Large areas of forest plantations have been developed in China. It is important to evaluate the soil fauna in plantations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of plantations in China...Large areas of forest plantations have been developed in China. It is important to evaluate the soil fauna in plantations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of plantations in China. Three Pinus tabulaeformis forests, a 26-year-old plantation （P26） and a 45-year-old plantation （P45）, exposed to clear-cutting before plantation, and an 80 260-year-old natural forest （N260）, were chosen to study the effects of different forest ages/types on Collembola community in the lifter and soil layers during 2008 and 2009. Soil conditions in P26 and P45 were significantly deteriorated when compared to N260. A higher value of soil bulk density and lower values of soil organic matter, soil N, litter depth, soil pH, and soil water content were observed in P26 and P45. Totally, the same genera of Collembola tended to occur in the forests of all ages studied; however, the Collembola community structure was significantly impacted by the differences in forest age. Both in the litter and soil layers, the density and generic richness of the Collembola were the highest in N260 and the lowest in P26. Some collembolan groups were sensitive to soil conditions in particular forest ages. N260 was associated with relatively high abundance of Plutomus collembolans and P45 with relatively high abundance of Pseudofolsomia collembolans. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community structure of Collembola was mainly affected by forest age in both litter and soil layer. The ordination analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling also found that the Collembola community did not recover to the level of natural forests in 26-year regeneration after clear-cutting. Even in 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting, the Collembola community only showed a slight recovery to the level of natural forests. Our results clearly showed that both Collembola community and soil conditions did not recover in 26- and 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting in P. tabulaeforrnis plantations; however, they might have the potential to recover in the future because the same genera of Collembola were distributed in the plantations and natural forests.展开更多
Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa l.and Lantana involucrata l.are important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas archi-pelago.These two shrubs o...Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa l.and Lantana involucrata l.are important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas archi-pelago.These two shrubs occur in tropical and subtropical dry forests,including forests that have been subjected to recent dis-turbance.Despite their importance to the endangered warbler,the disturbance ecology of these shrubs is poorly understood.We sought to determine,based on functional characteristics of the plants,whether their presence is favored by a particular type or regime of disturbance.Methods We used data from field experiments(seed broadcasting and shrub cutting)conducted on the island of Eleuthera,The bahamas to determine mechanisms of and conditions favoring establishment and persistence(‘vital attributes’)of E.fruticosa and L.involucrata,which enabled categorization according to the plant functional types defined by Noble and slatyer(1980).We then compared hypothesized distributions of these plant functional types among different anthropogenic disturbance regimes to observed distribu-tions of E.fruticosa and L.involucrata in order to identify distur-bance regimes most likely to produce habitat used by Kirtland’s Warblers.Important Findings E.fruticosa and L.involucrata were functionally categorized as widely dispersed but largely shade intolerant species capable of establishing or regenerating individuals after disturbance via both seeds and vegetative mechanisms.both hypothesized and observed distribution patterns indicated the shrubs were favored by a regime of frequent disturbance producing open canopy and ground layers.among the anthropogenic disturbances we examined,areas of large-scale land clearing combined with subsequent goat graz-ing most often supported E.fruticosa and L.involucrata,while the shrubs were relatively rare in burned areas.utilizing the plant functional type framework in combination with field data to evaluate predictions of species occurrence among different disturbances regimes provides a strong theoretical basis for conservation strategies.understanding which disturbance types favor a habitat of concern and the mechanisms by which they do so can aid the prior-itization of areas for protection or the design of habitat management protocols.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Pro-gram of Chinese Academy of Science(No.KSCX2EW-Z-6)the Special Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Nos.2009ZX08012-005B and 2012ZX08011002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31200331)
文摘Large areas of forest plantations have been developed in China. It is important to evaluate the soil fauna in plantations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of plantations in China. Three Pinus tabulaeformis forests, a 26-year-old plantation （P26） and a 45-year-old plantation （P45）, exposed to clear-cutting before plantation, and an 80 260-year-old natural forest （N260）, were chosen to study the effects of different forest ages/types on Collembola community in the lifter and soil layers during 2008 and 2009. Soil conditions in P26 and P45 were significantly deteriorated when compared to N260. A higher value of soil bulk density and lower values of soil organic matter, soil N, litter depth, soil pH, and soil water content were observed in P26 and P45. Totally, the same genera of Collembola tended to occur in the forests of all ages studied; however, the Collembola community structure was significantly impacted by the differences in forest age. Both in the litter and soil layers, the density and generic richness of the Collembola were the highest in N260 and the lowest in P26. Some collembolan groups were sensitive to soil conditions in particular forest ages. N260 was associated with relatively high abundance of Plutomus collembolans and P45 with relatively high abundance of Pseudofolsomia collembolans. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community structure of Collembola was mainly affected by forest age in both litter and soil layer. The ordination analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling also found that the Collembola community did not recover to the level of natural forests in 26-year regeneration after clear-cutting. Even in 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting, the Collembola community only showed a slight recovery to the level of natural forests. Our results clearly showed that both Collembola community and soil conditions did not recover in 26- and 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting in P. tabulaeforrnis plantations; however, they might have the potential to recover in the future because the same genera of Collembola were distributed in the plantations and natural forests.
基金International Programs of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service with grants to The Nature Conservancy and the Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation.
文摘Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa l.and Lantana involucrata l.are important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas archi-pelago.These two shrubs occur in tropical and subtropical dry forests,including forests that have been subjected to recent dis-turbance.Despite their importance to the endangered warbler,the disturbance ecology of these shrubs is poorly understood.We sought to determine,based on functional characteristics of the plants,whether their presence is favored by a particular type or regime of disturbance.Methods We used data from field experiments(seed broadcasting and shrub cutting)conducted on the island of Eleuthera,The bahamas to determine mechanisms of and conditions favoring establishment and persistence(‘vital attributes’)of E.fruticosa and L.involucrata,which enabled categorization according to the plant functional types defined by Noble and slatyer(1980).We then compared hypothesized distributions of these plant functional types among different anthropogenic disturbance regimes to observed distribu-tions of E.fruticosa and L.involucrata in order to identify distur-bance regimes most likely to produce habitat used by Kirtland’s Warblers.Important Findings E.fruticosa and L.involucrata were functionally categorized as widely dispersed but largely shade intolerant species capable of establishing or regenerating individuals after disturbance via both seeds and vegetative mechanisms.both hypothesized and observed distribution patterns indicated the shrubs were favored by a regime of frequent disturbance producing open canopy and ground layers.among the anthropogenic disturbances we examined,areas of large-scale land clearing combined with subsequent goat graz-ing most often supported E.fruticosa and L.involucrata,while the shrubs were relatively rare in burned areas.utilizing the plant functional type framework in combination with field data to evaluate predictions of species occurrence among different disturbances regimes provides a strong theoretical basis for conservation strategies.understanding which disturbance types favor a habitat of concern and the mechanisms by which they do so can aid the prior-itization of areas for protection or the design of habitat management protocols.
