What We Have Learned:“New Foundations for Global Governance”

In a Conference convened at Princeton University in January 2010, international relations experts were asked to consider, among other things, great power leadership and explore what would enable these powers

The Gx Global Governance:China Faces G20 Leadership

The Enlarging Gx Leadership Since the2005G7/8summit at Gleneagles,China’s leader and the leaders of the other G5 countries-China,India,Brazil,South

Mechanisms and Performance Evaluation of Transferring Knowledge by Standardization In-depth theoretical research in standardization field

In 2018, Mechanisms and Performance Evaluation of Transferring Knowledge by Standardization (Chinese name:《标准化传播知识的机理及绩效评价》),an excellent academic book written by Prof. Song Mingshun, was published by Standards Press of China.

A Two-Level Hierarchical Graph Model for Conflict Resolution with Application to International Climate Change Negotiations

A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.

OPTION PRIORITIZATION FOR UNKNOWN PREFERENCE

An option prioritization technique is developed to efficiently elicit the preferences, both unknown and crisp, of decision makers （DMs） in strategic conflicts. In the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, each DM has one or more options, each of which may be selected or not. A state, or possible scenario, is formed when all DMs make an option selection. The software GMCR II contains an option prioritization procedure that makes it easy for a modeUer to enter a DM＇s crisp preference ordering over the states using prioritized statements describing the DM＇s preferred option combinations. This procedure is extended by adding two new logical connectives that describe uncertainty of preference. For each DM, a range of possible scores for each feasible state can then be calculated, facilitating the determination of a preference ordering containing uncertainty by comparing and ranking scores. To demonstrate how this new methodology can be used to represent tmknown preferences in a real-world decision problem, it is applied to a Canadian dispute over proposed water exports.

ROBUSTNESS OF EQUILIBRIA IN THE GRAPH MODEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION

A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to deviation. Robustness assessment is based on a new concept called Level of Freedom, which evaluates the relative freedom of a decision maker to escape an equilibrium. Resolutions of a conflict can be affected by changes in decision makers＇ preferences, which may destabilize an equilibrium, causing the conflict to evolve. Hence, a conflict may become long-term and thereby continue to evolve, even after reaching an equilibrium. The new robustness measure is used to rank equilibria based on robustness, to facilitate distinguishing equiiibria that are relatively sustainable. An absolutely robust equilibrium is a special case in which the level of freedom is at an absolute minimum for each individual stability definition.

Editorial on Conflict Resolution and Group Decision Based on Papers from the 2018 International Conference on Group Decision and Negotiation (GDN 2018)

The key objective of this special issue of the Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering (JSSSE) is to assess papers con? taining leading-edge ideas on the theory and practice of conflict resolution and group decision making. Earlier versions of these fine papers were originally delivered by the authors at the 18th International Conference on Group Decision and Negotiation (GDN) which was held in Nanjing, China, from June 9 to 13,2018 (GDN 2018), and which appeared as extended abstracts in a conference proceedings ed让ed by Jiang et al.

RISK REDUCTION IN A PROJECT PORTFOLIO

The positive impacts of managing projects as a portfolio are quantified by comparing the value of the integrated risk of a project portfolio and the aggregation of single project risks implemented separately. Firstly, the integrated risk is defined by proposing risky events based on set theory. Secondly, as projects interact with each other in a project portfolio, the integrated risk is evaluated by using a Bayesian network structure learning algorithm to construct an interdependent network of risks. Finally, the integrated risk of a practical case is assessed using this method, and the results show that the proposed method is an effective tool for calculating the extent of risk reduction of implementing a project portfolio and identifying the most risky project, so as to assist companies in making comprehensive decisions in the phase of portfolio selection and portfolio controlling.