to the occurrence,development and efficacy of anti-cancer treatment[2].Recently,an“anti-inflammatory diet”that claims to have functions such as cancer prevention has attracted much attention.To unveil the magic of the“anti-inflammatory diet”,let’s start with the concept of inflammation,which is the core of the“anti-inflammatory diet”.
基金supported by grants from the Development Project of the National Major Scientific Research Instrument(82027803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971623 and 82171937)Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20H180001)。
文摘Introduction Liver cancer remains a global health challenge,and its incidence is increasing worldwide.It is estimated that by 2025,more than one million individuals will be affected by liver cancer annually[1,2].In recent years,ablation has become a widely accepted treatment option for patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies[3].The commonly used ablation method for liver cancer is thermal ablation,including radiofrequency ablation.
基金Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.2018GY09.
文摘BACKGROUND Mounting studies have highlighted the pivotal influence of anti-silencing function 1B(ASF1B)on the malignancy of cancers.AIM To explore the influence and mechanism of ASF1B in colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expression of ASF1B.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect protein expression of ASF1B and Ki67 in tumor tissues.Western blot analysis was used to determine levels of ASF1B and proliferation/epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)/stemness-related proteins.In addition,the proliferation of CRC cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-Ethynyl-2’-Deoxyuridine assays.The migration and invasion of CRC cells were evaluated using transwell assays.Stemness of CRC cells was tested using the sphere formation assay.To construct a xenograft tumor model,HCT116 cells were introduced into mouse flanks via subcutaneous injection.RESULTS ASF1B expression was markedly increased in CRC tissues and cells,and it was inversely correlated with overall survival of CRC patients and was positively associated with the tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage of CRC patients.Silencing of ASF1B suppressed proliferation,migration,invasion,stemness and EMT of CRC cells as well as tumorigenesis of xenograft mice.Furthermore,protein levels of Pphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(p-PI3K)and p-AKT were decreased after silencing of ASF1B in CRC cells.The inhibitory effects of ASF1B knockdown on cell proliferation,stemness and EMT were partly abolished by PI3K activator in CRC cells.CONCLUSION Silencing of ASF1B inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway to suppress CRC malignancy in vitro.
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in China.According to the latest statistics in 2020,the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer all rank the third among all cancers,which have brought a huge burden to people’s health and social economy.Besides the high morbidity and mortality,the low early diagnosis rate is another dilemma of gastric cancer in China.Early gastric cancer accounts for only 20%of new gastric cancer cases in China.Most cases are already in the advanced stage when discovered,and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than50%(1,2).Over the past decades,China has made great progress in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer,but it is still a relatively prominent health problem.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8187010048.
文摘BACKGROUND Lung cancer with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)refers to the occurrence of lesions simultaneously or sequentially in the lung(s)of the same patient,and the pathological examination and sputum TB examination diagnose them as lung cancer and TB,respectively.The occurrence of endobronchial TB(EBTB)with endobronchial tumor sequentially in the same bronchus lesion of the same patient is relatively rare.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old female patient was admitted to a local hospital on June 18,2019 after a 3-mo history of dyspnea.She was a farmer and had no history of smoking and alcohol misuse.The patient had neither family nor work contact indicating exposure to TB.Emergency chest computed tomography(CT)examination showed that the right main bronchus was occupied and malignant tumor was possible.Histopathologic examination of a bronchial biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with caseification and the presence of acid fast bacilli(AFB).However,after 6 mo of antitubercular treatment,repeat bronchoscopy and biopsy histological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma.The patient has started on systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin.After another two cycles of therapy,chest CT showed complete resolution of the lesions.Bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial aspirate were negative for AFB and cancer cells.CONCLUSION It is not only more likely that a patient presenting with what appears to be TB will concurrently have a pulmonary malignancy than someone who does not have a TB infection,but also that it is of greater urgency to make an expedited diagnosis of the malignancy.
文摘Objective:To explore the feasibility of using grey model GM(1,1)model to predict syphilis,and to provide a theoretical basis for the health sector to develop corresponding strategies.Methods:GM(1,1)model was used to construct and simulate the incident rate and case number of syphilis in China from 2009 to 2018 to predict the change trend.Results:The GM(1,1)prediction model of syphilis incident rate was x^(1)(k+1)=929.367901 e(0.029413k)-906.297901.The GM(1,1)prediction model for the number of syphilis patients was x^(1)(k+1)=1060.278025 e(0.034280k)-1029.639925.For syphilis incidence model,the posterior difference ratio was 0.19819 and the probability of small error was 1.For the syphilis incident number model,the posterior difference ratio was 0.18450 and the probability of small error was 1.The above models have good fitting accuracy with excellent grade level and can be predicted by extrapolation and predicted that the syphilis incidence in 2019-2021 may be 36.15 per 100,000,37.23 per 100,000 and 38.34 per 100,000,respectively.From 2019 to 2021,the number of incident syphilis cases in China may be 503,406,520,962 and 539,130,respectively.Conclusion:The GM(1,1)model can well fit and predict the change trend of syphilis incidence in time series.The prediction model showed that the incidence of syphilis may continue to increase and the number of syphilis cases per year may continue to increase substantially.More effort is needed to strengthen the prevention and treatment of venereal disease,reduce venereal harm to the population and improve the early detection rate of syphilis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY19H160009 and LY20H120007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130053,81971871,31970845 and 81901571)+1 种基金the Joint Preresearch Fund for Clinical Scientific Research of Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University(YYJJ2019Z07)the Major Project of Hangzhou Health Science and Technology Plan(Z20200134).
