Suppression of gastric cancer growth by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the PTEN gene

AIM: To investigate the tumor-suppressive effect of the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome (PTEN) in human gastric cancer cells th atwere wild type for PTEN.METHODS: Adenoviruses expressing PTEN or luciferase as a control were introduced into gastric cancer cells.The effect of exogenous PTEN gene on the growth and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells that are wtPTEN were examined in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: Adenovirus-mediated transfer of PTEN (AdPTEN) suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis significantly in gastric cancer cells (MGC-803, SGC-7901)carrying wtPTEN in comparison with that in normal gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) carrying wtPTEN. This suppression was induced through downregulation of the Akt/PKB pathway, dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase but not at the G1 phase. Furthermore,treatment of human gastric tumor xenografts (MGC-803,SGC-7901) with Ad-PTEN resulted in a significant (P＜0.01)suppression of tumor growth.CONCLUSION: These results indicate a significant tumorsuppressive effect of Ad-PTEN against human gastric cancer cells. Thus, Ad-PTEN may be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of gastric cancers.

PPARγ pathway activation results in apoptosis and COX-2 inhibition in HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate whether troglitazone (TGZ), theperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gammaligand, can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation inhuman liver cancer cell line HepG2 and to explore themolecular mechanisms. METHODS: [3-(4,5)-dimethyithiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (NTT), [3H] Thymidine incorporation,Hochest33258 staining, DNA ladder, enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-PCR, Northern and Western blotting analyses were employed to investigate the effect of TGZ on HepG2 cells and related molecular mechanisms.RESULTS: TGZ was found to inhibit the growth of HepG2cells and to induce apoptosis. During the process, the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein and Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated, while that of Bax and Bak proteins was up-regulated, and the activity of caspase-3 was elevated.Furthermore, the level of PGE2 was decreased transiently after 12 h of treatment with 30 gM troglitazone. CONCLUSION: TGZ inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which may be associated with the activation of caspase-3-like proteases, down-regulation of the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, Bcl-2 protein,the elevation of PGE2 levels, and up-regulation of the expressions of Bax and Bak proteins.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of 4,4′Diformyl-diphenoxyethane and 4,4′4′′-Triformyl-triphenoxytriethylamine

Two title compounds, 4,4?diformyl-diphenoxyethane (compound 1, C16H14O4) and 4,4?4创-triformyl-triphenoxytriethylamine (compound 2, C27H27NO6), were synthesized by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 1,2-dichloroethane and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, respectively in dimethyl formamide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The crystal data are: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.571(2), b = 12.608(3), c = 7.357(2) ? b = 105.823(6)? V = 675.7(2) 3, Mr = 270.3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.328 g/cm3, F(000) = 284, m(MoKa) = 0.096 mm-1, R = 0.0537 and wR = 0.2189 for compound 1; and monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.7162(6), b = 9.0042(6), c = 22.908(2) ? b = 99.505(1)? V = 2383.5(3) ?, Mr = 461.50, Z = 4, Dc = 1.286 g/cm3, F(000)= 976, m(MoKa) = 0.091 mm-1, R = 0.0464 and wR = 0.1462 for compound 2. The molecule of compound 1 (dialdehyde) is located at the crystallographic inversion center nearby the midpoint of C(8)C(8A) single bond. The three chains in the molecule of compound 2 (trialdehyde) are of non-crystallographic pseudo-C3 symmetry, and each of them is quite planar.

