According to the textual research into the historical documents dominated by archives yearly, as well as the verification with several other kinds of data, the later or earlier starting time of the rainy seasons in Yu...According to the textual research into the historical documents dominated by archives yearly, as well as the verification with several other kinds of data, the later or earlier starting time of the rainy seasons in Yunnan during 1711-1982 has been reconstructed. The analysis indicates that there are obvious fluctuations in the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan in a year or years, and long fluctuation on the decadal scale. The rainy season comes earlier in the early 18th century, later in the 19th century and earlier again in the 20th century. This reflects to a certain degree the gradual change of the summer monsoon in Yunnan. There exists an obvious quasi-3 years cycle, which is related to EI-Nino＇s quasi-3 years cycle, and a 11.3-year cycle which is notably related to the 11-year cycle of the solar activity of starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. Meanwhile, the dissertation finds that the EI-Nino is very important to the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. The starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan often comes later or normally in the year of EI-Nino. However, there is an obvious imperfect period in such influence, which in turn may mean that there is a certain fluctuation in the effect of ENSO on Asian summer monsoon.展开更多
What is called ＂the relationship between nature （heaven） and man＂ or between the way of heaven and human affairs has been a focus of concern for over 2,000 years and also a fundamental issue in historical research...What is called ＂the relationship between nature （heaven） and man＂ or between the way of heaven and human affairs has been a focus of concern for over 2,000 years and also a fundamental issue in historical research. Here, we need to give thought to three points. The first is spatial difference, or the great variation in the relationship between man and nature across China＇s vast territory; the second is difference across time, as evolutionary changes in human society give rise to different relationships between man and the environment; and the third is the formation and development of a unitary multi-ethnic Chinese empire and its effect on man-land relationships. The following issues should receive serious attention in future research on environmental history： first, the importance of the regional studies approach in researching these relationships; second, the major role of human factors in their evolution; third, the impact of regional politics on these relationships, in that capital cities tend to suffer most from environmental degradation; and last but not least, the changes in these relationships in the course of modernization and urbanization over the past few decades.展开更多
基金Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-321-3Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China, No.01JAZJD770008
文摘According to the textual research into the historical documents dominated by archives yearly, as well as the verification with several other kinds of data, the later or earlier starting time of the rainy seasons in Yunnan during 1711-1982 has been reconstructed. The analysis indicates that there are obvious fluctuations in the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan in a year or years, and long fluctuation on the decadal scale. The rainy season comes earlier in the early 18th century, later in the 19th century and earlier again in the 20th century. This reflects to a certain degree the gradual change of the summer monsoon in Yunnan. There exists an obvious quasi-3 years cycle, which is related to EI-Nino＇s quasi-3 years cycle, and a 11.3-year cycle which is notably related to the 11-year cycle of the solar activity of starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. Meanwhile, the dissertation finds that the EI-Nino is very important to the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. The starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan often comes later or normally in the year of EI-Nino. However, there is an obvious imperfect period in such influence, which in turn may mean that there is a certain fluctuation in the effect of ENSO on Asian summer monsoon.
文摘What is called ＂the relationship between nature （heaven） and man＂ or between the way of heaven and human affairs has been a focus of concern for over 2,000 years and also a fundamental issue in historical research. Here, we need to give thought to three points. The first is spatial difference, or the great variation in the relationship between man and nature across China＇s vast territory; the second is difference across time, as evolutionary changes in human society give rise to different relationships between man and the environment; and the third is the formation and development of a unitary multi-ethnic Chinese empire and its effect on man-land relationships. The following issues should receive serious attention in future research on environmental history： first, the importance of the regional studies approach in researching these relationships; second, the major role of human factors in their evolution; third, the impact of regional politics on these relationships, in that capital cities tend to suffer most from environmental degradation; and last but not least, the changes in these relationships in the course of modernization and urbanization over the past few decades.
