Manipulating endogenous exosome biodistribution for therapy

Exosomes have been recognized as extracellular vesicles that mediate systemic information exchange and long-distance interactions between cells.1 Their functions are all highly reliant on systemic biological distribution so that it is possible to promote the biological effects for therapy by accurately manipulating exosome biodistribution.However,given that the mechanisms for regulating the exosome biodistribution are unclear,it is challengeable to achieve the manipulation of exosome biodistribution by regulating molecular signals.Recently,Liu et al.2 reported a vesicle shuttle(VS),which was composed of a ferroferric oxide core,a silica shell,and a stimuli-cleavable poly(ethylene glycol)corona conjugated to two types of antibody(one against antigens on the exosomes of interest,and the other targeted to the recipient injured cells).2 They showed that the VS could effectively collect,transport,and release circulating exosomes to the designated areas inside the organism.

Anti-fatigue ionic gels for long-term multimodal respiratory abnormality monitoring

Wearable electronics integrated with stretchable sensors are considered a promising and non-invasive strategy to monitor respiratory status for health assessment.However,long-term and stable monitoring of respiratory abnormality is still a grand challenge.Here,we report a facile one-step thermal stretching strategy to fabricate an anti-fatigue ionic gel(AIG)sensor with high fatigue threshold(0=1130 J m^(–2)),high stability(>20,000 cycles),high linear sensitivity,and recyclability.A multimodal wearable respiratory monitoring system(WRMS)developed with AIG sensors can continuously measure respiratory abnormality(single-sensor mode)and compliance(multi-sensor mode)by monitoring the movement of the ribcage and abdomen in a long-term manner.For single-sensor mode,the respiratory frequency(Fr),respiratory energy(Er),and inspire/expire time(I/E ratio)can be extracted to evaluate the respiratory status during sitting,sporting,and sleeping.Further,the multi-sensors mode is developed to evaluate patientventilator asynchrony through validated clinical criteria by monitoring the incongruous movement of the chest and abdomen,which shows great potential for both daily home care and clinical applications.

Synthetic Two-dimensional Organic Structures

Synthetic two-dimensional（2 D） polymers have totally different topology structures compared with traditional linear or branched polymers. The peculiar 2 D structures bring superior properties. Although, from linear to 2 D polymers, the study of these new materials is still in its infancy, they already show potential applications especially in optoelectronics, membranes, energy storage and catalysis, etc. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the 2 D materials from three respects：（1） Chemistry—different types of polymerization reactions or supramolecular assembly to construct the 2 D networks were described;（2） Preparation methods—surface science, crystal engineering approaches and solution synthesis were introduced;（3） Functionalization and some early applications.