Tongue cancer is an increasingly common disease with high morbidity,Besides clinical obser-vation,biomedical imaging techniques have been investigated for early detection of tonguecancer.In this paper,we proposed a co...Tongue cancer is an increasingly common disease with high morbidity,Besides clinical obser-vation,biomedical imaging techniques have been investigated for early detection of tonguecancer.In this paper,we proposed a co-registered dual-modality photoacoustic(PA)and ul.trasound imaging technique to simultaneously map the functional and structural information ofhuman tongue,which has the potential to detect and diagnose tongue cancer in early stage,Theimaging probe comprises a 20-MHz side-view focused transducer for ultrasound imaging and PAdetection,a light path constructed by a multimode optical fiber,and a prism for PA illumination.Phantom experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system includingpenetration depth,spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.In vivo imaging of animaltumor and human tongue was carried out to show the feasibility of the proposed technique todetect tumor lesions in human tongue.The results of phantom and in vivo experiments suggestthat the proposed technique has the potential to detect the early-stage cancer lesions in humantongue.展开更多
In this study,we developed a novel photoacoustic imaging technique based on poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated(PEGylated)gold nanorods(PEG-GNRs)(as the contrast agent)combined with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)acupunctur...In this study,we developed a novel photoacoustic imaging technique based on poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated(PEGylated)gold nanorods(PEG-GNRs)(as the contrast agent)combined with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)acupuncture(as the auxiliary method)for quantitatively monitoring contrast enhancement in the vasculature of a mouse brain in vivo.This study takes advantage of the strong near-infrared absorption(peak at700 nm)of GNRs and the ability to adjust the hemodynamics of acupuncture.Experimental results show that photoacoustic tomography(PAT)successfully reveals the optical absorption variation of the vasculature of the mouse brain in response to intravenous administration of GNRs and acupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint(ST36)both individually and combined.The quantitative measurement of contrast enhancement indicates that the composite contrast agents(integration of acupuncture and GNRs)would greatly enhance the photoacoustic imaging contrast.The quantitative results also have the potential to estimate the local concentration of GNRs and even the real-time effects of acupuncture.展开更多
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI)[1,2] provides relatively high spatial and temporal resolution for mapping spontaneous brain activity non-invasively. It has been widely used in cognitive n...Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI)[1,2] provides relatively high spatial and temporal resolution for mapping spontaneous brain activity non-invasively. It has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience and clinical studies. A number of comprehensive software packages have been developed for RS-fMRI data analysis, among which a MATLAB package named REST (RESing-state fMRI data analysis Toolkit, released in October 2008 at http://www.restfmri.net)[3] is the earliest one dedicated to RS-fMRI analysis. REST focuses on RS-fMRI postprocessing metrics.展开更多
Dear Editor,Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria and kill them through the lytic replication cycle.Many studies have reported that phages are more specific to bacteria than antibiotics are;thus,phage therap...Dear Editor,Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria and kill them through the lytic replication cycle.Many studies have reported that phages are more specific to bacteria than antibiotics are;thus,phage therapy has many potential applications in human medicine,with the advantage of having few side effects(Keen,2012).Investigating the mechanisms of bacteria-killing phages will therefore展开更多
Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure...Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure and functional responses,how the structural–functional circuits interact and how genes encode the relationships,to deepen our knowledge of human cognition and disease,are still unclear.Here,we propose a multimodal covariance network(MCN)construction approach to capture interregional covarying of the structural skeleton and transient functional activities for a single individual.We further explored the potential association between brain-wide gene expression patterns and structural–functional covarying in individuals involved in a gambling task and individuals with major depression disorder(MDD),adopting multimodal data from a publicly available human brain transcriptomic atlas and 2 independent cohorts.MCN analysis showed a replicable cortical structural–functional fine map in healthy individuals,and the expression of cognition-and disease phenotype-related genes was found to be spatially correlated with the corresponding MCN differences.Further analysis of cell type-specific signature genes suggests that the excitatory and inhibitory neuron transcriptomic changes could account for most of the observed correlation with task-evoked MCN differences.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network (DMN), s...Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network (DMN), since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.展开更多
