The use of catalysts has significantly enhanced the yield and quality of in-situ pyrolysis products.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding pyrolysis approaches that utilize several low-cost natural catalys...The use of catalysts has significantly enhanced the yield and quality of in-situ pyrolysis products.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding pyrolysis approaches that utilize several low-cost natural catalysts(LCC)and their placement within the reactor.Therefore,this study aims to examine the effects of various LCC on the insitu pyrolysis of spirulina platensis microalgae(SPM)and investigate the impact of different types of catalysts.We employed LCCsuch as zeolite,dolomite,kaolin,and activated carbon,with both layered and uniformlymixed LCCSPM placements.Each experiment was conducted at a constant temperature of 500℃for 60 min.The resulting pyrolytic liquids(bio-oil)and syngas were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analyzer to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon compounds.The experimental results indicated that the presence of catalysts significantly influenced the mass yield productivity of liquid fuels and syngas.Activated carbon and zeolite were preferred among the four catalysts for producing liquid fuels(22.4 and 18.6 wt%)when layered and uniformly mixed,respectively.Kaolin with a layered mixture with SPM was more suitable for the production of light fractions(C_(5)–C_(12)),achieving approximately 95.7%peak area,while zeolite with a uniform mixture produced the highest light fraction at about 86.3%peak area.All catalysts except kaolin significantly increased the aromatic compounds in the liquid fuels.Although the amount of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the bio-oil remained relatively high,the final hydrocarbon composition was highly comparable to conventional fuels such as gasoline-88,which has a C_(5)–C_(12)hydrocarbon distribution of approximately 88.1%peak area.Regarding the syngas products,all catalysts except activated carbon successfully converted nitromethane compounds into tetranitromethane hydrocarbons,with activated carbon predominantly yielding nitromethane compounds.展开更多
文摘The use of catalysts has significantly enhanced the yield and quality of in-situ pyrolysis products.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding pyrolysis approaches that utilize several low-cost natural catalysts(LCC)and their placement within the reactor.Therefore,this study aims to examine the effects of various LCC on the insitu pyrolysis of spirulina platensis microalgae(SPM)and investigate the impact of different types of catalysts.We employed LCCsuch as zeolite,dolomite,kaolin,and activated carbon,with both layered and uniformlymixed LCCSPM placements.Each experiment was conducted at a constant temperature of 500℃for 60 min.The resulting pyrolytic liquids(bio-oil)and syngas were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analyzer to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon compounds.The experimental results indicated that the presence of catalysts significantly influenced the mass yield productivity of liquid fuels and syngas.Activated carbon and zeolite were preferred among the four catalysts for producing liquid fuels(22.4 and 18.6 wt%)when layered and uniformly mixed,respectively.Kaolin with a layered mixture with SPM was more suitable for the production of light fractions(C_(5)–C_(12)),achieving approximately 95.7%peak area,while zeolite with a uniform mixture produced the highest light fraction at about 86.3%peak area.All catalysts except kaolin significantly increased the aromatic compounds in the liquid fuels.Although the amount of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the bio-oil remained relatively high,the final hydrocarbon composition was highly comparable to conventional fuels such as gasoline-88,which has a C_(5)–C_(12)hydrocarbon distribution of approximately 88.1%peak area.Regarding the syngas products,all catalysts except activated carbon successfully converted nitromethane compounds into tetranitromethane hydrocarbons,with activated carbon predominantly yielding nitromethane compounds.
