Building an EAP Assessment Framework for Chinese EFL Learners of Finance and Economics Majors at University Level

In the context of offering localized and specified English for Academic Purposes(EAP)courses for university level Chinese EFL learners,this article explores the issues of EAP assessment for finance and economics majors.Firstly,the study attempts to define the construct of EAP assessment for Chinese EFL learners of finance and economics majors at university level based on prior research literature on EAP assessment models and multiple stakeholders’needs on EAP skills in universities of finance and economics.Assessment standards of academic English for finance and economics purposes,then,are discussed by adopting IELTS Academic testing framework in line with localized course syllabus.Finally,an EAP assessment framework for Chinese EFL learners of finance and economics majors is proposed in an attempt to develop localized and university-specific assessment framework to generate effective feedback to EAP courses and bring about positive wash-back for EAP learners of finance and economics majors in university level.

Impacts of information about COVID-19 on pig farmers'production willingness and behavior:Evidence from China

This paper examines the impacts of information about COVID-19 on pig farmers'production willingness by using endorsement experiments and follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 in China.Our results show that,first,farmers were less willing to scale up production when they received information about COVID-19.The information in 2020 that the second wave of COVID-19 might occur without a vaccine reduced farmers'willingness to scale up by 13.4%,while the information in 2021 that COVID-19 might continue to spread despite the introduction of vaccine reduced farmers'willingness by 4.4%.Second,farmers whose production was affected by COVID-19 were considerably less willing to scale up,given the access to COVID-19 information.Third,farmers'production willingness can predict their actual production behavior.

The Impact of Digital Finance on High-Quality Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

This paper developed a comprehensive evaluation system that was able to quantify the levels of high-quality development across the cities within the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and investigate the impact that digital finance had on the cities’high-quality development and the underlying mechanisms through which it achieved this.This comprehensive evaluation system was constructed using statistical data from these cities for the period 2014 to 2020 while also taking China’s high-quality development philosophy into account.The key findings revealed that:(a)Digital finance was able to significantly promote high-quality development in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle;(b)Digital finance had a significant positive effect in promoting innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development;(c)Digital finance was able to stimulate the high-quality development in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle by boosting entrepreneurial dynamism;(d)Digital finance had a significant impact on the high-quality development of the axis areas,while its impact was less discernible in non-axis areas.The insights from this research offer a deeper understanding of the factors that drive high-quality development,the role digital finance plays,and the mechanisms through which digital finance is able to propel high-quality development at the city cluster scale.

The Exorbitant Privilege of US Treasuries and China's Choices in the New

After the decoupling of the US dollar from gold in 1971,US Treasuries replaced gold as the value benchmark of the international monetary system and acquired an exorbitant privilege.Subsequently,the total amount of US debt exhibited an exponential expansion trend,unbound by any substantial constraints.The so-called debt ceiling is a partisan game rather than a rigid fiscal constraint on the United States.As long as there are no fundamental changes in the global monetary system,the international credit of US Treasuries will stay stable,and their trend of infinite expansion will be sustained.Massive quantitative easing policies have failed to significantly shake this stability,and the notion of global investors offloading US Treasuries is more an illusion than a fact.The exorbitant privilege of US Treasuries grants its federal government the“freedom to borrow,”shielding the American financial sector from due penalties during global financial crises and securing excessive returns in global capital cycles.In the old days when running“twin surpluses”on capital and current accounts,China kept the value of Renminbi low to support its export manufacturing sector along the southeast coast.As a result,China accumulated huge foreign exchange reserves,mainly US Treasuries.Nowadays,this practice is no longer necessary,yielding low returns and posing significant security risks.

Probability Distribution of China Aviation Network Average Degree of Edge Vertices and Its Evolutionary Trace Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the probability distribution and evolution trace of average degree of edge vertices of China aviation network were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015. According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network. Based on the statistical data, the average degrees of edge vertices in China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 were calculated. Using the probability statistical analysis method and regression analysis approach, it was found that the average degree of edge vertices had the probability distribution of normal function and the position parameters and scale parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.

Non-Symmetry of China’s and US Monetary Policy Spillovers:Theoretical Modelling and Empirical Analysis

This study develops a structural vector autoregression(SVAR)framework to empirically examine the reciprocal transmission channels of monetary policies between China and the United States.The primary objective is to discern potential disparities in the spillover effects of monetary policies and ascertain any contrasting mechanisms underlying these effects across the two countries.Based on our research,it appears that there exists a certain level of non-symmetry in the spillover effects of monetary policy between the two countries.Moreover,this paper provides adequate analysis of disparities in the trade framework,capital control,and financial market operations of both countries in constructing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE)model that incorporates financial frictions for the examination of the theoretical rationale.The empirical findings indicate that China’s monetary policy creates a spillover effect primarily through trade.In China,following an increase in its interest rates,the domestic economic activity will experience a contraction,leading to a decline in both investment and output.Consequently,this will result in a decrease in China’s imports of investment goods from the United States,impacting the output of the US economy.In contrast,the US monetary policy exerts a spillover effect primarily through finance.An increase in interest rates by the United States is associated with a notable outflow of capital from China.This leads to a rise in the financing costs for Chinese firms,consequently diminishing their overall net worth.In light of the financial accelerator effect,corporate external financing risk premium will continue to increase,exacerbating the downward trajectory of China’s output.