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)is a chemotactic cytokine that can bind to its receptor cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)and plays an important role in breast cancer cell metastasis.However,the mol...Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)is a chemotactic cytokine that can bind to its receptor cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)and plays an important role in breast cancer cell metastasis.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MCP-1-induced alterations in cellular functions during tumor progression are poorly understood.Here,we showed that MCP-1 stimulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and induced the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by downregulating E-cadherin,upregulating vimentin and fibronectin,activating matrix metallopeptidase-2(MMP-2),and promoting migration and invasion.Moreover,MCP-1 treatment reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)activity via the MEK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of serine-9 in MCF-7 cells.The inhibition of MEK/ERK by U0126 attenuated the MCP-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3βand decreased the expression of Snail,an EMT-related transcription factor,leading to the inhibition of MCF-7 cell migration and invasion.Inactivation of GSK-3βby LiCl(lithium chloride)treatment notably increased MMP-2 activity,vascular endothelial growth factor expression and EMT of MCF-7 cells.These findings revealed that MCP-1-induced EMT and migration are mediated by the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail pathway,and identified a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.展开更多
A thinner cortex has higher potential for binding GABA receptor A which is associated with larger amplitudes of intrinsic brain activity(i BA). However, the relationship between cortical thickness and i BA is unknown ...A thinner cortex has higher potential for binding GABA receptor A which is associated with larger amplitudes of intrinsic brain activity(i BA). However, the relationship between cortical thickness and i BA is unknown in intact and epileptic brains. To this end, we investigated the relationship between cortical thickness measured by highresolution MRI and surface-based i BA derived from resting-state functional MRI in normal controls(n = 82) andpatients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures(GTCS)only(n = 82). We demonstrated that the spatial distribution of cortical thickness negatively correlated with surface-based i BA amplitude at both whole-brain and within independent brain functional networks. In GTCS patients,spatial coupling between thickness and i BA amplitude decreased in the default mode, dorsal attention, and somatomotor networks. In addition, the vertex-wise acrosssubject thickness–i BA amplitude correspondence altered in the frontal and temporal lobes as well as in the precuneus in GTCS patients. The relationship between these two modalities can serve as a brain-based marker for detecting epileptogenic changes.展开更多
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571722 and 61528401)State International Collaboration Program from Sichuan(2016HH0019)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2015J146)startup grant(A03012023601011)from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
文摘Tongue cancer is an increasingly common disease with high morbidity,Besides clinical obser-vation,biomedical imaging techniques have been investigated for early detection of tonguecancer.In this paper,we proposed a co-registered dual-modality photoacoustic(PA)and ul.trasound imaging technique to simultaneously map the functional and structural information ofhuman tongue,which has the potential to detect and diagnose tongue cancer in early stage,Theimaging probe comprises a 20-MHz side-view focused transducer for ultrasound imaging and PAdetection,a light path constructed by a multimode optical fiber,and a prism for PA illumination.Phantom experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system includingpenetration depth,spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.In vivo imaging of animaltumor and human tongue was carried out to show the feasibility of the proposed technique todetect tumor lesions in human tongue.The results of phantom and in vivo experiments suggestthat the proposed technique has the potential to detect the early-stage cancer lesions in humantongue.
基金The authors are grateful to Y.Tang from CHENGDU University of TCM for theory support of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘In this study,we developed a novel photoacoustic imaging technique based on poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated(PEGylated)gold nanorods(PEG-GNRs)(as the contrast agent)combined with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)acupuncture(as the auxiliary method)for quantitatively monitoring contrast enhancement in the vasculature of a mouse brain in vivo.This study takes advantage of the strong near-infrared absorption(peak at700 nm)of GNRs and the ability to adjust the hemodynamics of acupuncture.Experimental results show that photoacoustic tomography(PAT)successfully reveals the optical absorption variation of the vasculature of the mouse brain in response to intravenous administration of GNRs and acupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint(ST36)both individually and combined.The quantitative measurement of contrast enhancement indicates that the composite contrast agents(integration of acupuncture and GNRs)would greatly enhance the photoacoustic imaging contrast.The quantitative results also have the potential to estimate the local concentration of GNRs and even the real-time effects of acupuncture.
基金supported by Department of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province (2015C03037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81520108016, 81661148045, 61671198, 81671774, 81701776, 81471653)
文摘Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI)[1,2] provides relatively high spatial and temporal resolution for mapping spontaneous brain activity non-invasively. It has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience and clinical studies. A number of comprehensive software packages have been developed for RS-fMRI data analysis, among which a MATLAB package named REST (RESing-state fMRI data analysis Toolkit, released in October 2008 at http://www.restfmri.net)[3] is the earliest one dedicated to RS-fMRI analysis. REST focuses on RS-fMRI postprocessing metrics.
