Cellular senescence is a form of permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by a variety of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including telomere shortening,DNA damage, oxidative stress, and exposure to chem...Cellular senescence is a form of permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by a variety of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including telomere shortening,DNA damage, oxidative stress, and exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Although the induction of apoptotic cell death is a desirable outcome in cancer therapy, mutations and/or deficiencies in the apoptotic signaling pathways have been frequently identified in many human cancer types,suggesting the importance of alternative apoptosis-independent therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence has documented that senescence induction in tumor cells is a frequent response to many anticancer modalities including cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 small molecule inhibitor-based targeted therapeutics and T helper-1 cytokine-mediated immunotherapy. This review discusses the recent advances and clinical relevance of therapy-induced senescence in cancer treatment.展开更多
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer photo...Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer phototherapeutics. We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using Pc 4 in vitro and in vivo against human cervical cancer cells. Methods: CaSki and ME-180 cancer cells were grown as monolayers and spheroids. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured using a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Pc 4 cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were determined. For in vitro Pc 4 photodynamic therapy, cells were irradiated at 667 nm at a fluence of 2.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 48 h. SCID mice were implanted with CaSki and ME-180 cells both subcutaneously and intracervically. Forty-eight hours after Pc 4 photodynamic therapy was administered at 75 and 150 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Results: The IC<sub>50</sub>s for Pc 4 and Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for CaSki and ME-180 cells as monolayers were, 7.6 μM and 0.016 μM and >10 μM and 0.026 μM;as spheroids, IC<sub>50</sub>s of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy were, 0.26 μM and 0.01 μM. Pc 4 was taken up within cells and widely distributed in tumors and tissues. Intracervical photodynamic therapy resulted in tumor death, however mice died due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Photodynamic therapy resulted in subcutaneous tumor death and growth delay. Conclusions: Pc 4 photodynamic therapy caused death within cervical cancer cells and xenografts, supporting development of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Support: P30-CA47904, CTSI BaCCoR Pilot Program.展开更多
Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaire...Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.展开更多
Aurora kinase A(Aurora-A),a serine/threonine kinase,plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes,including mitotic entry,centrosome maturation and spindle formation.Overexpression or gene-amplification/mutation ...Aurora kinase A(Aurora-A),a serine/threonine kinase,plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes,including mitotic entry,centrosome maturation and spindle formation.Overexpression or gene-amplification/mutation of Aurora-A kinase occurs in different types of cancer,including lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and breast cancer.Alteration of Aurora-A impacts multiple cancer hallmarks,especially,immortalization,energy metabolism,immune escape and cell death resistance which are involved in cancer progression and resistance.This review highlights the most recent advances in the oncogenic roles and related multiple cancer hallmarks of Aurora-A kinase-driving cancer therapy resistance,including chemoresistance(taxanes,cisplatin,cyclophosphamide),targeted therapy resistance(osimertinib,imatinib,sorafenib,etc.),endocrine therapy resistance(tamoxifen,fulvestrant) and radioresistance.Specifically,the mechanisms of Aurora-A kinase promote acquired resistance through modulating DNA damage repair,feedback activation bypass pathways,resistance to apoptosis,necroptosis and autophagy,metastasis,and stemness.Noticeably,our review also summarizes the promising synthetic lethality strategy for Aurora-A inhibitors in RB1,ARID1A and MYC gene mutation tumors,and potential synergistic strategy for m TOR,PAK1,MDM2,MEK inhibitors or PD-L1 antibodies combined with targeting Aurora-A kinase.In addition,we discuss the design and development of the novel class of Aurora-A inhibitors in precision medicine for cancer treatment.展开更多
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine(TCM)has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents.However,there are only a limited number of well-controlled preclinical and clinical studies documenting the ...Traditional Chinese herbal medicine(TCM)has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents.However,there are only a limited number of well-controlled preclinical and clinical studies documenting the potential benefit of TCM.OBJECTIVE To identify biologically active formulas that were effective against colorectal cancer(CRC)by screening TCM formulas in in vitro and in vivo animal models.METHODS Cell growth assays,cell cycle analysis,immunoblot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s)of action of the formulason human CRC cells.In vivo animal models were used to evaluate the antitumor activity of formulasalone and in combination with 5-FU.RESULTS We identified Huangqin Gegen Tang(HQGGT)which suppressed the in vivo growth of human CRC HT-29 xenografts.HQGGT significantly inhibited the growth of CRC cell lines.HQGGT enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU against human 5-FU-resistant cells(H630R1)and mouse colon cancer cells(MC38).This synergy was the result of suppression of thymidylate synthase expression by HQGGT.HQGGT significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of 5-FU in mice bearing MC38 xenografts.Ongoing studies have identified Huangqin as the herb responsible for TS inhibi⁃tion.CONCLUSION These findings provide support for the potential role of HQGGT as a novel modulator of fluoropyrim⁃idine chemotherapy for CRC treatment.展开更多
文摘Cellular senescence is a form of permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by a variety of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including telomere shortening,DNA damage, oxidative stress, and exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Although the induction of apoptotic cell death is a desirable outcome in cancer therapy, mutations and/or deficiencies in the apoptotic signaling pathways have been frequently identified in many human cancer types,suggesting the importance of alternative apoptosis-independent therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence has documented that senescence induction in tumor cells is a frequent response to many anticancer modalities including cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 small molecule inhibitor-based targeted therapeutics and T helper-1 cytokine-mediated immunotherapy. This review discusses the recent advances and clinical relevance of therapy-induced senescence in cancer treatment.
