Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic stroke.However,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more investigation.The aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain injury.PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury outcomes.The search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and B-vitamins.The focus of each literature search was basic science data.The year of publication in the literature searches was not limited.Our analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls.Howeve r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain injury.The details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further investigated.Overall,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model systems.Further investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

Surviving winter on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau:Extensive reversible protein phosphorylation plays a dominant role in regulating hypometabolism in hibernating Nanorana parkeri

Changes in protein abundance and reversible protein phosphorylation(RPP)play important roles in regulating hypometabolism but have never been documented in overwintering frogs at high altitudes.To test the hypothesis that protein abundance and phosphorylation change in response to winter hibernation,we conducted a comprehensive and quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the liver of the Xizang plateau frog,Nanorana parkeri,living on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.In total,5170 proteins and 5695 phosphorylation sites in 1938 proteins were quantified.Based on proteomic analysis,674 differentially expressed proteins(438 up-regulated,236 down-regulated)were screened in hibernating N.parkeri versus summer individuals.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that higher expressed proteins in winter were significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways,whereas lower expressed proteins were mainly involved in metabolic processes.A total of 4251 modified sites(4147 up-regulated,104 down-regulated)belonging to 1638 phosphoproteins(1555 up-regulated,83 down-regulated)were significantly changed in the liver.During hibernation,RPP regulated a diverse array of proteins involved in multiple functions,including metabolic enzymatic activity,ion transport,protein turnover,signal transduction,and alternative splicing.These changes contribute to enhancing protection,suppressing energy-consuming processes,and inducing metabolic depression.Moreover,the activities of phosphofructokinase,glutamate dehydrogenase,and ATPase were all significantly lower in winter compared to summer.In conclusion,our results support the hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of RPP as a regulatory mechanism when animals transition into a hypometabolic state.

6G New Multiple Access Technology

As a basic technology at physical layer of mobile communications,non-orthogonal multiple access has been attracting wide attention across the academia and the industry.During the standardization of the fifth-generation(5G)of mobile communications,3GPP conducted preliminary study on non-orthogonal multiple access without reaching the consensus to standardize the technology.

Underestimated Methane Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites Reveal Missed Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Opportunities

1.Introduction Cities are responsible for approximately 70%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and about 60%of all anthropogenic methane(CH4)emissions[1,2].Solid waste disposal sites(including landfills and dumpsites),which are prevalent in global cities,emit CH4 generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW).Notably,the proportions of CH4 emissions from disposal sites surpass 50%of the total CH4 emissions in some megalopolises[3].CH4 has a high global warming potential(GWP),being 28 times stronger than carbon dioxide(CO_(2))over a 100-year period and 80 times stronger over a 20-year period[4].Understanding and mitigating CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites is particularly pertinent and pressing,considering that the latest Synthesis Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)emphasizes that the current pace of mitigation and adaptation policies and measures falls short of restraining global temperature rise to under 1.5℃ within the 21st century[4].More than 150 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow(COP26),which aims to reduce global annual CH4 emissions by 30%by 2030,compared with emissions in 2020[5].

Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.

Preparation of Peanut Shell Cellulose Double-Network Hydrogel and Its Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue

To achieve optimal recovery and value-added utilisation of cellulose in peanut shells,the cellulose in peanut shells was first extracted using the sodium hydroxide-sodium chlorite method.Then,cellulose hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerisation using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent,sodium persulfate as the initiator,and acrylic acid as the monomer.Orthogonal optimisation experiments were designed to obtain optimal process parameters for hydrogel preparation with the cellulose dosage of 0.40 g,initiator dosage of 0.20 g,polymerisation temperature of 70°C,cross-linking agent of 0.25 g,and monomer dosage of 3.0 mL.The effect of initiator dosage on hydrogel synthesis was the most significant,followed by monomer dosage and reaction temperature.Characterisation using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogel was amorphous and exhibited a distinct three-dimensional double network structure.Hydrogel swelling kinetic analysis showed that the hydrogel swelling process was divided into three stages,and fitted the Schott secondary swelling kinetic model.The prepared hydrogel had a good adsorption effect on methylene blue;the adsorption of methylene blue by the hydrogel was 1.259 mg/g at 25°C when the initial concentration of methylene blue was 5 mg/L.The adsorption kinetics of the hydrogel fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model,pseudo-secondorder kinetic model,Eovich model and particle diffusion model.The best fitting effect was obtained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption isotherm analysis of methylene blue on hydrogel showed that the adsorption process was consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich models.The correlation coefficient of the Freundlich isotherm model was higher,indicating that the adsorption of methylene blue on hydrogel was mainly chemisorption.

