Ganoderma lucidum spore oil enhances the effect of paclitaxel,improves the tolerance to paclitaxel and prolongs the survival in Lewis tumor-bearing mice

Purpose:This study aims to investigate whether Ganoderma lucidum spore oil(GLSO)could enhance the effect of paclitaxel(PTX),improve the tolerance to PTX and prolong the overall survival of Lewis tumor-bearing mice,which has never been reported before.Methods:The tumor,spleen,and thymus were weighed at the end of the experiment.Whole blood was collected for hematological index analysis,and the intact femur was removed to determine the bone marrow nucleated cell count(BMN).The percentage of lymphocytes in the spleen of mice was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of NK cells was detected by LDH assay,and the proliferation index of lymphocytes was determined by CCK-8 assay.The overall and mean survival time and life extension rate were calculated using SPSS software.Results:Our data showed that GLSO could enhance the anti-tumor effect of PTX and prolong the survival of mice.The underlying mechanisms of the above effects might be related to the toxic reduction effect of GLSO by relieving hematotoxicity,myelosuppression and immunosuppression.Specifically,GLSO could increase the number of blood cells and bone marrow cells,alleviate the thymic index,and elevate the number and activity of NK cells in mice treated with PTX.Conclusion:GLSO may enhance the efficacy of PTX by boosting the activity of immune NK cells and prolong survival by counteracting PTX-induced bone marrow alterations and improving hematopoiesis.These findings suggested the promising role of GLSO in combination with PTX to extend the survival and increase the tolerance of patients in clinical chemotherapy of lung cancer.

Impact of Lithium-Ion Coordination on Lithium Electrodeposition

The lithium dendrite and parasitic reactions are two major challenges for lithium(Li)metal anode—the most promising anode materials for high-energy-density batteries.In this work,both the dendrite and parasitic reactions that occurred between the liquid electrolyte and Li-metal anode could be largely inhibited by regulating the Li+-solvation structure.The saturated Li+-solvation species exist in commonly used LiPF 6 liquid electrolyte that needs extra energy to desolvation during Li-electrodeposition.Partial solvation induced high-energy state Li-ions would be more energy favorable during the electron-reduction process,dominating the competition with solvent reduction reactions.The Li-symmetric cells that are cycling at higher temperatures show better performance;the cycled lithium metal anode with metallic lustre and the dendrite-free surface is observed.Theoretical calculation and experimental measurements reveal the existence of high-energy state Li+-solvates species,and their concentration increases with temperature.This study provides insight into the Li+-solvation structure and its electrodeposition characteristics.

Design and characterization of a bifunctional bybrid antibacterial peptide LLH for bactericidal/endotoxin neutralization effects

Objective:To design a bi-functional antimicrobial peptide with bactericidal and endotoxin neutralization activity,and explore its bactericidal properties.Methods:The LBP(86-99)peptides and HLF(1-11)peptides were connected by a GGGS flexible 4-peptide linker to obtain the bi-functional antimicrobial peptide,which was named LLH.The secondary structure characteristics of LLH were analyzed by Emboss software.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of LLH against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and DH5αwere determined by the microtiter broth dilution method.The bactericidal kinetics of LLH was characterized and its effect on endotoxin neutralization was determined.The hemolysis of LLH was evaluated.Results:LLH carried a positive charge of+9,exhibitedβ-folding andβ-corner structure,and had strong hydrophobicity.The MIC of LLH against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and DH5αwas 4μM,and the MBC of LLH against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and DH5αwas 8 and 4μM,respectively.LLH showed rapid bactericidal effects and significantly neutralized the endotoxin released in the sterilization process as well as reducing release of endotoxin.LLH showed no significant hemolysis at concentrations up to 400μg/mL.Conclusion:LLH produces dual effects of rapid sterilization and endotoxin neutralization,and does not induce significant hemolysis.

