Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two majo...Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two major types,tuberculoid and lepromatous.Patients with tuberculoid leprosy(TLEP)have limited disease with relatively few bacteria in the skin and nerves and can successfully control the infection.展开更多
HumanγδT cells are a small CD3+subset exhibiting features of both innate and adaptive immune cell.1 The majorγδT cell population in peripheral blood expresses the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains and recognizes phosphoantigen...HumanγδT cells are a small CD3+subset exhibiting features of both innate and adaptive immune cell.1 The majorγδT cell population in peripheral blood expresses the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains and recognizes phosphoantigens(PAgs)that are overexpressed by tumor cells in the absence of genetic restriction.Activation and expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is also achieved by aminobisphosphonates(n-BPs),which promote the intracellular accumulation of PAgs.Because of their potent cytotoxic and antitumor activity,Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are particularly indicated for use in cancer immunotherapy,even against tumors with low mutational burdens.展开更多
The development of an effective prophylactic tuberculosis(TB)vaccine has been the most targeted objective in TB research since the currently used Bacillus Calmette–Guerin(BCG)vaccine is effective only against primary...The development of an effective prophylactic tuberculosis(TB)vaccine has been the most targeted objective in TB research since the currently used Bacillus Calmette–Guerin(BCG)vaccine is effective only against primary childhood disease but not against the most common form,pulmonary disease.For the past approximately five decades,protective immunity was considered to be mediated by T cells,but the resulting extensive testing of cellular subsets(i.e.,CD4,CD8,Th1/2,γδ,and Treg cells)and their cytokine products failed to identify a reliable test that correlated with protection following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)or vaccination.展开更多
Theγδcells are a unique population of T lymphocytes that combine innate-like features and adaptive-type responses and play an important role in the early host response to infections and malignancies.Different fromα...Theγδcells are a unique population of T lymphocytes that combine innate-like features and adaptive-type responses and play an important role in the early host response to infections and malignancies.Different fromαβT cells,γδT cells recognize a limited set of antigens,which are shared by a variety of microbial pathogens and tumor cells in a non-MHC restricted manner;1 thus,these cells use the TCR in a manner similar to a pattern recognition receptor(PRR).Moreover,whereasαβT cells require antigen-and cytokine-driven clonal expansion,γδT cells are equipped with immediate effector functions.1 However,the potentialγδrepertoire with junctional diversity is estimated at∼10^(18),which is much greater than theαβrepertoire(∼10^(16)),thus raising questions concerning the forces governing the selection of such a huge TCR repertoire during ontogeny and whether and how theγδTCR repertoire is shaped under physiological and pathological conditions.展开更多
基金This research was supported by institutional funds from the University of Palermo.
文摘Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two major types,tuberculoid and lepromatous.Patients with tuberculoid leprosy(TLEP)have limited disease with relatively few bacteria in the skin and nerves and can successfully control the infection.
基金This research was supported by funds from the Italian Ministry of Health(Grant No.GR 2016-02364931 to SM)from the Ministry of Education and Research(PRIN 2017-2017M8YMR8_001 to FD).
文摘HumanγδT cells are a small CD3+subset exhibiting features of both innate and adaptive immune cell.1 The majorγδT cell population in peripheral blood expresses the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains and recognizes phosphoantigens(PAgs)that are overexpressed by tumor cells in the absence of genetic restriction.Activation and expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is also achieved by aminobisphosphonates(n-BPs),which promote the intracellular accumulation of PAgs.Because of their potent cytotoxic and antitumor activity,Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are particularly indicated for use in cancer immunotherapy,even against tumors with low mutational burdens.
基金This research was supported by institutional funds from the University of Palermo.
文摘The development of an effective prophylactic tuberculosis(TB)vaccine has been the most targeted objective in TB research since the currently used Bacillus Calmette–Guerin(BCG)vaccine is effective only against primary childhood disease but not against the most common form,pulmonary disease.For the past approximately five decades,protective immunity was considered to be mediated by T cells,but the resulting extensive testing of cellular subsets(i.e.,CD4,CD8,Th1/2,γδ,and Treg cells)and their cytokine products failed to identify a reliable test that correlated with protection following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)or vaccination.
文摘Theγδcells are a unique population of T lymphocytes that combine innate-like features and adaptive-type responses and play an important role in the early host response to infections and malignancies.Different fromαβT cells,γδT cells recognize a limited set of antigens,which are shared by a variety of microbial pathogens and tumor cells in a non-MHC restricted manner;1 thus,these cells use the TCR in a manner similar to a pattern recognition receptor(PRR).Moreover,whereasαβT cells require antigen-and cytokine-driven clonal expansion,γδT cells are equipped with immediate effector functions.1 However,the potentialγδrepertoire with junctional diversity is estimated at∼10^(18),which is much greater than theαβrepertoire(∼10^(16)),thus raising questions concerning the forces governing the selection of such a huge TCR repertoire during ontogeny and whether and how theγδTCR repertoire is shaped under physiological and pathological conditions.
