In a comprehensive literature review,PubMed,Embasem and Web of Science were searched for studies examining targeted therapy of ocular malignant melanomas to present and discuss targeted therapy treatment options of oc...In a comprehensive literature review,PubMed,Embasem and Web of Science were searched for studies examining targeted therapy of ocular malignant melanomas to present and discuss targeted therapy treatment options of ocular tumors,mainly conjunctival and uveal melanoma(UM).Conjunctival malignant melanomas showed similarities in clinical and genetic aspects with cutaneous melanomas.Many therapies with checkpoint inhibitors already established for cutaneous melanomas may be a treatment option for conjunctival malignant melanomas with shared traits.Existing targeted therapies are for example checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab or nivolumab.As a corollary,due to marked differences in clinics and genetics between UMs and conjunctival melanomas(CMs)or cutaneous melanomas,it has remained elusive whether the available possibilities of molecular targeted therapy will be an option for the therapy of metastasizing UMs.Possible novel ways of treating UM are being explored.Fotemustine or the inoculation of dendritic cells with tumorous RNA or sunitinib in combination with cisplatin and or tamoxifen may be used in future to treat UM.While CM are treatable using targeted therapies,UM have not been researched enough to find working targeted therapy options.Further research has to be done in order to find acceptable treatment options.展开更多
A smooth and timely fitting of a visually appealing,custom-made eye prosthesis after the loss of an eye is not only essential from a cosmetic point of view but above all facilitates good social and psychological rehab...A smooth and timely fitting of a visually appealing,custom-made eye prosthesis after the loss of an eye is not only essential from a cosmetic point of view but above all facilitates good social and psychological rehabilitation.Cryolite glass prostheses must be replaced at least once a year,PMMA prostheses polished once a year and renewed every five years.In children,especially in growth phases,the fit of the prosthesis should be checked at least every six months and adjusted,if necessary.Ocularists and ophthalmologists should determine an individual cleaning procedure together with the patient,which depends on both the prosthesis material and external factors.Complications such as allergic,giant papillary,viral,and bacterial conjunctivitis or even blepharoconjunctivitis sicca must be detected and treated at an early stage to avoid discomfort and to maintain the ability of prosthesis wear.In the case of inflammation-induced shrinkage of the conjunctival fornices or post-enucleation socket syndrome,surgical interventions are necessary.In summary,an early supply with an eye prosthesis,adequate treatment of complications,and attention to psychological aspects,form the basis for a successful long-term rehabilitation of anophthalmic patients.展开更多
文摘In a comprehensive literature review,PubMed,Embasem and Web of Science were searched for studies examining targeted therapy of ocular malignant melanomas to present and discuss targeted therapy treatment options of ocular tumors,mainly conjunctival and uveal melanoma(UM).Conjunctival malignant melanomas showed similarities in clinical and genetic aspects with cutaneous melanomas.Many therapies with checkpoint inhibitors already established for cutaneous melanomas may be a treatment option for conjunctival malignant melanomas with shared traits.Existing targeted therapies are for example checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab or nivolumab.As a corollary,due to marked differences in clinics and genetics between UMs and conjunctival melanomas(CMs)or cutaneous melanomas,it has remained elusive whether the available possibilities of molecular targeted therapy will be an option for the therapy of metastasizing UMs.Possible novel ways of treating UM are being explored.Fotemustine or the inoculation of dendritic cells with tumorous RNA or sunitinib in combination with cisplatin and or tamoxifen may be used in future to treat UM.While CM are treatable using targeted therapies,UM have not been researched enough to find working targeted therapy options.Further research has to be done in order to find acceptable treatment options.
文摘A smooth and timely fitting of a visually appealing,custom-made eye prosthesis after the loss of an eye is not only essential from a cosmetic point of view but above all facilitates good social and psychological rehabilitation.Cryolite glass prostheses must be replaced at least once a year,PMMA prostheses polished once a year and renewed every five years.In children,especially in growth phases,the fit of the prosthesis should be checked at least every six months and adjusted,if necessary.Ocularists and ophthalmologists should determine an individual cleaning procedure together with the patient,which depends on both the prosthesis material and external factors.Complications such as allergic,giant papillary,viral,and bacterial conjunctivitis or even blepharoconjunctivitis sicca must be detected and treated at an early stage to avoid discomfort and to maintain the ability of prosthesis wear.In the case of inflammation-induced shrinkage of the conjunctival fornices or post-enucleation socket syndrome,surgical interventions are necessary.In summary,an early supply with an eye prosthesis,adequate treatment of complications,and attention to psychological aspects,form the basis for a successful long-term rehabilitation of anophthalmic patients.