文摘Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer phototherapeutics. We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using Pc 4 in vitro and in vivo against human cervical cancer cells. Methods: CaSki and ME-180 cancer cells were grown as monolayers and spheroids. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured using a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Pc 4 cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were determined. For in vitro Pc 4 photodynamic therapy, cells were irradiated at 667 nm at a fluence of 2.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 48 h. SCID mice were implanted with CaSki and ME-180 cells both subcutaneously and intracervically. Forty-eight hours after Pc 4 photodynamic therapy was administered at 75 and 150 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Results: The IC<sub>50</sub>s for Pc 4 and Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for CaSki and ME-180 cells as monolayers were, 7.6 μM and 0.016 μM and >10 μM and 0.026 μM;as spheroids, IC<sub>50</sub>s of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy were, 0.26 μM and 0.01 μM. Pc 4 was taken up within cells and widely distributed in tumors and tissues. Intracervical photodynamic therapy resulted in tumor death, however mice died due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Photodynamic therapy resulted in subcutaneous tumor death and growth delay. Conclusions: Pc 4 photodynamic therapy caused death within cervical cancer cells and xenografts, supporting development of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Support: P30-CA47904, CTSI BaCCoR Pilot Program.
基金supported by the New Brunswick Health Research Foundationby a joint Sport Participation Research Initiative grant obtain from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and Sports Canada
文摘Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.H2020209284,China,Dayong Zheng)Scientific Research Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Hebei Province(No.QN2021120,Dayong Zheng)+1 种基金Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning province(No.2020-MS-225,China,Jun Li)the Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center grant(NCI P30CA013330,USA,Edward Chu)。
文摘Aurora kinase A(Aurora-A),a serine/threonine kinase,plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes,including mitotic entry,centrosome maturation and spindle formation.Overexpression or gene-amplification/mutation of Aurora-A kinase occurs in different types of cancer,including lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and breast cancer.Alteration of Aurora-A impacts multiple cancer hallmarks,especially,immortalization,energy metabolism,immune escape and cell death resistance which are involved in cancer progression and resistance.This review highlights the most recent advances in the oncogenic roles and related multiple cancer hallmarks of Aurora-A kinase-driving cancer therapy resistance,including chemoresistance(taxanes,cisplatin,cyclophosphamide),targeted therapy resistance(osimertinib,imatinib,sorafenib,etc.),endocrine therapy resistance(tamoxifen,fulvestrant) and radioresistance.Specifically,the mechanisms of Aurora-A kinase promote acquired resistance through modulating DNA damage repair,feedback activation bypass pathways,resistance to apoptosis,necroptosis and autophagy,metastasis,and stemness.Noticeably,our review also summarizes the promising synthetic lethality strategy for Aurora-A inhibitors in RB1,ARID1A and MYC gene mutation tumors,and potential synergistic strategy for m TOR,PAK1,MDM2,MEK inhibitors or PD-L1 antibodies combined with targeting Aurora-A kinase.In addition,we discuss the design and development of the novel class of Aurora-A inhibitors in precision medicine for cancer treatment.
文摘Traditional Chinese herbal medicine(TCM)has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents.However,there are only a limited number of well-controlled preclinical and clinical studies documenting the potential benefit of TCM.OBJECTIVE To identify biologically active formulas that were effective against colorectal cancer(CRC)by screening TCM formulas in in vitro and in vivo animal models.METHODS Cell growth assays,cell cycle analysis,immunoblot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s)of action of the formulason human CRC cells.In vivo animal models were used to evaluate the antitumor activity of formulasalone and in combination with 5-FU.RESULTS We identified Huangqin Gegen Tang(HQGGT)which suppressed the in vivo growth of human CRC HT-29 xenografts.HQGGT significantly inhibited the growth of CRC cell lines.HQGGT enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU against human 5-FU-resistant cells(H630R1)and mouse colon cancer cells(MC38).This synergy was the result of suppression of thymidylate synthase expression by HQGGT.HQGGT significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of 5-FU in mice bearing MC38 xenografts.Ongoing studies have identified Huangqin as the herb responsible for TS inhibi⁃tion.CONCLUSION These findings provide support for the potential role of HQGGT as a novel modulator of fluoropyrim⁃idine chemotherapy for CRC treatment.