Metagenomics is the study of microbial communities sampled directly from their natural environment, without prior culturing. By enabling an analysis of populations including many （so-far） unculturable and often unkn...Metagenomics is the study of microbial communities sampled directly from their natural environment, without prior culturing. By enabling an analysis of populations including many （so-far） unculturable and often unknown microbes, metagenomics is revolutionizing the field of microbiology, and has excited researchers in many disciplines that could benefit from the study of environmental microbes, including those in ecology, environmental sciences, and biomedicine. Specific computational and statistical tools have been developed for metagenomic data analysis and comparison. New studies, however, have revealed various kinds of artifacts present in metagenomics data caused by limitations in the experimental protocols and/or inadequate data analysis procedures, which often lead to incorrect conclusions about a microbial community. Here, we review some of the artifacts, such as overestimation of species diversity and incorrect estimation of gene family frequencies, and discuss emerging computational approaches to address them. We also review potential challenges that metagenomics may encounter with the extensive application of next-generation sequencing （NGS） techniques.展开更多
基金supported by NIH under Grant No. 1R01HG004908-01NSF of USA under Grant No. DBI-0845685 (YY)the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for the Community Cyberinfrastructure for Marine Microbial Ecological Research and Analysis (CAMERA) Project (JW)
文摘Metagenomics is the study of microbial communities sampled directly from their natural environment, without prior culturing. By enabling an analysis of populations including many （so-far） unculturable and often unknown microbes, metagenomics is revolutionizing the field of microbiology, and has excited researchers in many disciplines that could benefit from the study of environmental microbes, including those in ecology, environmental sciences, and biomedicine. Specific computational and statistical tools have been developed for metagenomic data analysis and comparison. New studies, however, have revealed various kinds of artifacts present in metagenomics data caused by limitations in the experimental protocols and/or inadequate data analysis procedures, which often lead to incorrect conclusions about a microbial community. Here, we review some of the artifacts, such as overestimation of species diversity and incorrect estimation of gene family frequencies, and discuss emerging computational approaches to address them. We also review potential challenges that metagenomics may encounter with the extensive application of next-generation sequencing （NGS） techniques.
