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Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>L. 被引量:3
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作者 Esra M. M. Ali Aisha Z. I. Almagboul +1 位作者 Salwa M. E. Khogali Umelkheir M. A. Gergeir 《Chinese Medicine》 2012年第1期61-64,共4页
The oil of the seeds, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the whole plant of Cannabis sativa belonging to the family Cannabinaceae were screened for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram positive organism... The oil of the seeds, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the whole plant of Cannabis sativa belonging to the family Cannabinaceae were screened for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram positive organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi namely Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the cup plate agar diffusion method. The oil of the seeds of Cannabis sativa exerted pronounced antibacterial activity (21 - 28 mm) against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, moderate activity (15 mm) against Escherichia coli and high activity (16 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inactive against the two fungi tested. The petroleum ether extract of the whole plant exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity (23 - 28 mm) against both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus organisms, high activity (16 mm) against Escherichia coli and inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and both fungi. The methanol extract of the whole plant showed also pronounced antibacterial activity (29 mm) against Bacillus subtilis, low activity (12 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and high activity (16 - 18 mm) against both Gram negative organisms, inactive against Aspergillus niger and low activity (13 mm) against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Cannabis sativa methanol extracts of the seeds and the whole plant against the standard organisms were determined using the agar plate dilution method. The standard organisms were tested against reference antibacterial and antifungal drugs and the results were compared with the activity of the extracts. 展开更多
关键词 ANTIMICROBIAL CANNABIS sativaSeeds Whole Plant Methanol EXTRACT Petroleum ETHER EXTRACT
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Life cycle and morphology of development stages of Physocephalus dromedarii (Nematoda: Spirocercidae)
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作者 Rolf Karl Schuster Saritha Sivakumar Jrg Kinne 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》 SCIE CAS 2016年第10期825-829,共5页
Objective: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final host.Methods: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from natu... Objective: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final host.Methods: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from naturally infected scarab beetles(Scarabaeus cristatus). The camels were necropsied 14, 42, 70, 84 and 280 days after infection and their abomasi were examined for the presence of nematodes.Results: Early 4th stage larva occurred already 2 weeks after infection. They were still in the sheet of the 3rd stage larva. Six weeks after infection, the nematodes became juvenile male and female adults measuring 9 and 10 mm, respectively. Their size doubled at 10 weeks post infection and patency was reached at 12 weeks. P. dromedarii was still present in the camel that was examined 40 weeks after infection.Conclusions: As a result of experimental infection of the natural host, the determined prepatent period of P. dromedarii equalled 12 weeks. 展开更多
关键词 Physocephalus dromedarii NEMATODA LIFE CYCLE DROMEDARY ABOMASUM
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Opportunistic infection of Aspergillus and bacteria in captive Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)
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作者 Stephen Chege Judith Howlett +3 位作者 Majid Al Qassimi Arshad Toosy Joerg Kinne Vincent Obanda 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》 SCIE CAS 2013年第5期401-406,共6页
Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)and mixed species of bacteria were isolated.Methods:Six Cape vultures sourced from Sou... Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)and mixed species of bacteria were isolated.Methods:Six Cape vultures sourced from South Africa for exhibition at Al Ain Zoo developed illness manifesting as anorexia,dyspnea,polyuria and lethargy.Three vultures died manifesting"pneumonia-like syndrome".These three vultures were necropsied and gross lesions recorded,while organ tissues were collected for histopathology.Internal organs were swabbed for bacteriology and mycology.From live vultures,blood was collected for hematology and biochemistry,oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for mycology and bacteriology.Results:A.fumigatus was isolated from the three dead vultures and two live ones that eventually survived.One of the dead vulture and two live vultures were co-infected with A.fumigatus and mixed species of bacteria that included Clostridium perfringens,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Escherichia,Proteus,Enterococcus and Enterbacter.One of the Cape vulture and a Lappetfaced vulture,however,were free of Aspergillus or bacterial infections.At necropsy,intestinal hemorrhages were observed and the lungs were overtly congested with granulomas present on caudal air sac.Histopathologtcal examinations demonstrated granulomatous lesions that were infiltrated by mononuclear cells and giant cells.Conclusions:Aspergillosis is a persistent threat to captive birds and we recommend routine health assessments so that early diagnosis may prompt early treatment.It is likely that prompt prophylaxis by broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungals medication contributed to the survival of some of the vultures. 展开更多
关键词 ASPERGILLOSIS CAPE VULTURES Wild birds ASPERGILLUS BACTERIA
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Impact of Colonization of an Invasive Species on Genetic Differentiation in New Environments: A Study on American Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Anostraca) in the United Arab Emirates