Kinase domain insert containing receptor promotor controlled suicide gene system kills human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To evaluate the killing effect of double suicide gene mediated by adenovirus and regulated under kinase domain insert containing receptor (KDR) promoter on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS: By PCR technology, human KDR promoter gene, Escherichia coli(E. coli) cytosine deaminase (CD) gene and the herpes simple virus-thymidine kinase (TK) gene were cloned. Plasmid pKDR-CDglyTK was constructed with them. Then, a recombinant adenoviral plasmid pAdKDRCDglyTK was constructed in a 'two-step transformation protocol'. The newly constructed plasmids were transfected to 293 packaging cells to grow adenoviruses, which were further propagated and purified. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were infected with a different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of resultant recombinant adenovirus, the infection rate was measured with the aid of (GFP) expression. Infected cells were cultured in culture media containing different concentrations of (GCV) and/or 5-(FC), and the killing effects were measured.RESULTS: Recombinant adenoviruses AdKDR-CDglyTK were successfully constructed, and they infected HUVEC cells efficiently. Our data indicated that the infection rate was relevant to MOI of recombinant adenoviruses. HUVEC cells infected with AdKDR-CDglyTK were highly sensitive to the prodrugs, their survival rate correlated to both the concentration of the prodrugs and the MOI of recombinant adenoviruses. Our data also indicated that the two prodrugs used in combination were much more effective on killing transgeneic cells than GCV or 5-FC used alone. CONCLUSION: Prodrug/KDR-CDglyTK system is effective on killing HUVEC cells, its killing effect correlates to the concentration of prodrugs and recombinant adenovirus' MOI. Combined use of the two prodrugs confers better killing effects on transgeneic cells.

In vivo effects of Chinese herbal recipe, Danshaohuaxian, on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrotic rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Danshaohuaxian (DSHX),a Chinese herbal recipe, on the apoptosis and cell cycles of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in rat hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, hepatic fibrosis group,non-DSHX-treated group and DSHX-treated group. Except for the normal control group, rat hepatic fibrotic models were induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), drinking alcohol, giving diet of hyperlipid and hypoprotein for 8 wk. When the hepatic fibrotic models were produced, 12 rats of hepatic fibrosis group (15 rats survived, others died during the 8 wk) were sacrificed to collect blood and livers. HSCs were isolated from the other 3 rats to detect the apoptotic index (AI) and cell cycles by flow cytometry. DSHX was then given to the DSHX-treated group (1.0 g/kg, PO daily) for 8 wk. At the same time, normal control group and non-DSHX-treated group were given normal saline for 8 wk. At end of the experiment, some rats in these three groups were sacrificed to collect blood and livers, the other rats were used for HSC isolation to detect the apoptotic index (AI) and cell cycles. Then the liver index, serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT),degree of hepatic fibrosis, urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and expression of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ (COL Ⅰ and Ⅲ) in these four groups were detected respectively.RESULTS: Compared with the indexes of the hepatic fibrosis group and non-DSHX-treated group, the DSHX-treated group revealed a liver index of (0.0267±0.0017 vs 0.0423±0.0044, 0.0295±0.0019, P＜0.05), levels of serum HA (200.78±31.71 vs316.17±78.48, 300.86±72.73, P＜0.05)and ALT(93.13±5.79 vs 174.5±6.02, 104.75±6.54, P＜0.01),and stage of hepatic fibrosis (1.30 vs 4.25, 2.60, P＜0.01)all reduced. The urinary excretion of Hyp increased (541.09±73.39 vs 62.00±6.40, 182.44±30.83, P＜0.01),the COL Ⅰ and Ⅲ expression decreased (COL Ⅰ: 1.07±0.96 vs4.18±2.26, 3.22±1.44, P＜0.01; COL Ⅲ: 1.09±0.58 vs 3.04±0.62, 2.23±0.58, P＜0.01), the HSCs apoptotic index of HSCs (7.81±0.47 vs 1.63±0.25, 1.78±0.4, P＜0.05) and the ratio of G0-G1 phase cells increased (94.30±1.33 vs 62.27±17.96, 50.53±2.25, P＜0.05). The ratios of S-phase cells (3.11±1.27 vs 9.83±1.81, 11.87±1.9, P＜0.05) and G2-M phase cells (2.58±0.73 vs23.26±10.95, 13.60±1.15, P＜0.01)declined.CONCLUSION: DSHX capsule shows certain therapeutic effects on hepatic fibrosis in rats and inhibits abnormal deposition of COL Ⅰ and Ⅲ in rat livers by promoting the apoptosis of HSCs and preventing their proliferation.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ni(Ⅱ) Complex with N-Salicylaldehyde-N'-phenoxyacetylhydrazine Ligand

