Ternary solid solutions of BiFeO_(3),GdFeO_(3)and BaTiO_(3)have been prepared by solid-state reaction method.Dielectric properties of these ceramics have been characterized in the tem-perature range between room tempe...Ternary solid solutions of BiFeO_(3),GdFeO_(3)and BaTiO_(3)have been prepared by solid-state reaction method.Dielectric properties of these ceramics have been characterized in the tem-perature range between room temperature and 673 K and magnetic properties between 5 K and 300K.For the understanding of the multiferroic property,the relation between the crystal structures,magnetic transition and ferroelectric transitions with increasing temperature have been analyzed.All ceramic samples show single perovskite phase.When Ba content exceeds 0.2 wt%,the sintering ability is weakened and the phase structure of Bi_(1-x-y)Gd_(x)Ba_(y)Fe_(1-y)Ti_(y)O_(3)(with x=0.2 and y=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)solid solution changes from rhombohedral to tetragonal phase.The maximum ferroelectric transition temperature(T_(c))of this system was in the range 154-165℃with the dielectric constant peak of 6000 for y=0.5 at 100 kHz.Well-saturated piezoresponse hysteresis loops were observed for all compositions indicating room temperature ferroelectricity.With increasing Ba content(up to 0.3 wt%)the remanent magnetization M,increased and the coercive magnetic field decreased.展开更多
Large-area polycrystalline diamond(PCD)coatings are important for fields such as thermal management,optical windows,tribological moving mechanical assemblies,harsh chemical environments,biological sensors,etc.Microwav...Large-area polycrystalline diamond(PCD)coatings are important for fields such as thermal management,optical windows,tribological moving mechanical assemblies,harsh chemical environments,biological sensors,etc.Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD)is a standard technique to grow high-quality PCD films over large area due to the absence of contact between the reactive species and the filament or the chamber wall.However,the existence of temperature gradients during growth may compromise the desired uniformity of the final diamond coatings.In the present work,a thick PCD coating was deposited on a 100-mm silicon substrate inside a 915-MHz reactor;the temperature gradient resulted in a non-uniform diamond coating.An attempt was made to relate the local temperature variation during deposition and the different properties of the final coating.It was found that there was large instability inside the system,in terms of substrate temperature(as high asΔT=212℃),that resulted in a large dispersion of the diamond coating’s final properties:residual stress(-15.8 GPa to+6.2 GPa),surface morphology(octahedral pyramids with(111)planes to cubo-octahedrals with(100)flat top surfaces),thickness(190μm to 245μm),columnar growth of diamond(with appearance of variety of nanostructures),nucleation side hardness(17 GPa to 48 GPa),quality(Raman peak FWHM varying from 5.1 cm^(-1) to 12.4 cm^(-1) with occasional splitting).This random variation in properties over large-area PCD coating may hamper reproducible diamond growth for any meaningful technological application.展开更多
基金Radheshyam Rai is grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal(FCT)fornan-cial support(Grant No.SFRH/BPD/38001/2007).
文摘Ternary solid solutions of BiFeO_(3),GdFeO_(3)and BaTiO_(3)have been prepared by solid-state reaction method.Dielectric properties of these ceramics have been characterized in the tem-perature range between room temperature and 673 K and magnetic properties between 5 K and 300K.For the understanding of the multiferroic property,the relation between the crystal structures,magnetic transition and ferroelectric transitions with increasing temperature have been analyzed.All ceramic samples show single perovskite phase.When Ba content exceeds 0.2 wt%,the sintering ability is weakened and the phase structure of Bi_(1-x-y)Gd_(x)Ba_(y)Fe_(1-y)Ti_(y)O_(3)(with x=0.2 and y=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)solid solution changes from rhombohedral to tetragonal phase.The maximum ferroelectric transition temperature(T_(c))of this system was in the range 154-165℃with the dielectric constant peak of 6000 for y=0.5 at 100 kHz.Well-saturated piezoresponse hysteresis loops were observed for all compositions indicating room temperature ferroelectricity.With increasing Ba content(up to 0.3 wt%)the remanent magnetization M,increased and the coercive magnetic field decreased.
文摘Large-area polycrystalline diamond(PCD)coatings are important for fields such as thermal management,optical windows,tribological moving mechanical assemblies,harsh chemical environments,biological sensors,etc.Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD)is a standard technique to grow high-quality PCD films over large area due to the absence of contact between the reactive species and the filament or the chamber wall.However,the existence of temperature gradients during growth may compromise the desired uniformity of the final diamond coatings.In the present work,a thick PCD coating was deposited on a 100-mm silicon substrate inside a 915-MHz reactor;the temperature gradient resulted in a non-uniform diamond coating.An attempt was made to relate the local temperature variation during deposition and the different properties of the final coating.It was found that there was large instability inside the system,in terms of substrate temperature(as high asΔT=212℃),that resulted in a large dispersion of the diamond coating’s final properties:residual stress(-15.8 GPa to+6.2 GPa),surface morphology(octahedral pyramids with(111)planes to cubo-octahedrals with(100)flat top surfaces),thickness(190μm to 245μm),columnar growth of diamond(with appearance of variety of nanostructures),nucleation side hardness(17 GPa to 48 GPa),quality(Raman peak FWHM varying from 5.1 cm^(-1) to 12.4 cm^(-1) with occasional splitting).This random variation in properties over large-area PCD coating may hamper reproducible diamond growth for any meaningful technological application.