基金supported by the National Nature Scientific Foundation of China(No.61301260)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province(No.2015JY0100 and LZ-LY-45)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Sichuan Province(11ZB122)the Nature Scientific Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2013209105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.ZYGX2015J144,ZYGX2015Z006)Program for the Top Young Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Hebei Province(No.BJ2014028)
文摘Dear Editor,Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria and kill them through the lytic replication cycle.Many studies have reported that phages are more specific to bacteria than antibiotics are;thus,phage therapy has many potential applications in human medicine,with the advantage of having few side effects(Keen,2012).Investigating the mechanisms of bacteria-killing phages will therefore
基金the STI 2030-Major Projects(#2022ZD0208500,#2022ZD02114000,and#2022ZD0208900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#62103085,#61961160705,#U19A2082,and#62006197)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(file no.0045/2019/AFJ)the Key R&D Projects of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(#23ZDYF0961)the Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital(#2021LY21).
文摘Human cognition is usually underpinned by intrinsic structure and functional neural co-activation in spatially distributed brain regions.Owing to lacking an effective approach to quantifying the covarying of structure and functional responses,how the structural–functional circuits interact and how genes encode the relationships,to deepen our knowledge of human cognition and disease,are still unclear.Here,we propose a multimodal covariance network(MCN)construction approach to capture interregional covarying of the structural skeleton and transient functional activities for a single individual.We further explored the potential association between brain-wide gene expression patterns and structural–functional covarying in individuals involved in a gambling task and individuals with major depression disorder(MDD),adopting multimodal data from a publicly available human brain transcriptomic atlas and 2 independent cohorts.MCN analysis showed a replicable cortical structural–functional fine map in healthy individuals,and the expression of cognition-and disease phenotype-related genes was found to be spatially correlated with the corresponding MCN differences.Further analysis of cell type-specific signature genes suggests that the excitatory and inhibitory neuron transcriptomic changes could account for most of the observed correlation with task-evoked MCN differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271484,81471361,30900486,and 81371480)the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China(2012CB517904)the Nation Sponsored Study Abroad Program from China Scholarship Council(201506370095)
文摘Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network (DMN), since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.
基金supported,in part or in its entirety,by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272083,31470906,11502049,81471785 and 31470959)the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Foundation of China(2014JQ0008).
文摘Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)is a chemotactic cytokine that can bind to its receptor cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)and plays an important role in breast cancer cell metastasis.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MCP-1-induced alterations in cellular functions during tumor progression are poorly understood.Here,we showed that MCP-1 stimulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and induced the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by downregulating E-cadherin,upregulating vimentin and fibronectin,activating matrix metallopeptidase-2(MMP-2),and promoting migration and invasion.Moreover,MCP-1 treatment reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)activity via the MEK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of serine-9 in MCF-7 cells.The inhibition of MEK/ERK by U0126 attenuated the MCP-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3βand decreased the expression of Snail,an EMT-related transcription factor,leading to the inhibition of MCF-7 cell migration and invasion.Inactivation of GSK-3βby LiCl(lithium chloride)treatment notably increased MMP-2 activity,vascular endothelial growth factor expression and EMT of MCF-7 cells.These findings revealed that MCP-1-induced EMT and migration are mediated by the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail pathway,and identified a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2015AA020505)the Natural Science Foundation of China(61533006,81201155,81301198,81471653,81401400,81271553,and 81422022)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2013Z004)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M532229)
文摘A thinner cortex has higher potential for binding GABA receptor A which is associated with larger amplitudes of intrinsic brain activity(i BA). However, the relationship between cortical thickness and i BA is unknown in intact and epileptic brains. To this end, we investigated the relationship between cortical thickness measured by highresolution MRI and surface-based i BA derived from resting-state functional MRI in normal controls(n = 82) andpatients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures(GTCS)only(n = 82). We demonstrated that the spatial distribution of cortical thickness negatively correlated with surface-based i BA amplitude at both whole-brain and within independent brain functional networks. In GTCS patients,spatial coupling between thickness and i BA amplitude decreased in the default mode, dorsal attention, and somatomotor networks. In addition, the vertex-wise acrosssubject thickness–i BA amplitude correspondence altered in the frontal and temporal lobes as well as in the precuneus in GTCS patients. The relationship between these two modalities can serve as a brain-based marker for detecting epileptogenic changes.