Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea(YS)and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species.In this paper,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is a...Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea(YS)and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species.In this paper,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS.The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts.The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope.Moreover,external forcings,such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring,have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling.An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer;in contrast,an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling.When the southerly wind in summer increases,the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS.The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region.Furthermore,the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Project under contract No.2017YFC1403400the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1402501+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41806164the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology,Ministry of Natural Resourcesthe Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1406401.
文摘Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea(YS)and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species.In this paper,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS.The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts.The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope.Moreover,external forcings,such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring,have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling.An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer;in contrast,an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling.When the southerly wind in summer increases,the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS.The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region.Furthermore,the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.