Chlorogenic acid modulates glucose and lipid metabolisms via AMPK activation in HepG2 cells and shows its anti-hyperglycemic effect on streptozocin-induced diabetic mice

Objective:In this study,we focus on the hypoglycemic effects of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism base on regulate glucose and lipid metabolism via AMPK activation.Methods:The cytotoxicity,glucose consumption and intracellular triglyceride assay were been detected by commercial kits.The western blots were used to detection the associated protein levels after CGA treatment,and the inhibiter blocking experiments were also be done.In vivo experiment,the fasting blood-glucose,lipid metabolism,liver function,insulin resistance,glucose tolerance,and pathological change were assessed on streptozocin induced diabetic mice.Results:We found that CGA exhibited no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 100μM,it caused a significant increasing of glucose consumption and reducing of the PA-BSA induced intracellular TG level on HepG2 cells at 50μM and 100μM treatment,CGA exhibited up-regulating the level of p-AMPK(Thr172)and p-ACC(Ser79)in dose-dependent manners in vitro and in vivo.The stimulating activities of CGA on AMPK were completely blocked by compound c(CC)on HepG2 cells.And the efficacies of CGA on glucose consumption and intracellular TG accumulation were also completely blocked by CC pretreatment.The CGA also exhibited potent anti-diabetic effects with hypoglycemic activity,improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance,regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and protect the liver function in vivo.Conclusion:Our results suggested that CGA can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism by AMPK activation,and exhibit potent anti-hyperglycemic effect in streptozocin induced diabetes mice,and may be used as a potential effective anti-diabetes drug.

An unexpected stereochemical effect of thio-substituted Asp in native chemical ligation

This study presents an unexpected finding that the cis isomer of β-thio-Asp exhibits higher ligation ac-tivity than the trans isomer.This discovery sheds light on the intricate nature of native chemical ligation and highlights the importance of factors beyond the steric effects of the side chain in modulating ligation activity.

Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Oil enhances the effect of cyclophosphamide via inhibiting programmed death-1 and prolongs the survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Oil(GLSO)on the tumor growth and survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with cyclophosphamide(CTX),and explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Allograft H22 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model was applied to investigate the effect of GLSO on the tumor growth and survival of animals,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the life span.Plasma biochemical examination was used to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),urea(UREA)and creatinine(CRE).Western blot analysis was performed to detect Programmed Death-1(PD-1),Programmed Death Ligand 1(PD-L1),Janus Kinase 2(JAK2),phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(p-STAT3),and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3)expression.RESULTS:GLSO increased the anti-tumor effect of CTX and prolonged the survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX.Meanwhile,GLSO increased the thymus index and showed no obvious toxicity to liver functions of animals.GLSO also decreased the level of UREA in H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX.Furthermore,GLSO could inhibit the expression of PD-1 in spleen,which was independent of JAK2 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation.However,GLSO did not affect the expression of PD-L1,JAK2,and p-STAT3 in tumor tissue.CONCLUSION:GLSO could strengthen the anti-tumor effect of CTX and prolong the life span of H22 tumorbearing mice,while the underlying mechanism might be relevant to the amelioration effect of thymus function and inhibition of PD-1 expression in spleen.Furthermore,these findings implied the promising role of GLSO in combination with CTX to extend the survival of patients in clinical chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

An optimal medicinal and edible Chinese herbal formula attenuates particulate matter-induced lung injury through its anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activities

Objective:Identifying novel strategies to prevent particulate matter(PM)-induced lung injury is crucial for the reduction of the morbidity of chronic respiratory diseases.The combined intervention represented by herbal formulae for simultaneously targeting multiple pathological processes can provide a more beneficial effect than the single intervention.The aim of this paper is therefore to design a safe and effective medicinal and edible Chinese herbs(MECHs)formula against PM-induced lung injury.Methods:PM-induced oxidative stress,inflammatory response and apoptosis A549 cell model were used to screen anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic MECHs,respectively.A network pharmacology method was utilized to rationally design a novel herbal formula.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was utilized to assess the quality control of MECHs formula.The excretion of magnetic iron oxide nanospheres of the MECHs formula was estimated in zebrafish.The MECH formula against PM-induced lung injury was investigated with mice experiments.Results:Five selected herbs were rationally designed to form a new MECH formula,including Citri Exocarpium Rubrum(Juhong),Lablab Semen Album(Baibiandou),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Mori Folium(Sangye)and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(Yuzhu).The formula effectively promoted the magnetic iron oxide nanospheres excretion in zebrafish.The mid/high dose formula significantly prevented PM-induced lung damage in mice by enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px,reducing the MDA and ROS level and attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1βand TNFa),down regulating the protein expression of NF-κB,STAT3 and Caspase-3.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the effective MECHs formula will become a novel strategy for preventing PM-induced lung injury and provide a paradigm for the development of functional foods using MECHs.