Nonlinear Relationship and Its Evolutionary Trace between Node Degree and Nearest Neighbor Average Degree of China Aviation Network Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the relationship between the node degree and the nearest neighbor average degree and its evolution trace of China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 were studied. According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the airline as the edge of the network. According to the statistical data, the node nearest neighbor average degree of China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 was calculated. Through regression analysis, it was found that the node degree had a negative exponential relationship with the nearest neighbor average degree, and the two parameters of the negative exponential relationship had linear evolution trace.

Probability Distribution of China Aviation Network Nearest Neighbor Average Degree and Its Evolutionary Trace Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network,the probability distribution and evolution trace of node nearest neighbor average degree of China aviation network were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015.According to the theory and method of complex network,the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network.Based on the statistical data,the nearest neighbor average degrees of nodes in China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 were calculated.Using the probability statistical analysis method,it was found that the nearest neighbor average degree had the probability distribution of normal function and the position parameters and scale parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.

The Status Quo and Developing Trend Analysis of Global Carbon Finance

This paper gives a systematic view of the new trends of global carbon finance innovation under the challenge of global climate change and in the process of transition to achieve economic growth from "high carbon" to 'low carbon",covering the following aspects:the structure,status quo and developing trend of global carbon market.The paper discusses the innovation in financial organization and service systems and governments' overall guidance and policy support,and draws the conclusion that the world is undergoing massive changes with governments actively responding to carbon finance to embrace the tremendous opportunities for clean energy and climate change in financial industry.To seize the opportunity,a complete and overall carbon finance system of China should be put in the top of the agenda.Given the current tasks of energy conservation and pollution reduction and the growing demand for capital input,China needs to construct an clear of policy guidance,a diversified financia service system,and a multi-approach carbon finance system to intensify and widen the participation of financial industry,to expand financing channels for sustainable economy and spread risks,and finally,work out an inexpensive solution to the realization of China's low carbon target.

Exploring the Long-Term Mechanism of the Construction of College Teachers’Ethics in the New Era Under the Concept of“Sanquan Education”

This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the construction to meet the needs of college education development under the background of the new era.A series of targeted measures and suggestions are put forward,including improving the system and mechanism,strengthening the education and training of teachers’ethics,and establishing the evaluation and assessment mechanism.The implementation of these measures can promote the formation of the long-term mechanism of the construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities,improve teachers’ethics and behavior quality,and provide strong support for the development of education in colleges and universities.

Standardization Strategy Enhancing the Competitiveness of Finance Sector In China

With the rapid development of global economic integration,standards have become an important method and technical ties in the modern international economic competition and cooperation as important and strategic tools for improving overall competitiveness.Standardization is an activity in which commonly and repeatedly used items for existing issues and unknown issues are established to maintain the best order.As a science,it has been gradually established during the long term production practice,and it is also an important application technology.

The Research on Open Sharing of Higher Education Park Based on Intelligent Security System

The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, early warning, prevention and control, disposal, etc, for security protection. It is the development trend of security system in the future, and it is also the basis for open sharing between higher education parks and universities. By using content analysis, unstructured interviews and other research methods, this paper deeply studies the feasibility and basic ideas of the construction of intelligent security system in Shahe Higher Education Park, and forms basic experience and typical practices through the project construction, which further promotes the more intelligent, standardized and scientific safety management in colleges and universities. It really provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the opening and sharing between higher education parks and universities.

Taxation Models and Improvement Proposals for Personal Income Tax in the Sharing Economy

As an innovative economic model,the sharing economy has seen rapid growth globally in recent years.It has not only brought a profound impact on traditional economies but also injected new vitality and momentum into the sustainable development of the social economy.However,for the sharing economy,the process of collecting personal income tax is facing several issues,such as the ambiguity of tax policies regarding personal income,challenges in identifying taxpayers,and difficulties in defining income.To achieve the fairness and efficiency of personal income tax collection in the sharing economy,this study proposes optimized regulatory mechanisms and conducts in-depth discussions on the adjustment of personal income tax policies,innovation in tax management technology,and improvement in the quality of personal income tax services.