The title complex NiL(py)3, where H2L = N-salicylaldehyde-N-phenoxyacetyl hydrazine, was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The single crystal of the title compound, Ni(C15H12N2O3)(C5H5N)3, is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 11.900(1), b = 9.6855(7), c = 23.658(2) , b = 92.357(2)? V = 2724.5(4) 3, Z = 4, F(000) = 1176, Dc = 1.376 g/cm3, ?= 0.753 mm-1, R = 0.0332 and wR = 0.0820. The coordination polyhedron around the nickel atom is an elongated octahedron. The basal plane consists of one phenol oxygen, one amine carbonyl oxygen and one hydrazine nitrogen atoms from the ligand L2- and one nitrogen atom from one coordinated pyridine ligand, while the axial sites are occupied by two nitrogen atoms of two coordinated pyridine ligands.

Filamentous-actins in human hepatocarcinoma cells with CLSM

AIM: To establish a method for optical sections of HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and to study the spatial structure of filamentous actin (F-actin) in HepG2 cells. METHODS: HepG2 cells were stained with FITC-phalloidin that specifically binds F-actin, with propidium iodide (PI) to the nucleus, and scanned with a CLSM to generate optically sectioned images. A series of optical sections taken successively at different focal levels in steps of 0.7 μm were reconstructed with the CLSM reconstruction program. RESULTS: CLSM images showed that the FITC-stained Factin was abundant microfilament bundles parallel or netted through the whole cell and its processes. Most F-actin microfilaments extended through the cell from one part toward the other or run through the process. Some microfilaments were attached to the plasma membrane, or formed a structural bridge connecting to the neighboring cells. CONCLUSION: A method for double labeling HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells and CLSM imaging F-actin microfilaments and nuclei by image thin optical sections and spatial structure was developed. It provides a very useful way to study the spatial structure of F-actin.

Shp-2／NF-κB Pathway Mediates the Inhibition of Lipoxin A4 onIL-1β-induced Synthesis of IL-6 in Glomerular Mesangial Cells

Objective: To examine whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has an antagonistic effect on IL-1β-induced synthesis of IL-6 in glomerular mesangial cells, and to explore the molecular mechanisms of signal pathway in LXA4 actions. Methods: The glomerular mesangial cells of rat were cultured and treated with IL-1β with or without preincubation with LXA4 at different concentrations. The amount of IL-6 in the supernatant of cells was analyzed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expressions of mRNA of IL-6 were determined by RT-PCR. The expressions of Src homology 2( SH2 ) containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2(Shp-2) were assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Activities of DNA-binding of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) were measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA). Results:IL-1β- snulated secretion of protein and expression of mRNA of IL-6 in mesangial cells were inhibited by LXA4 in a dose-dependent manner. LXA4 antagonizes the phosphorylation of Shp-2 and activities of NF-κB induced by IL-1β Conclusion: LXA4 antagonists IL-1β-induced synthesis of IL-6 in glomerular mesangial cellsthrough the mechanism of Shp-2/NF-κB pathway-dependent signal transduction.

Thrombocytosis:A paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients manifest a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes. Thrombocytosis was reported in children with hepatoblastoma. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and dinical significance of thrombocytosis in HCC patients and its relationships with serum thrombopoietin (TPO).METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical, biochemical and image data of 1 154 HCC patients. In addition, we measured platelet count and serum TPO in HCC patients with and without thrombocytosis, in patients with cirrhosis,chronic hepatitis and healthy subjects in a Eoss-sedJonal study.RESULTS: Thirty-one (2.7%) of 1 154 HCC patients had thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥400 K/mm^3). HCC patients with thrombocytosis were significantly younger, had a higher serum α-fetoprotein, higher rate of main portal vein thrombosis, larger tumor volume, shorter survival, and were less likely to receive therapy than HCC patients without thrombocytosis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that tumor volumes ≥30% and serum α-fetoprotein≥ 140 000 ng/mL could significantly predict thrombocytosis.HCC patients with thrombocytosis had a significantly higher mean serum TPO than those without, as well as patients with cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and healthy subjects.Platelet count and serum TPO dropped significantly after tumor resection in HCC patients with thrombocytosis and re-elevated after tumor recurred. Furthermore, the expression of TPO mRNA was found to be more in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues of liver in an HCC patient with thrombocytosis.CONCLUSION: Thrombocytosis is a paraneoplastic syndrome of HCC patients due to the overproduction of TPO by HCC.It is frequently associated with a large tumor volume and high serum α-fetoprotein.