文摘Although chimeric antigen receptor-modified(CAR)T cell therapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of acute B lymphocytic leukemia,its effect on Burkitt lymphoma(BL)and chronic B lymphocytic leukemia(B-CLL)is unsatisfactory.Moreover,fatal side effects greatly impede CAR T cell application.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are excellent carriers of therapeutic agents.Nevertheless,EVs mainly accumulate in the liver when administered without modification.As an envelope glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr viruses,gp350 can efficiently bind CD21 on B cells.Here,gp350 was directly anchored onto red blood cell EVs(RBC-EVs)via its transmembrane region combined with low-voltage electroporation.The results showed that gp350 could anchor to RBC-EVs with high efficiency and that the resulting gp350-anchored RBC-EVs(RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp))exhibited increased targeting to CD21+BL and B-CLL relative to RBC-EVs.After the loading of doxorubicin or fludarabine,RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) had powerful cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy on CD21+BL or B-CLL,respectively.Moreover,RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) loaded with a drug did not exhibit any apparent systemic toxicity and specifically induced the apoptosis of tumor B cells but not normal Bcells.Therefore,our findings indicate that drug-loaded RBC-EVs/gp350^(Etp) may be adopted in the treatment of CD21+B cell malignancies.
文摘Objective:To explore the incidence trend of tuberculosis in China from 2009 to 2018,and make a short-term prediction,so as to provide reference for scientific formulation of prevention and control measures for tuberculosis and rational allocation of control and prevention resources.Methods:The grey model GM(1,1)model was used to build and predict the incidence of tuberculosis in China by extracting the data from 2009 to 2018 from the Statistical Yearbook of China.Results:The GM(1,1)prediction model was established to predict the incidence of tuberculosis.The GM(1,1)prediction model for tuberculosis incidence was x^(1)(k+1)=-2572.122087 e(-0.029096k)+2653.212087.The grey GM(1,1)prediction model for pulmonary tuberculosis case number was x^(1)(k+1)=-4092.009372 e(-0.024334k)+4199.703172.The above two models with high fitting accuracy were used to predict that the incidence of tuberculosis in 2019-2021 would be 56.77/100,000,55.14/100,000 and 53.56/100,000,respectively.The model predicted that the number of incident tuberculosis cases may be 790,242,771,245 and 752,704 from 2019 to 2021 in China,respectively.Conclusion:The projection shows that the incidence of tuberculosis may decrease,but the annual incident number of tuberculosis is still very high.We should continue to strengthen the prevention and standardized treatment of tuberculosis,and improve the early detection and treatment rates.
基金Beijing Medical Reward Foundation(No.YXJL-2016-0040-0012)
文摘To the Editor:In the last decade,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become a well-accepted treatment option for breast cancer,although few detailed description of NAC in China has yet been reported.[1]A previous study found that among patients with clinically node-negative(cN0)breast cancer,97.7%(432/442)with breast pathologic complete response(bpCR)had ypN0(absence of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes);and 71.6%(882/1232)without bpCR achieved ypN0(P<0.001).As for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)that achieved bpCR.
基金Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumor(No.JBZX202006)Key Laboratory of Prevention,Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province(No.2022E10021)Medical Health Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2020KY488 and No.2022KY684)。
文摘Objective:Reconstruction of the digestive tract for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG)is in dispute.This study evaluated Cheng’s gastric tube interposition esophagogastrostomy with reconstruction of His angle and fundus(Cheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis)in laparoscopic/open proximal gastrectomy for Siewert typeⅡAEG,which was performed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.Here,we discuss the preliminary results of gastric emptying and anti-reflux.Methods:From a retrospective database,74 patients with advanced Siewert typeⅡAEG underwent curative proximal gastrectomy with GIRAFFE anastomosis,and their gastric emptying and anti-reflux outcomes were evaluated by the Reflux Disease Questionnaire(RDQ)score,nuclide gastric emptying,24-h impedance-pH monitoring and gastroscopy.Results:Seventy-four patients successfully completed proximal partial gastrectomy with Cheng’s GIRAFFE esophagogastric anastomosis.RDQ score six months after the operation was 2.2±2.5.Results of nuclide gastric emptying examinations showed that the gastric half-emptying time was 67.0±21.5 min,the 1-h residual rate was(52.2±7.7)%,the 2-h residual rate was(36.4±5.1)%,and the 3-h residual rate was(28.8±3.6)%;24-h impedance-p H monitoring revealed that the mean De Meester score was 5.8±2.9.Reflux esophagitis was observed by gastroscopy in 7 patients six months after surgery.Conclusions:Cheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis is safe and feasible for Siewert typeⅡAEG.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(HDMY22H160008)the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2022KY114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204828).