Suburbanization and Subcentering of Population in Beijing Metropolitan Area:A Nonparametric Analysis

This study focuses on the suburbanization and subcentering of population and examines the nature of spatial restructuring in terms of the population distribution in the Beijing metropolitan area.Instead of the classic density function approach,we employ the nonparametric analysis to characterize the spatial pattern of population densities in the Beijing metropolitan area and identify the suburban subcenters.Our findings suggest that the population has spread with rapid urban growth in the Beijing metropolitan area,and the compact urban form has been replaced by a more dispersed polycentric spatial distribution.However,compared with the decentralization of western cities,the spatial extent of the decentralization of population in the Beijing metropolitan area is quite limited.The rapid growth of population in the near suburbs has expedited the sprawl of the central city,with a larger central agglomeration of population dominating the metropolitan area.In this sense,the spatial pattern of the Beijing metropolitan area is still characterized by the continuous compactness.However,our findings do provide the evidence that the city has been turning to a polycentric structure.We find significant population subcenters have emerged in the suburbs of Beijing since the 1980s.But the polycentricity emerged in the Beijing metropolitan area is very different by nature from that observed in Western cities.The subcenters emerged are adherent to the development scheme planned for the city,so it can be referred to as the so called 'planned polycentricity'.

Examining teachers' perceptions and practice of formative assessment in Chinese ESL classrooms

自2001年课程改革以来,中小学英语课堂形成性评价受到了教育管理者、研究者和实践者的广泛支持,但对于教师是如何理解和实施形成性评价的这一问题,还需要研究。本研究通过问卷调查方式探究中学英语教师对形成性评价的认识及其实施现状:(1)从六个维度(评价主体、评价构念、评价工具、评价时间、反馈、终结性评价与形成性评价之间的关系)了解教师对形成性评价的认识;(2)从五个方面(学习目标、反馈、终结性评价的形成性使用、不同学习阶段的形成性评价、自我和同伴评价)揭示教师形成性评价的实践特征。基于这些特征,本文为形成性评价教师培训提出了建议。

Investor Sentiment and Cross-Sectional Return after Share Issuance:Evidence from Seasonal Equity Offering in China Market

Our research on private placement of equity on China capital market reveals that firms prefer to equity financing when their stock price is overvalued and investor sentiment is high,following the market timing hypothesis.However,after private issuance,we document a significant positive abnormal return within three years.We believe firms choose to polish their financial statement before the exit of institutional investors and controlling shareholders.Through manipulation of discretional accruals,firms improve the profitability and market valuation,and help institutional investors and controlling shareholders obtain the abnormal return after private placement of equity.Nevertheless,such manipulation cannot be sustained and will do harm to other investors in the long-term.

Double dividend of carbon intensity:environmental-quality improvement and sustainable economic growth

This paper established an equilibrium model including representative household,government,and eight industries,and two different environmental policy tools such as carbon intensity and carbon cap were added into the model.The paper points out that the carbon intensity policy imposed on major high-emission industries achieved double dividend of environmentalquality improvement and sustainable economic growth under the condition of proper constraint target.This result supports the environmental Porter hypothesis.This paper finds out that the double dividend is due to the fact that environmental governance policy leads to the rising price of resources and demand of labors,resulting in an effective redistribution of production factors among industries and sustainable economic growth.Furthermore,this paper estimates the marginal effect of economic structure on carbon emission and carbon intensity and provides targeted suggestions.

Establishing a measurement,reporting,and verification system for climate finance in post-Paris agreement period

The measurement,reporting,and verification(MRV) of climate finance was originated from discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).It has been one of the key issues of global climate negotiations since 2009 and will continue to be of significant importance in addressing climate change and strengthening international trust.This paper analyses the concept,the objective,and the progress of the MRV of climate finance based on reviews of the latest literature and think-tank reports regarding climate finance regime and MRV.Following the analysis,challenges faced with the MRV of climate finance are illustrated.This paper presents that the comparability of climate finance data needs to be improved due to the variety of methodologies used for disaggregating climate finance.In addition,the integrality of the MRV system of climate finance has been impaired by the lack of feedback mechanism from the recipients to the contributors in reporting system.Furthermore,although accounting system of climate finance has been developing and improving,it remains incapacity in providing accurate data on disbursed climate finance.Responding to the above challenges,this paper proposes the key tasks in establishing a comprehensive MRV system for climate finance at international level.The tasks involve developing a measurement system with consistent data basis and accounting basis,a reporting system with more detailed guidance and standardized formats,as well as a verification mechanism balancing top-down and bottom-up review processes.In the last section,this paper concludes that the establishment of an improved MRV of climate finance requires concerted cooperation and negotiations between developed and developing country Parties under the UNFCCC.As one of the few developing country donors to the Global Environmental Facility(GEF),China is suggested to clarify its propositions as a developing country in aspects such as concept,coverage,and architecture of climate finance and MRV system,and gain bargaining power in improving operating and technical rules of international climate finance regime.