Intestinal colonization with Candida albicans and mucosal immunity

AIM: To observe the relationship between intestinal lumen colonization with Candida albicans and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA).METHODS: A total of 82 specific-pathogen-free mice were divided randomly into control and colonization groups. After Candida albicans were inoculated into specific-pathogen-free mice, the number of Candida albicans adhering to cecum and mucosal membrane was counted. The lymphocyte proliferation in Peyer's patch and in lamina propria was shown by BrdU incorporation, while mucosal sIgA (surface membrane) isotype switch in Peyer's patch was investigated. IgA plasma cells in lamina propria were observed by immunohistochemical staining. Specific IgA antibodies to Candida albicans were measured with ELISA.RESULTS: From d 3 to d 14 after Candida albicansgavaging to mice, the number of Candida albicans colonizing in lumen and adhering to mucosal membrane was sharply reduced.Candida albicans translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes occurred at early time points following gavage administration and disappeared at later time points. Meanwhile, the content of specific IgA was increased obviously. Proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in lamina propria were also increased.CONCLUSION: Lymphocytes in lamina propria play an important role in intestinal mucosal immunity of specific-pathogen-free mice when they are first inoculated with Candida albicans. The decreasing number of Candida albicans in intestine is related to the increased level of specific IgA antibodies in the intestinal mucus.

Comparative study on efficacy of three sperm-separation techniques

Aim: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of real-time sperm separation technique (Wang's tube method) andother two conventional methods in isolating high-quality sperm preparation, and to compare the spouse pregnancy ratein intrauterine insemination (IUI) with sperm preparations isolated by these methods. Methods: The effectivenessof the real-time sperm separation technique, the conventional swim-up and the Percoll discontinuous density gradientmethods in isolating sperm preparations from 60 infertile patients (20 with apparently normal semen and 40, abnormalsemen contaminated with microorganisms and other impurities) was evaluated and compared. The microorganisms to beremoved included bacteria, vires, Chlamydia trachomaticum, Ureaplsama urealyticum, etc. The spouse pregnancyrates in IUI with sperm preparations isolated by these three techniques from 80 oligoasthenoteratospermic patients werealso compared. Results: The quality (including the percentages of normal form, normal-chromatin and motilesperm, and the grade of motility) of sperm obtained by the real-time sperm separation technique was much higher ( P< 0.01) as compared with those by the other two methods. The Wang's tube method was also more effective in remov-ing microorganisms and other impurities. The method provided a higher IUI pregnancy rate than the other two spermseparation techniques ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The real-time sperm separation technique is the most effectivemethod so far available in isolating high-quality sperm samples to be used in assisted reproduction.

Dynamic change of epidermal growth factor in neonatal rat with intestine injury

AIM: To determine whether diminished levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were present in neo-natal rats with intestinal injury and related with the degree of intestinal injury, so we modeled a model in neo-natal rats of intestinal injury and to examine the dynamic levels of EGF on injury of intestine.METHODS: One-day-old Wistar rat pups received an intraperitoneally injection with 4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by collection of ileum tissue at 1, 3, 6, 12,and 24 h following LPS administration. The ileum was for histological evaluation of NEC and for measurements of EGF using ABC-ELISA. The correlation between the degree of intestinal injury and levels of EGF was determined. RESULTS: The LPS-injected pups also showed a significant increase in injury scores at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h [respectively, (1.08±0.61), (1.63±0.84), (1.95±0.72), (2.42±0.43)and (2.21±0.53)] vsthe control (0.12±0.17) (P＜0.01).EGF levels at 1, 3, 6, 12 h [respectively, (245.6±49.0), (221.4±39.0), (223.4±48.1), (246.0±46.6)] pg/mg were significantly loss than the control (275.6±50.4) pg/mg (P＜0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the EGF levels and the grade of intestinal injury within 24 h (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Neo-natal rats with intestinal injury have significantly lower levels of ileum EGF. Reduced levels of this growth factor might be related to the pathogenesis of NEC.

