Adherence to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in diabetes mellitus patients in Saudi Arabia:A multicenter retrospective study

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)are predisposed to an increased risk of infection signifying the importance of vaccination to protect against its potentially severe complications.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(CDC/ACIP)issued immunization recommendations to protect this patient population.AIM To assess the adherence of patients with DM to the CDC/ACIP immunization recommendations in Saudi Arabia and to identify the factors associated with the vaccine adherence rate.METHODS An observational retrospective study conducted in 2023 was used to collect data on the vaccination records from 13 diabetes care centers in Saudi Arabia with 1000 eligible patients in phase I with data collected through chart review and 709 patients in phase II through online survey.RESULTS Among participants,10.01%(n=71)had never received any vaccine,while 85.89%(n=609)received at least one dose of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine,and 34.83%(n=247)had received the annual influenza vaccine.Only 2.96%(n=21),2.11%(n=15),and 1.12%(n=8)received herpes zoster,tetanus,diphtheria,and pertussis(Tdap),and human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccines,respectively.For patients with DM in Saudi Arabia,the rate of vaccination for annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines was higher compared to other vaccinations such as herpes zoster,Tdap,pneumococcal,and HPV.Factors such as vaccine recommendations provided by family physicians or specialists,site of care,income level,DM-related hospitalization history,residency site,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)level,and health sector type can significantly influence the vaccination rate in patients with DM.Among non-vaccinated patients with DM,the most reported barriers were lack of knowledge and fear of side effects.This signifies the need for large-scale research in this area to identify additional factors that might facilitate adherence to CDC/ACIP vaccine recommendations in patients with DM.CONCLUSION In Saudi Arabia,patients with DM showed higher vaccination rates for annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines compared to other vaccinations such as herpes zoster,Tdap,pneumococcal,and HPV.Factors such as vaccine recommendations provided by family physicians or specialists,the site of care,income level,DM-related hospitalization history,residency site,HbA1c level,and health sector type can significantly influence the vaccination rate in patients with DM.

Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents.NAFLD ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with steatosis.Circulating microRNA(miRNA)levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD,but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains unknown.This analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with NAFLD.METHODS This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study.Intra-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of NAFLD.Plasma samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling.A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq platform.We examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age,sex,race,and other key covariates.Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of NAFLD.RESULTS We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p,and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p,in adolescents with NAFLD.Moreover,52,16,15,and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASH,fibrosis,ballooning degeneration,and lobular inflammation,respectively.Collectively,16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of NAFLD.Among those miRNAs,miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASH,ballooning,and fibrosis,while miR-122-5p,miR-1343-5p,miR-193a-5p,miR-193b-5p,and miR-7845-5p were consistently and positively associated with all histological features of NAFLD.Pathway analysis revealed that most common pathways of miRNAs associated with multiple NAFLD features have been associated with tumor progression,while we also identified linkages between miR-122-5p and hepatitis C virus and between miR-199b-5p and chronic hepatitis B.CONCLUSION Plasma miRNAs were associated with NAFLD features in adolescent with severe obesity.Larger studies with more heterogeneous NAFLD phenotypes are needed to evaluate miRNAs as potential biomarkers of NAFLD.

Optimal Concentration of the Bubble Drainage Agent in Foam Drainage Gas Recovery Applications

Foam drainage is theflow of liquid through the interstitial spaces between bubbles driven by capillarity and grav-ity and resisted by viscous damping.The so-called foam drainage gas recovery technology is a technique tradi-tionally used to mitigate the serious bottom-hole liquid loading in the middle and late stages of gas well production.In this context,determining the optimal concentration of the bubble drainage agent is generally cru-cial for the proper application of this method.In this study,a combination of indoor experiments and theoretical analysis have been used to determine the pressure drop related to the foam-carrying capacity in a representative gasfield.Dynamic and static experiments were designed with a bubble drainage agent concentration varying in the range 0.3%–0.6%.Using thefield formation water data,the optimal soaking agent concentration was obtained and pressure drop test experiments on the foam carrying capacity were conducted accordingly.These tests have revealed that the optimal foam displacement agent concentration is 0.5%,and the foam quality at the optimum concentration is between 0.78–0.98.A theoretical method for calculating the pressure drop at the optimum soak-away concentration based on experimental data has also been introduced.The error of the proposed method is within 15%compared to the experimental measured value,demonstrating that it is highly accurate and simple.