A deep learning based misbehavior classification scheme for intrusion detection in cooperative intelligent transportation systems

With the rise of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)and the number of connected vehicles increasing on the roads,Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems(C-ITSs)have become an important area of research.As the number of Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle to Interface(V2I)communication links increases,the amount of data received and processed in the network also increases.In addition,networking interfaces need to be made more secure for which existing cryptography-based security schemes may not be sufficient.Thus,there is a need to augment them with intelligent network intrusion detection techniques.Some machine learning-based intrusion detection and anomaly detection techniques for vehicular networks have been proposed in recent times.However,given the expected large network size,there is a necessity for extensive data processing for use in such anomaly detection methods.Deep learning solutions are lucrative options as they remove the necessity for feature selection.Therefore,with the amount of vehicular network traffic increasing at an unprecedented rate in the C-ITS scenario,the need for deep learning-based techniques is all the more heightened.This work presents three deep learning-based misbehavior classification schemes for intrusion detection in IoV networks using Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The proposed Deep Learning Classification Engines(DCLE)comprise of single or multi-step classification done by deep learning models that are deployed on the vehicular edge servers.Vehicular data received by the Road Side Units(RSUs)is pre-processed and forwarded to the edge server for classifications following the three classification schemes proposed in this paper.The proposed classifiers identify 18 different vehicular behavior types,the F1-scores ranging from 95.58%to 96.75%,much higher than the existing works.By running the classifiers on testbeds emulating edge servers,the prediction performance and prediction time comparison of the proposed scheme is compared with those of the existing studies.

All-fiber ellipsometer for nanoscale dielectric coatings

Multiple mode resonance shifts in tilted fiber Bragg gratings(TFBGs)are used to simultaneously measure the thickness and the refractive index of TiO_(2) thin films formed by Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD)on optical fibers.This is achieved by comparing the experimental wavelength shifts of 8 TFBG resonances during the deposition process with simulated shifts from a range of thicknesses(T)and values of the real part of the refractive index(n).The minimization of an error function computed for each(n,T)pair then provides a solution for the thickness and refractive index of the deposited film and,a posteriori,to verify the deposition rate throughout the process from the time evolution of the wavelength shift data.Validations of the results were carried out with a conventional ellipsometer on flat witness samples deposited simultaneously with the fiber and with scanning electron measurements on cut pieces of the fiber itself.The final values obtained by the TFBG(n=2.25,final thickness of 185 nm)were both within 4%of the validation measurements.This approach provides a method to measure the formation of nanoscale dielectric coatings on fibers in situ for applications that require precise thicknesses and refractive indices,such as the optical fiber sensor field.Furthermore,the TFBG can also be used as a process monitor for deposition on other substrates for deposition methods that produce uniform coatings on dissimilar shaped substrates,such as ALD.

Maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline worsen stroke outcomes in adult male and female mouse offspring

Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledge gap on how maternal nutrition impacts stro ke outcomes in offspring.The aim of our study was to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline on stroke outcomes in 3-month-old offspring.Adult female mice were fed a folic acid-deficient diet,choline-deficient diet,or control diet 4 weeks before pregnancy.They we re continued on diets during pregnancy and la ctation.Male and female offspring were weaned onto a control diet and at 2 months of age were subjected to ischemic stroke within the sensorimotor cortex via photothrombotic damage.Mothers maintained on either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet had reduced levels of S-adenosylm ethionine in the liver and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the plasma.After ischemic stro ke,motor function was impaired in 3-month-old offspring from mothers receiving either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet compared to the animals receiving a control diet.In brain tissue,there was no difference in ischemic damage volume.When protein levels were assessed in ischemic brain tissue,there were lower levels of active caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in males compared to females and betaine levels were reduced in offspring from the mothers receiving a choline-deficient diet.Our results demonstrate that a deficient maternal diet at critical time points in neurodevelopment results in worse stro ke outcomes.This study emphasizes the importance of maternal diet and the impact it can have on offspring health.