ANALYSIS OF INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST GENE POLYMORPHISM IN CHINESE PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Objective To identify an interaction between the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and risk of Al-zheimer’s disease. Methods The study included 117 healthy controls, 85 patients with Alzheimer’s disease in a Northeastern Chinese popu-lation of Han nationality. Genotypes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction amplification of the intron 2 fragment, harbouring a variable number of short tandem nucleotide sequences. Amplification products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. Results The allele 2 frequency was 27% in healthy controls, and 21% in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Thus for all-ele 2 as well as for all other alleles, genotypes, or carriage rates, no significant differences compared with controls. Conclusions No association of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism with Alzheimer’s disease was iden-tified in this population. It is also possible that the increased risk and disease modifying effects are caused by linkage disequ-ilibrium with other genomic variants in other nearby genes.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Silver(I) Complexes by Depolymerizing [Ag(C≡CPh)]_n with a NP_3 Ligand

Two silver(I) complexes were prepared by the reaction of [Ag(C≡CPh)]n with NP3 [NP3 = N(CH2CH2PPh2)3] or with NP3 and [Cu(CH3CN)4]ClO4. Complex 1 [(Ag2Cl(NP3)2)(Ag5- (C≡CPh)6)] contains both NP3 and PhC≡C- ligands. The complex cation is (Ag2Cl(NP3)2)+, in which two Ag(NP3)+ cations were bridged by a Cl- donor. The anion is (Ag5(C≡CPh)6)-, where five Ag+ ions are linked by six C≡CPh- to form a pentanuclear cluster. Complex 2 only contains NP3 ligand, where the silver center adopts a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Crystal data for 1: C133H116Ag7Cl3- N2P6, Mr = 2789.54, triclinic, space group P1, a = 13.0780(2), b = 15.3678(2), c = 31.2041(3) ?, α = 91.3928(7), β = 90.9328(8), γ = 96.0244(4)o, V = 6233.8(1) ?3, T = 293(2) K, Z = 2, Dc = 1.486 g/cm3, F(000) = 2796, μ = 1.266 mm-1, the final R = 0.0746 and wR = 0.1953 for 16475 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Crystal data for 2: C42H42AgClNO4P3, Mr = 861.00, trigonal, space group R3, a = 17.451(1), b = 17.451(1), c = 11.3985(7) ?, V = 3006.0(3) ?3, T = 293(2) K, Z = 3, Dc = 1.427 g/cm3, F(000) = 1326, μ = 0.731 mm-1, the final R = 0.0251 and wR = 0.0663 for 1499 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I).

Adenovirus-mediated Transfer of p53 and p16Inhibiting Proliferating Activity of Human Bladder Cancer Cell EJin vitro and in vivo

To evaluate the effects of adenovirus (Ad) - mediated transfer of p5 3and p16 on hum an bladder cancer cells EJ,EJwere transfected with Ad- p5 3and Ad- p16 . Cell growth,m orphologi- cal change,cell cycle,apoptosis were measured using MTT assay,flow cytom etry,cloning form a- tion,im munocytochemical assays.Ad- p16 or Ad- p5 3alone could inhibit the proliferating activity of EJcells in vitro.Ad- p5 3could induce apoptosis of partial EJcells.G1arrest was observed72 h after infection with Ad- p16 ,but apoptosis was not obvious.The transfer of Ad- p16 and Ad- p5 3 could significantly inhibit the growth of EJcells,decrease the cloning formation rate and induce apoptosis of large num ber of EJcells. The occurrence time of subcutaneous tumor was delayed and the tum or volume in 4 weeks was dim inished by using Ad- p5 3com bined with Ad- p16 and the dif- ference was significant com pared with using Ad- p5 3or Ad- p16 alone.It was suggested that the transfer of wild- type p5 3and p16 could significantly inhibit the growth of human bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo.