Earthquake planning and crisis management with an emphasis on the facilities, utilities, and services of the health care centers of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province, Iran: A case study

Objective: To study earthquake planning and crisis management with an emphasis on the facilities, utilities, and services of the health care centers of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical survey based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tiran and Karvan County Health Care Centers(HCCs). Twenty quantitative and qualitative indicators were derived from the studied HCCs and analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis technique. The top crisis management strategies were identified and a number of strategies and solutions were proposed. Results: The HCC utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and heating and cooling systems were in average condition, whereas the facilities of the majority of HCCs were in vulnerable-to-average condition. In addition, they sustained relatively high degree of instability which calls for reassessment and effective policies to minimize weaknesses and eliminate threats using strengths and opportunities. Conclusions: It is recommended that the condition of Tiran and Karvan County HCCs be enhanced by distributing new HCCs based on the population density, expanding the road network and creating vast, wide-open spaces to enable field hospital construction in times of crisis.

Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Using Anthropometric Indices among Chinese Adolescents with Different Nutritional Status:A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome(Met S)among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status.Methods We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10–18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014.Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment,and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices,including body mass index(BMI)percentile,waist circumference percentile,waist-height ratio,and waist-hip ratio.Results Overall,the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting Met S with areas under ROC curves(AUCs)ranging from 0.86 to 0.94;similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight.The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants,with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67,respectively.Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses.Conclusions We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting Met S in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population,but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required.

Contrasting vegetation changes in dry and humid regions ofthe Tibetan Plateau over recent decades

An overall greening over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) in recent decades has been established through analyses of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), though the regional pattern of the changes and associated drivers remain to be explored. This study used a satellite Leaf Area Index(LAI) dataset(the GLASS LAI dataset) and examined vegetation changes in humid and arid regions of the TP during 1982–2012. Based on distributions of the major vegetation types, the TP was divided roughly into a humid southeastern region dominated by meadow and a dry northwestern region covered mainly by steppe. It was found that the dividing line between the two regions corresponded well with the lines of mean annual precipitation of 400 mm and the mean LAI of 0.3. LAI=0.3 was subsequently used as a threshold for investigating vegetation type changes at the interanual and decadal time scales: if LAI increased from less than 0.3 to greater than0.3 from one time period to the next, it was regarded as a change from steppe to meadow, and vice versa. The analysis shows that changes in vegetation types occurred primarily around the dividing line of the two regions, with clear growth(reduction) of the area covered by meadow(steppe), in consistency with the findings from using another independent satellite product. Surface air temperature and precipitation(diurnal temperature range) appeared to contribute positively(negatively) to this change though climate variables displayed varying correlation with LAI for different time periods and different regions.

Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in the Elderly in the Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital Center of Point G, Bamako, Mali

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent and of polymorphous clinical symptomatology in elderly subjects both in and out of hospital. In Mali, to our knowledge, no study concerning UTIs in the elderly has been conducted, hence the interest in this innovative work. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and clinical and paraclinical aspects of urinary tract infections in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study from September 1, 2013 to August 31, 2014, i.e. duration of 12 months. All patients aged 65 years and over, hospitalized or ambulatory in the internal medicine department with a documented urinary tract infection were included. Results: We collected and examined 194 patients. The cytobacteriological study of urine (CBSU) was positive in 28 patients, i.e. a prevalence of 14.43%. The male sex represented 59.8% of the cases, the sex ratio was equal to 1.46. The age groups between 65 - 69 and 70 - 74 years were the most affected, respectively 28.57% and 39.28%. The main clinical signs were: asthenia, anorexia, dependence, fever, urinary burning, dysuria. Hospitalization was associated with urinary tract infection with P = 0.01. The group of enterobacteria were incriminated in 75% of cases. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa represented 39.28%, 14.28% and 10.71% of cases. Urinary tract infections were represented by pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, orchi-epididymitis and simple cystitis. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is frequent in the elderly, its clinical presentation is polymorphic and enterobacteria are the most incriminated group of bacteria.

Current status of cognition and skin care behavior in adolescent patients with acne:A survey in China

To the Editor:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin condition.Population-based epidemiological studies have reported associations between dietary habits,lifestyle factors,family history,and the occurrence and development of acne.^([1–4])This study investigated the skincare behavior and cognition of patients with AV regarding predisposing factors using a designed electronic questionnaire.