基于LBP值对空间统计特征的纹理描述符

针对基于内容图像检索应用背景下局部二值模式(LBP)描述符缺乏空间描述能力及所需特征矢量维数较长的不足,提出一种基于LBP值对空间统计特征构建的改进纹理描述符(ILBP).ILBP描述符首先利用LBP微模式编码方法将原始图像转换为LBP伪灰度图像,然后再提取出多个关于LBP值对空间分布关系统计值构成描述图像特征的特征矢量.在基于内容的图像检索原型测试平台上完成大量实验.实验结果表明,与LBP及其各类变种描述符相比,ILBP描述符在进一步增强LBP描述符描述能力的同时大幅度压缩特征矢量维数,具有更好的查询正确率和查询效率.

学前儿童害羞与社会适应：师幼关系的调节作用

本研究对360名幼儿进行为期一年半的追踪,探讨害羞幼儿的社会适应和师幼关系在害羞与社会适应之间的调节作用。幼儿母亲完成儿童社会偏好量表,幼儿教师完成师幼关系量表和对儿童社会适应的评价。结果表明,害羞与儿童人际技能和口头主张显著负相关,与内化问题、不合群行为和同伴排斥显著正相关;师幼关系与儿童社会适应相关,并在害羞与儿童社会适应之间具有调节作用。

青藏工程走廊热融湖塘水理化特性分析

为查明青藏工程走廊热融湖塘水理化特性及其理化特性与湖塘分布之间的关系,选取青藏工程走廊楚玛尔河至风火山段为研究区域,沿青藏公路从北向南依次选取19个热融湖塘进行水深、面积等几何特征调研并取水样,进行阴阳离子等理化参数测定。分析了热融湖塘水的理化特性,并结合调研资料探讨了热融湖塘理化特性与区域环境及湖塘分布之间的相关性。结果表明在3个研究亚区湖的水理化特性有较大差别,楚玛尔河高平原从北向南湖水矿化度逐渐升高,水质由淡水向咸水再到强咸水过渡,主要与该区域"碟"状湖的分布特征和寒旱多风及蒸发量大有关;可可西里山区和北麓河盆地的湖水矿化度较低,水质以弱咸水或淡水为主。这两个亚区湖较深,地形以丘陵盆地为主,降低了湖面的蒸发量。

钻孔摄像技术的发展与现状

基于光学技术的钻孔摄像设备能以照相胶片或视频图像的方式直接提供钻孔孔壁的图像。全景技术的实现使同时观测360°钻孔孔壁成为可能,而数字技术的应用则提供了形成、显示和处理这些图像的能力。所有的图像不仅可用于定性地识别钻孔内的情况,而且还可准确地获得相关的数据并进一步从事定量分析。钻孔摄像技术具有广阔的应用,主要包括岩土工程、工程地质、土木工程、石油工业、采矿工程、冰川研究等诸多方面。据此,全面地回顾了钻孔摄像技术的发展历史和当前的现状,描述了在各个阶段出现的设备技术特征,对数字光学成像系统的原理、光源设计、图像处理和精度进行了对比,给出了以单环技术和图幅技术为定义的数字光学成像系统,最后讨论了钻孔摄像技术将来的发展方向。