文摘Aim:Scavenger receptor class B,type I(SR-BI)is an integral plasma membrane protein that has been reported to be overexpressed in various malignancies,such as renal cancer,breast cancer,and prostate cancer,and is an independent prognostic factor.However,the clinical value and expression of SR-BI in GC are unknown.Our research aimed to explore the role of SR-BI in combination with immune markers as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastric cancer(GC).Methods:GC tissues,paracancerous tissues,and clinicopathological data of 149 patients were collected.The expression level of SR-BI,Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry(IHC).The associations of the SR-BI staining intensity with clinicopathological features and immune markers were determined by the chi-square test.Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors.Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to plot the survival curve.Results:Our results indicated that SR-BI was expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues than in adjacent paracancerous tissues(p<0.001),and patients with high levels of SR-BI expression had a worse prognosis.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high SR-BI expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis.The chi-square test determined that the expression of SR-BI was negatively correlated with CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells(CD4+T cells,p=0.013;CD8+T cells,p=0.021),and positively correlated with PD-L1(p=0.022).Finally,survival analysis revealed that CD4+T cells were associated with the prognosis of GC patients(p=0.019),and the combined survival analysis of SR-BI and CD4+T cells was also statistically significant(p=0.030).Conclusion:SR-BI is highly expressed in GC tissue and associated with poor prognosis.Moreover,SR-BI can also regulate the GC tumor immune microenvironment.
文摘With morphological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung(HAL)is a rare and aggressive subtype of lung cancer with a 5-year survival of only 8%.1 Most HAL patients present increased serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels that are commonly related to poor prognosis.Most insights into HAL have come from case series or reports,and TP53 is frequently mutated in HAL.The heterogeneity of HAL complicates the diagnosis.With no established standard,the management of HAL is modeled on that of classical lung adenocarcinoma,although with dismal outcomes.2 Herein,we reported the effective management of a stage IIIb HAL patient with perioperative chemoimmunotherapy and curative-intent surgery.The patient remained disease-free and minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative for more than one year after surgery.
基金supported by Quzhou City Jiang District Life Oasis Public Welfare Service Center,Health and Health Development Promotion Project(Oncology Research Special Project,no:BJHA-CRP-027).
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract.Most GISTs have been attributed to activated gain-of-function mutations in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptorα,making these molecular features essential targets for therapeutic interventions.Although surgery is the standard treatment for localized GISTs,patients often experience relapse and disease progression even after surgery.In recent years,targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced GISTs.Imatinib mesylate,a KIT inhibitor,is the first-line treatment for advanced GISTs and has revolutionized the treatment of this disease.However,drug resistance remains a major issue with imatinib treatment,as a significant majority of patients become resistant to imatinib either after initiation or after 2–3 years of treatment.Consequently,novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib,regorafenib,ripretinib,and avapritinib have been introduced to address drug resistance.Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential approach for the treatment of advanced GISTs.This review comprehensively summarizes the pathogenesis of GISTs and the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,provides an overview of the emergence of drug resistance in advanced GISTs,and discusses the challenges and prospects associated with the treatment of GISTs.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Y21C050001,China)Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Diseases(No.JBZX-202003,China)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22104132 and 22204144)the Zhejiang Province“Kunpeng”Program。
文摘Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can specifically bind with the target protein or molecule via specific secondary structures.Compared to antibody-drug conjugates(ADC),aptamer-drug conjugate(ApDC)is also an efficient,targeted drug for cancer therapy with a smaller size,higher chemical stability,lower immunogenicity,faster tissue penetration,and facile engineering.Despite all these advantages,several key factors have delayed the clinical translation of ApDC,such as in vivo off-target effects and potential safety issues.In this review,we highlight the most recent progress in the development of ApDC and discuss solutions to the problems noted above.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82272744)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010814)Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(Grant No.2022008).