Total conversion of centimeter-scale nickel foam into single atom electrocatalysts with highly selective CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction in neutral electrolyte

To improve the atomic utilization of metals and reduce the cost of industrialization,the one-step total monoatomization of macroscopic bulk metals,as opposed to nanoscale metals,is effective.In this study,we used a thermal diffusion method to directly convert commercial centimeter-scale Ni foam to porous Ni single-atom-loaded carbon nanotubes(CNTs).As expected,owing to the coating of single-atom on porous,highly conductive CNT carriers,Ni single-atom electrocatalysts(Ni-SACs)exhibit extremely high activity and selectivity in CO_(2)electroreduction(CO_(2)RR),yielding a current density of>350 mA/cm^(2),a selectivity for CO of>91%under a flow cell configuration using a 1 M potassium chloride(KCl)electrolyte.Based on the superior activity of the Ni-SACs electrocatalyst,an integrated gas-phase electrochemical zero-gap reactor was introduced to generate a significant amount of CO current for potential practical applications.The overall current can be increased to 800 mA,while maintaining CO Faradaic efficiencies(FEs)at above 90%per unit cell.Our findings and insights on the active site transformation mechanism for macroscopic bulk Ni foam conversion into single atoms can inform the design of highly active single-atom catalysts used in industrial CO_(2)RR systems.

基于遥感指数与深度学习的黄河冰凌遥感监测识别分析

黄河流域特殊的地理位置和环境因素造就了其复杂的凌情特征,及时准确掌握凌汛期间冰凌变化规律与特点是凌汛监测防治的关键任务。卫星遥感可实现黄河冰凌的大范围快速提取,目前常用的方法有遥感指数与深度学习两类,为验证和对比不同方法对黄河冰凌遥感监测识别的有效性,基于Sentinel-2遥感数据,利用归一化积雪指数及其改进形式和U^(2)-Net等三种方法对2023年黄河宁蒙段冰凌进行遥感提取。结果表明:NDSI、MNDSI、U^(2)-Net三种方法的结果分类精度分别为83.42%、87.98%和92.01%;Kappa系数分别为0.88、0.90和0.97;三种方法均对冰凌有较好的提取效果,但指数法对于流凌、清沟等其他类型的识别效果较差,浅滩处提取的边界较为杂乱,U^(2)-Net可以精确区分出清沟,提取冰凌边界的效果更好。

基于建构主义的地方高校“专创融合”路径研究

新时期下地方高校对创新创业教育进一步进行推动已经成为必然趋势,但是如何将创新创业教育进行深化却成为重要研讨问题,专业教育作为高等教育的基础,底层逻辑上存在着与创新创业教育结合的必然性,可是如何进行有效结合则仍需探究。本文基于建构主义视角,从“专创融合”的必要性出发,对地方高校在“专创融合”过程中所出现的问题进行明确,并提出有效可行的“专创融合”融合路径,以期可以为地方高校专业教育和创新创业教育的发展提出有效建议。

不同健康教育方式对儿童青少年近视防控作用的研究进展

我国儿童青少年近视率居世界前位,并伴有低龄化和重度化趋势。视力问题与儿童青少年的身心健康密切相关。健康教育在预防和控制近视的发生发展中发挥了积极作用。本研究聚焦于健康教育对儿童青少年近视的作用,从理论模型、传播方式和传播对象3个方面就健康教育对儿童青少年近视的预防和控制作用进行综述,旨在为儿童青少年近视发生发展的预防和控制研究提供有效方式,减少近视所带来的公共卫生问题。

奥美普林的合成工艺改进

5-(4,5-二甲氧基-2-甲基苄基)-2,4-二氨嘧啶,又称为奥美普林,是一种抗菌增效剂,常与磺胺类抗菌药合用,可扩大磺胺类抗菌药的抗菌谱,显著提高磺胺类抗菌药的抗菌效果。在前人研究的基础上对奥美普林的合成工艺进行了改进,采用溴素代替原工艺中氢溴酸的卤代反应,避免了氧气的制备与应用,条件更加温和,增加了整个工艺中的可操作性,更适用于工业化大生产。此外还对工艺中工艺条件进行了筛选,确定了最佳的反应条件。

融合场景深度估计和视觉传达的复杂光照图像虚拟重建

复杂光照图像虚拟中受到光照强度不均衡性影响导致重建效果不好,为了提高复杂光照图像虚拟重建效果,提出基于融合场景深度估计和视觉传达的复杂光照图像虚拟重建方法。针对不同场景深度混频光照的相互干扰采用相关匹配降噪方法实现图像降噪处理,以光照图像低亮度区域内亮度值中位数作为场景深度的参考值,采用全局特性和局部细节特征拟合的方法实现对复杂光照图像的场景深度检测和视觉跟踪拟合,采用HSV空间特征分解方法实现对不同场景中光照图片亮度通道融合处理,提取场景物体边缘、纹理等细节信息,根据场景深度检测和全局对比度融合下的视觉传达效果实现复杂光照图像虚拟重建。测试结果得知,采用该方法进行复杂光照图像虚拟重建的视觉表达能力较好,重建后的图像细节展示能力较强,能准确重建暗区域内隐藏的图像信息,两个数据集图像的峰值信噪比较高,均方根误差较低,分别为45.63 dB、53.21 dB和0.366、0.265,且重建时长短,仅为1.5 s,具有较强的重建性能。

