Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Despeckling in Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transformed Ultrasound Pictures

Signal to noise ratio in ultrasound medical images captured through the digital camera is poorer,resulting in an inaccurate diagnosis.As a result,it needs an efficient despeckling method for ultrasound images in clinical practice and tel-emedicine.This article proposes a novel adaptive fuzzyfilter based on the direc-tionality and translation invariant property of the Non-Sub sampled Contour-let Transform(NSCT).Since speckle-noise causes fuzziness in ultrasound images,fuzzy logic may be a straightforward technique to derive the output from the noisy images.Thisfiltering method comprises detection andfiltering stages.First,image regions classify at the detection stage by applying fuzzy inference to the directional difference obtained from the NSCT noisy image.Then,the system adaptively selects the better-suitedfilter for the specific image region,resulting in significant speckle noise suppression and retention of detailed features.The suggested approach uses a weighted averagefilter to distinguish between noise and edges at thefiltering stage.In addition,we apply a structural similarity mea-sure as a tuning parameter depending on the kind of noise in the ultrasound pic-tures.The proposed methodology shows that the proposed fuzzy adaptivefilter effectively suppresses speckle noise while preserving edges and image detailed structures compared to existing approaches.

An Efficient Hybrid PAPR Reduction for 5G NOMA-FBMC Waveforms

The article introduces Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)and Filter Bank Multicarrier(FBMC),known as hybrid waveform(NOMAFBMC),as two of the most deserving contenders for fifth-generation(5G)network.High spectrum access and clampdown of spectrum outflow are unique characteristics of hybrid NOMA-FBMC.We compare the spectral efficiency of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),FBMC,NOMA,and NOMA-FBMC.It is seen that the hybrid waveform outperforms the existing waveforms.Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)is regarded as a significant issue in multicarrier waveforms.The combination of Selective Mapping-Partial Transmit Sequence(SLM-PTS)is an effective way to minimize large peak power inclination.The SLM,PTS,and SLM-PTS procedures are applied to the NOMA-FBMC waveform.This hybrid structure is applied to the existing waveforms.Further,the correlated factors like Bit Error Rate(BER)and Computational Overhead(CO)are studied and computed for these waveforms.The outcome of the work reveals that the NOMA-FBMC waveform coupled with the SLM-PTS algorithm offers superior performance as compared to the prevailing systems.

Brain Tumor:Hybrid Feature Extraction Based on UNet and 3DCNN

Automated segmentation of brain tumors using Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)data is critical in the analysis and monitoring of disease development.As a result,gliomas are aggressive and diverse tumors that may be split into intra-tumoral groups by using effective and accurate segmentation methods.It is intended to extract characteristics from an image using the Gray Level Co-occurrence(GLC)matrix feature extraction method described in the proposed work.Using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),which are commonly used in biomedical image segmentation,CNNs have significantly improved the precision of the state-of-the-art segmentation of a brain tumor.Using two segmentation networks,a U-Net and a 3D CNN,we present a major yet easy combinative technique that results in improved and more precise estimates.The U-Net and 3D CNN are used together in this study to get better and more accurate estimates of what is going on.Using the dataset,two models were developed and assessed to provide segmentation maps that differed fundamentally in terms of the segmented tumour sub-region.Then,the estimates was made by two separate models that were put together to produce the final prediction.In comparison to current state-of-the-art designs,the precision(percentage)was 98.35,98.5,and 99.4 on the validation set for tumor core,enhanced tumor,and whole tumor,respectively.