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作者 ASEM Alireza SCHUSTER Rolf +7 位作者 EIMANIFAR Amin LU Hao LIU Chunwei WU Xiaofang YAO Liping MENG Xinyu LI Weidong WANG Peizheng 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第4期911-920,共10页
Artemia franciscana,native to America,has recently colonized as non-indigenous population in Asia,Europe,North Africa,and Australia.We evaluated the effects of the colonization of A.franciscana on genetic differentiat... Artemia franciscana,native to America,has recently colonized as non-indigenous population in Asia,Europe,North Africa,and Australia.We evaluated the effects of the colonization of A.franciscana on genetic differentiation in new environments in the United Arab Emirates(UAE).We used the COI marker to determine the genetic structure and origins of exotic populations in the UAE.Results confirmed the colonization of A.franciscana in two localities.Invasive populations of A.franciscana had significantly lower genetic variation than native populations in the Great Salt Lake and San Francisco Bay.Results showed that the studied populations could not have colonized directly from natural American habitats,and they possibly were from secondary introduction events of other non-indigenous populations.Genetic analysis yielded different demographic patterns for the studied invasive populations.The population in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve(AWWR)demonstrated demographic expansion,whereas in Godolphin Lakes(GL),it reached a demographic equilibrium.Neutrality tests showed an excess of recent and historical mutations in the COI gene pool of invasive AWWR Artemia in the new environment.The results suggest that different ecological conditions in new environments can exert selective pressures during the introduction of an exotic population,which can affect genetic variation. 展开更多
关键词 Artemia franciscana non-native population mtDNA-COI genetic variation biodiversity UAE
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The Role of Copper and Vitamin A Deficiencies Leading to Neurological Signs in Captive Cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)and Lions(Panthera leo)in the United Arab Emirates
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作者 Claudia Kaiser Ulrich Wernery +2 位作者 Jorg Kinne Laurie Marker Annette Liesegang 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2014年第20期1978-1990,共13页
Neurological signs like ataxia and hind limb paresis have often been reported in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), lions (Panthera leo) and snow leopards (Panthera unica). As a cause, copper and Vitamin A deficiencies have... Neurological signs like ataxia and hind limb paresis have often been reported in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), lions (Panthera leo) and snow leopards (Panthera unica). As a cause, copper and Vitamin A deficiencies have been discussed. Many cases were seen in cheetahs and lions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) within the last years. The aim of this study was to find correlations between nutrition, serum, and tissue levels, focusing on copper and Vitamin A. Blood and tissue samples of affected and unaffected animals were analyzed at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory in Dubai, UAE. Animals were split into three different groups (A, B and C) according to their diets. Minerals were determined in serum, tissue, food and water samples, and serum was additionally analyzed for Vitamin A and E. Liver, kidney and spinal cord samples were taken for histopathological investigations. Mean serum copper and liver copper levels of animals fed pure chicken muscle meat without supplements were significantly lower (0.41 ± 0.71 μM/L;2.16 ± 0.95 ppm wet weight) than in animals fed a whole carcass prey diet (12.16 ± 3.42 μM/L;16.01 ± 17.51 ppm wet weight) (p < 0.05). Serum Vitamin A and E levels were highest in animals fed whole carcass prey diets (1.85 ± 0.68;27.31 ± 5.69 μM/L). Liver zinc concentrations were highest in animals fed pure chicken meat only (43.75 ± 16.48 ppm wet weight). In histopathology, demyelination of the spinal cord was found in all of the affected animals and most commonly when fed a diet based on poultry without supplements. 展开更多
关键词 ATAXIA Cheetah(Acinonyx jubatus) COPPER Lion(Panthera leo) Vitamin A
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Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antigen Detection Assay
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作者 Susanna Kar-Pui Lau Kenneth Sze-Ming Li +5 位作者 Jade Lee-Lee Teng Sunitha Joseph Hayes Kam-Hei Luk Joshua Fung Ulrich Wernery Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo 《Infectious Microbes & Diseases》 2022年第4期175-177,共3页
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection in humans has a high mortality of>30%.Dromedaries are the reservoir of MERS-CoV and the main source of human infections.However,MERS-CoV infections in... Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)infection in humans has a high mortality of>30%.Dromedaries are the reservoir of MERS-CoV and the main source of human infections.However,MERS-CoV infections in dromedaries are usually subclinical.Rapid diagnosis of MERS-CoV infection in these animals is important in preventing camel-to-human transmission of the virus.The possible cross-reactivity of a previously reported rapid nucleocapsid protein-based antigen detection assay for MERS-CoV was examined with different CoVs,including Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4,dromedary camel CoV UAE-HKU23,human CoV-229E,human CoV-OC43,severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 and rabbit CoV HKU14,where none of them showed false-positive results.The assay was further validated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed MERS-CoV-positive and MERS-CoV-negative dromedary nasal samples collected in Dubai,the United Arab Emirates,which showed that the rapid antigen detection assay has a specificity of 100%and sensitivity of 91.7%. 展开更多
关键词 MERS-CoV rapid antigen detection assay dromedary camels
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