新媒体平台网络交易现状与监管对策研究

随着互联网技术的不断发展和普及,网络交易方式更新迭代日益频繁,网络交易规模也显示出强劲的增长势头。如何快速适应市场变化,提高网络交易监管效能、打造健康网络交易环境仍将是市场监管内容的重要组成部分。本文主要针对各类平台网络交易现状进行分析,归纳网络交易问题的成因,从法律法规、人才建设、协作监管、平台主体责任等多个角度探索监管对策。

CPO-PCL微粒在缺氧条件下对脂肪间充质干细胞体外增殖及成骨分化作用的影响

目的:探究聚己内酯(polycaprolactone,PCL)包载过氧化钙(calcium peroxide,CPO)的CPO-PCL微粒在缺氧条件下对脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell,ADMSC)体外增殖及成骨分化作用的影响。方法:提取大鼠ADMSC,并加入制备的CPO-PCL微粒,在缺氧/常氧环境下,正常培养或成骨分化培养细胞,分别于培养第7天和第14天MTT实验检测ADMSC增殖,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)试剂盒检测ALP水平;茜素红染色观察钙化结节情况,免疫荧光染色观察ADMSC核心转录因子-2(Runt-related transcription factor 2,RUNX2)、骨钙素(Osteocalcin)和骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin)的荧光表达量。结果:在缺氧成骨分化培养条件下,1.00%CPO-PCL微粒显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.05),0.50%和1.00%CPO-PCL微粒显著增加ADMSC ALP和钙结节生成量(P<0.001),促进RUNX2、Osteocalcin和Osteopontin蛋白表达(P<0.05)。在缺氧正常培养条件下,1.00%CPO-PCL微粒增加ADMSC ALP含量,促进RUNX2、Osteocalcin和Osteopontin蛋白表达(P<0.05)。在常氧成骨分化培养条件下,1.00%CPO-PCL微粒增加ALP和钙结节生成量,0.50%和1.00%CPO-PCL微粒促进RUNX2、Osteocalcin蛋白表达(P<0.001)。在常氧正常培养条件下,0.50%和1.00%CPO-PCL微粒促进RUNX2、Osteocalcin和Osteopontin蛋白表达(P<0.05),但对细胞成骨分化无显著影响。结论:1.00%CPO-PCL微粒在缺氧成骨分化培养条件下能够促进ADMSC体外增殖及成骨分化。

亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊辅助降血脂作用人体试食研究

为观察亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊对人体辅助降血脂的作用,将109例高脂血症者按血脂水平随机分为试食组和对照组。受试者不改变生活饮食习惯,试食组每日食用亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊2次,每次3粒,对照组采用空白对照。试验结果表明,试食组连续服用亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊60 d后,未见不良反应。通过试食组与对照组间比较以及试食组自身前后比较分析发现,受试者血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。试食组总有效率35.8%,高于对照组(1.9%)。因此,亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊对人体具有辅助降血脂的功能。

深圳市学龄前儿童健康素养与健康状况的关系分析

目的分析深圳市学龄前儿童健康素养与健康状况的关系,为制定健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对深圳市1514名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查;采用χ^(2)检验和Logistic回归分析对调查结果进行统计分析。结果有效问卷回收率为86.66%,深圳市学龄前儿童健康素养水平是66.84%,父母评价健康状况好的比例为80.64%,2周病伤率为18.37%。Logistic回归分析显示,健康素养是学龄前儿童父母评价健康状况和2周病伤情况的影响因素。以不具备健康素养为参照,具备健康素养的学龄前儿童父母评价健康状况较好,OR值为2.689(95%CI:2.030~3.562);具备健康素养的学龄前儿童2周病伤率较低,OR值为0.723(95%CI:0.540~0.968)。结论提升健康素养是改善学龄前儿童健康状况的重要途径,应针对健康素养薄弱环节进行重点干预。

高层次青年海归科技人才发展状况及政策优化研究——以上海为例

在全球科创中心城市建设背景下,高层次青年海归科技人才的引领作用更加凸显。基于2022年上海市青年科技人才专项调研和访谈数据,筛选其中的高层次海归科技人才并对他们的价值观念、事业发展、生活适应等方面的问题进行研究。调研发现,高层次青年海归科技人才在价值观念上积极向上,在事业发展上信心充足,在生活适应上融入城市,取得了较好的发展成绩;但在科研资助、平台支持、科技攻关等人才政策方面还存在改进空间,在人才激励、人才评价、学习交流等工作机制方面仍需完善,在工作生活平衡、家庭住房、子女教育等人才服务方面还需提升。最后据此提出相关对策建议。