文摘Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicenter,single-arm trial(NCT04119674)enrolled 33 treatment-naïve patients with histologically proven glioblastomas between March 2019 and November 2020.Patients underwent treatment with the standard STUPP regimen[fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy given 5 d/w×6 w(total=54-60 Gy)]or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide(TMZ)(75 mg/m^(2)of body surface area/d,7 d/w from the first to the last day of radiotherapy),followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ(150-200 mg/m^(2)×5 d during each 28-d cycle)plus anlotinib(8 mg/d on d 1-14 of each 3-w cycle for 2 cycles during concomitant chemoradiotherapy,8 maximal cycles as adjuvant therapy,followed by maintenance at 8 mg/d.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS)and adverse events(AEs).Results:Thirty-three patients received the planned treatment.The median PFS was 10.9 months(95%CI,9.9-18.7 months)and the 12-month PFS rate was 48.5%.The median OS was 17.4 months(95%CI,14.5-21.1 months)and the 12-month OS rate was 81.8%.The most common AEs included hypertriglyceridemia[58%(n=19)],hypoalbuminemia[46%(n=15)],and hypercholesterolemia[46%(n=15)]during concurrent chemoradiotherapy and leukopenia[73%(n=24)],hypertriglyceridemia[67%(n=22)],and neutropenia[52%(n=17)]during adjuvant therapy.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AEs.HEG1(HR,5.6;95%CI,1.3-23.7;P=0.021)and RP1L1 alterations(HR,11.1;95%CI,2.2-57.2;P=0.004)were associated with a significantly shorter PFS.Conclusions:Anlotinib plus the STUPP regimen has promising anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma and manageable toxicity.HEG1 and RP1L1 alterations might be novel predictive biomarkers of the response to anlotinib.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81773521)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2017-I2M-1006, No. 2016-12M-2-004)+4 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RC330001)the National Key Projects of Research and Development of China (No. 2018 YFC1315000)China Scholarship Council (No. 201908110180)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (No. SZSM201911015)the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China funded by National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China
文摘Objective: Colorectal cancer(CRC) causes a substantial burden of disease in China and the evidence of economic burden triggered is fundamental for priority setting. The aim of this survey was to quantify medical expenditures and the time trends for CRC diagnosis and treatment in China.Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 13 provinces across China. For each eligible CRC patient diagnosed from 2002 to 2011, clinical information and expenditure data were extracted using a uniform questionnaire. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2011 values.Results: Of the 14,536 CRC patients included, the average age at diagnosis was 58.2 years and 15.8% were stageI cases. The average medical expenditure per patient was estimated at 37,902 CNY [95 % confidence interval(95%CI): 37,282-38,522], and the annual average increase rate was 9.2% from 2002 to 2011(P for trend <0.001), with a cumulative increase of 2.4 times(from 23,275 CNY to 56,010 CNY). The expenditure per patient in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 31,698 CNY, 37,067 CNY, 38,918 CNY and 42,614 CNY, respectively(P<0.001). Expenditure significantly differed within various subgroups. Expenses for drugs contributed the largest proportion(52.6%).Conclusions: These conservative estimates illustrated that medical expenditures for CRC diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals in China were substantial and increased rapidly over the 10 years, with drugs continually being the main expense by 2011. Relatively, medical expenditures are lower for CRC in the earlier stages. These findings will facilitate the economic evaluation of CRC prevention and control in China.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81772614)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0106700)+2 种基金the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(Grant No.2017ZT07S096)the Zhejiang Qianjiang Talent Project(Grant No.QJD1602025)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020108),China.
文摘Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method;however,only a few patients benefit from it.The development of new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgently needed.Recently,high-throughput bulk and single-cell gene expression profling technologies have generated valuable resources.However,these resources are not well organized and systematic analysis is difficult.Here,we present TIGER,a tumor immunotherapy gene expression resource,which contains bulk transcriptome data of 1508 tumor samples with clinical immunotherapy outcomes and 11,057 tumor/normal samples without clinical immunotherapy outcomes,as well as single-cell transcriptome data of 2,116,945 immune cells from 655 samples.TIGER provides many useful modules for analyzing collected and user-provided data.Using the resource in TIGER,we identified a tumor-enriched subset of CD4^(+)T cells.Patients with melanoma with a higher signature score of this subset have a significantly better response and survival under immunotherapy.We believe that TIGER will be helpful in understanding anti-tumor immunity mechanisms and discovering effective biomarkers.
基金supported by the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974303)+1 种基金the“Climbing the peak(Dengfeng)”Talent Training Program of Beijing Hospitals Authority(DFL20191701)Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089)。
文摘Kidney cancer,accounting for 4%of all new cancer cases in men and 3%in women,is one of the ten most frequently diagnosed cancer types,of which renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most frequent kind of kidney cancer(responsible for70%of adult renal cancer cases).Before the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),RCC was considered an immunoreactive tumor and treated with IL-2 and other immunotherapies.