Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model inc...Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model including factors that are associated with the sub-domain. However, using the summation score ignores the influence of individual questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) can account for the influence of each question’s score by compositing a latent variable from each question of a sub-domain. The objective of this study is to determine whether a conventional approach such as GLM, with its use of the summation score, is valid from the standpoint of the SEM approach. Method: We used the Japanese version of the Maugeri Foundation Respiratory Failure Questionnaire, a QOL measure, on 94 patients with heart failure. The daily activity sub-domain of the questionnaire was selected together with its four accompanying factors, namely, living together, occupation, gender, and the New York Heart Association’s cardiac function scale (NYHA). The association level between individual factors and the daily activity sub-domain was estimated using SEM?and GLM, respectively. The standard partial regression coefficients of GLM and standardized path coefficients of SEM were compared. If?these coefficients were similar (absolute value of the difference -0.06 and -0.07 for the GLM and SEM. Likewise, the estimates of occupation, gender, and NYHA were -0.18 and -0.20, -0.08 and -0.08, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. The absolute values of the difference for each factor were 0.01, 0.02, 0.00, and 0.03, respectively. All differences were less than 0.05. This means that these two approaches lead to similar conclusions. Conclusion: GLM is a valid method for exploring association factors with a domain in QOL.展开更多
Binary logistic regression models are commonly used to assess the association between outcomes and covariates. Many covariates are inherently continuous, and have a variety of distributions, including those that are h...Binary logistic regression models are commonly used to assess the association between outcomes and covariates. Many covariates are inherently continuous, and have a variety of distributions, including those that are heavily skewed to the left or right. Existing theoretical formulas, criteria, and simulation programs cannot accurately estimate the sample size and power of non-standard distributions. Therefore, we have developed a simulation program that uses Monte Carlo methods to estimate the exact power of a binary logistic regression model. This power calculation can be used for distributions of any shape and covariates of any type (continuous, ordinal, and nominal), and can account for nonlinear relationships between covariates and outcomes. For illustrative purposes, this simulation program is applied to real data obtained from a study on the influence of smoking on 90-day outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke. Our program is applicable to all effect sizes and makes it possible to apply various statistical methods, logistic regression and related simulations such as Bayesian inference with some modifications.展开更多
文摘Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model including factors that are associated with the sub-domain. However, using the summation score ignores the influence of individual questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) can account for the influence of each question’s score by compositing a latent variable from each question of a sub-domain. The objective of this study is to determine whether a conventional approach such as GLM, with its use of the summation score, is valid from the standpoint of the SEM approach. Method: We used the Japanese version of the Maugeri Foundation Respiratory Failure Questionnaire, a QOL measure, on 94 patients with heart failure. The daily activity sub-domain of the questionnaire was selected together with its four accompanying factors, namely, living together, occupation, gender, and the New York Heart Association’s cardiac function scale (NYHA). The association level between individual factors and the daily activity sub-domain was estimated using SEM?and GLM, respectively. The standard partial regression coefficients of GLM and standardized path coefficients of SEM were compared. If?these coefficients were similar (absolute value of the difference -0.06 and -0.07 for the GLM and SEM. Likewise, the estimates of occupation, gender, and NYHA were -0.18 and -0.20, -0.08 and -0.08, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. The absolute values of the difference for each factor were 0.01, 0.02, 0.00, and 0.03, respectively. All differences were less than 0.05. This means that these two approaches lead to similar conclusions. Conclusion: GLM is a valid method for exploring association factors with a domain in QOL.
文摘Binary logistic regression models are commonly used to assess the association between outcomes and covariates. Many covariates are inherently continuous, and have a variety of distributions, including those that are heavily skewed to the left or right. Existing theoretical formulas, criteria, and simulation programs cannot accurately estimate the sample size and power of non-standard distributions. Therefore, we have developed a simulation program that uses Monte Carlo methods to estimate the exact power of a binary logistic regression model. This power calculation can be used for distributions of any shape and covariates of any type (continuous, ordinal, and nominal), and can account for nonlinear relationships between covariates and outcomes. For illustrative purposes, this simulation program is applied to real data obtained from a study on the influence of smoking on 90-day outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke. Our program is applicable to all effect sizes and makes it possible to apply various statistical methods, logistic regression and related simulations such as Bayesian inference with some modifications.