Antimicrobial Resistance,Virulence Profile,and Molecular Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Ready-to-eat Food in China,2013-2014

We aimed to investigate the potential pathogenic profile and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food in China.Antimicrobial resistance was determined by broth microdilution following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol Molecular serotyping,virulence,and resistance genes were identified using PCR.Multi-locus

Exposure Assessment of Sb2O3 in PET Food Contact Materials

This study was conducted to do exposure assessment of the possible migration of antimony trioxide （Sb203） from Polyethylene terephthalate （PET） food contact materials （FCM）. Consumption Factor （CF） and Food-type Distribution Factor （fT） were calculated from survey data with reference to the US FDA method. The most conservative migration conditions were obtained by testing Sb migration from PET FCM based on the Chinese national standard of GB/T 5009.101-2003[1].

On Right to Adequate Food and Relevant Concepts from the Legal Perspective

As a fundamental right,the right to adequate food entitles everyone to live with dignity by having access to adequate food that is safe and nutritious However,the current food system features unequal food production and distribution To remedy this situation,certain concepts have been proposed to realize the right to adequate food,including food security,food safety,food sovereignty,food democracy and food exception This paper analyses these concepts from the perspective of the right to adequate food and how they can be incorporated into legislation to help realize and protect this right

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Objective To develop a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） approach to identify Staphylococcus aureus （5. aureus） and differentiate methicillin-resistant 5. aureus （MRSA） from methicillin-sensitive S. aureus （MSSA）. Methods A total of 100 5. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens and farm workers were collected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. And data obtained were interpreted with biotyper software. Results Ninety-two strains were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS as 5. aureus at a level of secure genus and probable species, and 4 strains were identified at probable genus after their cultivation, spectral collection and data preprocessing. One strain was identified as 5. aureus with lower score. It was revealed that identification of 5. aureus by MALDI-TOF-MS was highly correlated with typing by biochemical and serological methods with an accuracy as high as 97%. The biotyper cluster analysis showed that 100 isolates were divided into 2 types at the distance level of 400. Higher peak intensity in the mass of both 3784 Da and 5700 Da was observed in MRSA, whereas that was absent from MSSA. Conclusion MALDI-TOF-MS is considered as a simple, high-throughput and accuracy for the identification of S from MSSA. rapid and highly reproducible technique with aureus and it can reliably differentiate MRSA

Risk Assessment of MOAH and MOSH in Infants and Young Children

Mineral oil hydrocarbons(MOH) in food may come from both contamination and various intentional uses in food production. MOH is widely used in food contact materials and food additives. It comprises complex mixtures, including straight and branched open-chain alkanes(paraffins), largely alkylated cycloalkanes(naphthenes).

Genomic Epidemiology of ST34 Monophasic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from Clinical Patients from 2008 to 2017 in Henan,China

Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-(S.4,[5],12:i:-)is a monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that has emerged as a global serovar causing public health concern.To date,the epidemiology and genomic characterization of this pathogen in China have not been well described.We investigated the prevalence,antimicrobial resistance(AMR)phenotypes,and population genomics of sequence type 34(ST34)S.4,[5],12:i:-among cases of human salmonellosis in Henan Province,China.A total of 100 ST34 S.4,[5],12:i:-isolates were studied from 2008 to 2017 and found mostly resistant to ampicillin(AMP),streptomycin(STR),sulfonamides(SUL),and tetracycline(TET)(ASSu T).Bayesian phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that isolates identified in China were mostly related to the European lineage and evolved into two major clades with different resistance genes and plasmid profiles.Notably,clade 1 showed a significantly higher rate of mutations in gyr A and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes.The carrying of the resistance-containing region(encoding R-type ASSu T),including bla(conferring resistance to AMP),str AB(STR),sul2(SUL),and tet(B)(TET)inserted into the flj BA operon,was responsible for most of the monophasic variants in clade 2.Inc HI2 plasmids were the dominant multi-drug resistance mobile genetic elements accounting for the transmission of acquired resistance genes in this serovar,and these were more prevalent in clade 1.Our findings highlighted the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant S.4,[5],12:i:-in China,along with the differential characteristics of resistance gene acquisition among various lineages.Based on our data,control measures are required to address the spread of this zoonotic pathogen.Further owing to its potential origin in food-producing animals,a"One Health"approach,should be implemented to support surveillance whilst informing interventional strategies.

Essential role of medicine and food homology in health and wellness

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an ancient healing system that has been practiced for thousands of years in China and other East Asian countries.According to the TCM theory,medicine and food share the same origin and may have the same functions in the prevention and treatment of various health conditions.This is how the concept of medicine and food homology is developed and popularized.

Enumeration,Genetic Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus Isolates from Retail Yoghurt in Beijing,China

Lactic acid bacteria （LAB） are widely used in food industries. Correct identification and safety evaluation of these bacteria at the species even strain level should take considerations into account. In this study, the LAB were recovered from yoghurt and characterized phenotypically and genetically. Fifty-two isolates of LAB from 31 yoghurt samples were cultured and grouped into 6 species including Luctobucillus bulguricus （24 isolates）, Streptococcus thermophilus （15 isolates）, L. ucidophilus （7 isolates）, L. porucusei/cusei （3 isolates）, L. delbrueckii （2 isolates）, and L. fermentum （1 isolate）, based on their Gram-staining, colony morphology and biochemical properties.

The Effect of Bergamot-Derived Polyphenolic Fraction on LDL Small Dense Particles and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

The occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) represents an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease states in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, both the size of LDL particles and liver dysfunction identified as non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent important biomarkers for the development of cardiometabolic risk in patients with MS. Here we studied the effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) in patients with MS and NAFLD. 107 patients were enrolled at the San Raffaele IRCCS (Rome). All of them showed ultrasonografic evidences of NAFLD and at least three out of five previous identified criteria for the diagnosis of MS. Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving placebo and the second receiving BPF 650 mg twice a day for 120 consecutive days. In the group receiving BPF 650 mg twice a day, a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, serum LDL cholesterol and triglycerides alongside with an increase of HDL cholesterol was found. This effect was accompanied by significant reduction of both ultrasonographic and metabolic biomarkers of NAFLD. Moreover, a significant reduction of small dense LDL particles, as detected via proton NMR Spectroscopy, was found after BPF treatment. In conclusion, our data confirm the beneficial effect of bergamot-extract in patients with MS an effect highlighted by significant reduction of small dense LDL particles and by improvement of NAFLD biomarkers. This suggests a potential preventive role of bergamot derivatives in reducing cardiometabolic risk.

Fatty acids and algal lipids as precursors of chlorination by-products

Six common algal fatty acids （FAs） with different numbers of double bonds, lipophilic fractions and proteins extracted from the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and algal ceils were chlorinated to evaluate their potential in generating disinfection by-products （DBPs）. The result showed that the more double bonds in the FAs, the higher the amounts of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid （DCAA） produced, but such a pattern was not observed for trichloroacetic acid （TCAA）. Based on the previously reported composition of fatty acids in algal lipids, the DBP generation potentials of algal lipids were calculated. These predicted values were much lower than those measured in the chlorinated algal lipophilic fraction, suggesting unknown lipophilic fraction（s） served as potent DBPs precursors. Another calculation attempted to predict DBP production in algal cells based on algal lipid and protein composition, given quantified measured DBP production per unit algal lipid and proteins. The analysis showed that the observed DBP production was similar to that predicted （〈 35% difference）, suggesting that algal biochemical compositions may serve as a bioindicator for preliminary estimation of chloroform, DCAA and TCAA formation upon chlorinating algae.