The Growth Logic of Modern States——On the History of Western Political Thoughts

As a modern concept,the word "state"dates from Europe of the 16th century and matures at the end of the 18th century.The concept of state is accompanied by the concept of sovereignty; if there is no sovereignty,there is no state at all.This paper studies the key writers in the history of the western political thoughts in modern times.It can be concluded that constitutional democracy is the result of seeking balance between"being governed"and"being non- oppressed".On the one hand,it ensures that sovereignty will not be threatened,and on the other hand,it avoids centralization of authority.

Measurement and Decomposition of the Promoting Factors on China’s Rural Anti-Poverty Performance:1978-2014

By using China Yearbook of Household Survey and CHIPS’we measure,decompose,and test the pushing factors of rural anti-poverty’s performance.We find that the rural poverty rate fell,which benefited from the endogenous reform of land policy from 1978 to 1985,and from 1986 to 1993,China’s rural poverty rate was still falling rapidly,when economic growth played a leading role,but the marginal revenue was falling.Although rural areas had implemented development-oriented poverty relief and social relief during the period from 1994 to 2000,the poverty rate decline was not large,because negative effects from redistribution offset the contribution from economic growth.China’s rural poverty rate was rising slightly from 2001 to 2014,because the positive contribution from economic growth was falling and the effects from income distribution originated from poverty reduction aiming mechanism were low,which led to a falling composite contribution rate.Throughout the 30 years’strategy and path of anti-poverty,we find that economic growth has been playing the dominant role,and as the poverty rate and poverty gap rebound,the contribution from income distribution and redistribution in reducing poverty will rise.The government should increase investment in rural public products and public services to optimize the path and strategy of rural anti-poverty.

Can Migrant Farmers Really Be Integrated Into Urban Life?

Recently,China has experienced a noteworthy phenomenon among migrant workers characterized by them being"moving but not settled down,settled down butexcluded".This is due to their"intrinsic citizenship"lagging behind their"extrinsic citizenship".In a normal state,however,"intrinsic citizenship"should proceed insynchronization with"extrinsic citizenship".In reality,"intrinsic citizenship"is manifested as the positioning and recognition of one’s self-identity role.By carryingout a multinomial logistic regression analysis of migrant workers self-identity role,we nd that"intrinsic citizenship"lags behind"extrinsic citizenship"primarily dueto differences in migrant farmers’education,age and marital status.The most fundamental reason for this is that migrant farmers cannot acquire the same basic civilrights of regular citizens,including basic social security rights.In other words,migrant farmers are deprived of their basic civil rights to which citizens are entitled.In light of an in-depth analysis of this phenomenon,and based on the conclusions reached,this article puts forward recommendations for speeding up the process formigrant farmers to acquire social security rights and accelerate their citizenship process.