基于智能电网构建的欧洲可再生能源电力系统现状和前景展望(英文)

可再生能源在欧盟未来的能源框架中扮演着重要角色。到2020年,在欧盟总的能源消耗量中,预期20%将来自可再生能源,并且能效将提高20%。智能电网将是未来电力系统接纳大规模可再生能源发电并网的基石。文中介绍了欧洲的可再生能源开发现状和规划以及能源政策,并讨论了欧盟在智能电网相关技术方面的研发进展。丹麦是欧盟国家中可再生能源使用和相关关键技术研发的领跑者,文中重点以其为例进行介绍和阐述。

Using electricity options to hedge against financial risks of power producers

As a consequence of competition in electricity markets,a wide variety of financial derivatives have emerged to allow market agents to hedge against risks.Electricity options and forward contracts constitute adequate instruments to manage the financial risks pertaining to price volatility or unexpected unit failures faced by power producers.A multi-stage stochastic model is described in this tutorial paper to determine the optimal forward and option contracting decisions for a risk-averse power producer.The key features of electricity options to reduce both price and availability risks are illustrated by using two examples.