细菌生存优化在非线性模型辨识中的应用

提出了一种新的基于细菌生存优化(Bacterial Foraging Optimization BFO)的非线性模型辨识方法。它是利用群集智能仿生BFO算法对一类Hammerstein系统进行辨识,从而估计出它的参数模型。通过对这类输入非线性模型进行辨识,并用仿真实验说明BFO算法的参数设置与选择方法。比较基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization PSO)的非线性模型辨识算法,特别是对有色噪声的鲁棒性、模型的辨识精度、辨识收敛速度进行对比分析,以得出BFO辨识算法的优缺点及其有效性。

信息技术采纳研究的元分析:2000—2006

信息技术采纳研究(IT Adoption Study)一直是信息系统(IS)学科的重点研究领域,历经20多年产生了很多经典理论成果,但仍方兴未艾。对经典采纳理论的完善和改进从未停止,也不断有学者以新视角、新理论来解释人们对IT的采纳行为和过程,其研究对象也随着IT本身的飞速发展而不断变化。为了全面了解采纳研究的发展现状和最新趋势,本文回顾了2000—2006年间发表在IS领域重要期刊上及ICIS会议收录的IT采纳研究论文211篇,从理论基础、研究层次、因变量、系统类型及研究方法等多个方面进行了系统的元分析。根据元分析结果,我们探讨了IT采纳研究今后可能的创新领域,对采纳研究未来的发展方向提出了建议。

用于互联网遥操作的基于速率的点对点传输协议的研究

互联网的传输时延、时延抖动、带宽限制和带宽变化都对遥操作不利,但互联网的这种通信条件常作为给定条件,很少有人专门研究.互联网传输层的两个协议TCP和UDP以及其他新开发的实时应用协议都不适合于基于互联网的遥操作系统的数据传输,为此,本文首先为基于互联网的遥操作系统提出了一种新的拥塞控制算法,开发了基于速率的点对点三项式传输协议.然后,从理论上说明该协议能够探测网络状态变化,并对这种网络带宽变化是易响应的;另外,该协议也是协议内部公平、协议间公平和有效收敛的.最后,通过仿真比较可以推知,该协议能最小化时延和时延抖动及丢包率.

电子政务公众采纳问题的研究综述

如何推进公众参与是当前中国电子政务发展的首要问题。电子政务公众服务成功的关键取决于公众是否愿意采纳这些服务。本文的目的是在对电子政务公众采纳问题相关研究进行综述的基础上,探讨开展我国电子政务公众采纳问题研究的理论框架、途径及方法。为此,对国内外电子政务公众采纳研究中的理论基础和影响因素进行了系统的分析,在此基础上总结出目前研究中存在的问题。最后对未来研究的方向提出了建议。

基于福克普朗克方程与析取克里金模型的柔性针路径预测

为提高柔性针穿刺软组织的精度并充分考虑软组织的非线性和各向异性,提出了一种基于福克-普朗克方程和析取克里金模型的柔性针路径预测方法.首先,将随机微分方程演化为加入高斯随机噪声的福克-普朗克方程,优化含有位置和方向的柔性针概率密度函数.其次,由概率密度函数求得柔性针运动的均值和协方差,结合概率路径算法规划穿刺路径.然后,将普通克里金方法中的权重系数推广为非线性函数,由埃尔米特展开式计算析取克里金优化模型的非线性参数值.最后,对不同路径规划模拟图进行仿真试验分析.结果表明,在非线性的软组织环境下,该运动学模型能够在柔性针穿刺误差远小于2 mm的临床要求下规划出最优穿刺路径.通过对概率密度算法和析取克里金算法推导的均值、协方差参数的数据分析处理可有效地优化路径预测模型,有助于提高柔性针穿刺软组织的命中靶向率.

中国信息系统（IS）研究的多样性研究

本文对1999年至2003年中国管理类18种重要期刊中的604篇信息系统(IS)领域文章进行了实证研究,目的在于分析国内IS研究的多样性.本文从研究题目、参考学科、研究方法、分析层次4个角度,对中国IS研究的多样性进行了描述和时间序列分析.通过与国外IS研究多样性的比较,本文阐释了中国IS研究多样性的特征.最后分析了IS研究多样性对于中国IS学科发展可能产生的正、负面影响,并提出了相应措施.