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF PERCHLORATOBIS-(2,2'-BIPYRIDYL) COPPER (Ⅱ) PERCHLORATE

C20H16Cl2CuN4O8,JMr = 574. 82,triclinic,space group PI,a =7. 397 (1),b=11. 172(3),c=15. 185(5)A,α=66. 28(2),β=76. 91(1),γ= 80. 74(2)°,V = 1115. 6A3,Z = 2,D=1. 71g·cm-3,μ=12. 76cm-1,F(000) = 582,R=0. 045,Rw = 0. 048. The Cu atom is coordinated by four N atoms from the two 2,2'-bipyridyls and two O atoms from two ClO4- groups,forming a distorted octahedron. A chain structure is developed through the coordinated ClO4-.

Geometric Effects of La_(1+x)Mg_(2-x)Ni_9 (x=0.0~1.0) Ternary Alloys on Their Hydrogen Storage Capacities

Structural analysis was made using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement on a series of La1+xMg2-xNi9 (x=0.0-1.0) ternary alloys. Results showed that each of La1+xMg2-xNi9 alloys was a PuNi3-type structure stacked by LaNi5 and (La, Mg) Ni2 blocks. Electrochemical tests revealed that discharge abilities of these La-Mg-Ni ternary alloys mainly depended on their atomic distances between (La, Mg) and Ni, which could be modified by varying the atomic ratios of La/Mg.

Crystallographic Characterization of the Novel Inorganic-organic Hybrid Coordinated Polymer: [(C_(22)H_(50)N_2)(Ag_2I_4)]_n

A novel coordinated polymer [(C22H50N2)(Ag2I4)]n([C22H50N2]2+ = N,N?-1,2- ethylence-bis(N,N?-dimethyl octane ammonium) (EDO)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI and EDO at room temperature with pH = 6.8, and structurally characterized by means of X-ray single- crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.6080(1), b = 12.7643(2), c = 7.2157(8) ? a = 100.835(8), ?= 91.030(3), ? = 91.297(9)o, (C21.50H48.50Ag2I4N2), Mr = 1058.46, V = 868.71(19) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 2.023g/cm3, F(000) = 497.5, ?MoKa) = 4.692 mm-1, the final R = 0.0623 and wR = 0.1949 for 2641 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The title compound consists of cations ([C22H50N2]2+) and anion chain (Ag2I42-)∞ which are combined by static attracting forces in the crystal to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Chloro(p-toluidine)[4-(p-tolyl)imino-2-pentanone-3-oximato]- palladium(Ⅱ), PdCl(p-CH_3C_6H_4NH_2)(p-CH_3C_6H_4-iai)

The title complex chloro(p-toluidine)[4-(p-tolyl)imino-2-pentanone-3-oximato]- palladium(Ⅱ), PdCl(p-CH3C6H4NH2)(p-CH3C6H4-iai), C19H22ClN3O2Pd, (p-CH3C6H4NH2 and p-CH3C6H4-iai- are p-toluidine and the anion of 4-(p-tolyl)imino-2-pentanone-3-oximato, respec- tively), crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 26.082(5), b = 13.521(3), c = 12.578(3) ? b = 112.18(3), Mr = 466.25, V = 4108(2) 3, Dc = 1.508 g/cm3, F(000) = 1888, m(MoKa) = 1.051 mm-1, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0368 and wR = 0.0855 for 3243 observed reflections (I ≥ 2s(I)). The coordination environment around Pd is a distorted PdClN3 square-plane composed of imino- and oximo-nitrogen from the Schiff base ligand of p-CH3C6H4-iai-, and amino-nitrogen from p-toluidine and chlorine atom.