Have you ever thought that taking a tourism-related trip could contribute to your well-being or even improve your health status?Have you considered that tourism research could play a role in health science by showcasi...Have you ever thought that taking a tourism-related trip could contribute to your well-being or even improve your health status?Have you considered that tourism research could play a role in health science by showcasing new ways of thinking?Tourism scholars have recently contemplated tourism's place in public/global health[1]as a means of enriching the well-being of people living with conditions such as dementia.A seminal study using an interdisciplinary approach[2]integrated expertise in tourism,psychology,marketing,and medical science and proposed tourism as a dementia intervention based on positive psychology.展开更多
Objective:This general non-systematic review aimed to gather information on reported statistical models examing the effects of meteorological factors on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and compare these models.Metho...Objective:This general non-systematic review aimed to gather information on reported statistical models examing the effects of meteorological factors on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and compare these models.Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar were searched for studies on"meteorological factors and COVID-19"published between January 1,2020,and October 1,2022.Results:The most commonly used approaches for analyzing the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 were the linear regression model(LRM),generalized linear model(GLM),generalized additive model(GAM),and distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM).In addition to these classical models commonly applied in environmental epidemiology,machine learning techniques are increasingly being used to select risk factors for the outcome of interest and establishing robust prediction models.Conclusion:Selecting an appropriate model is essential before conducting research.To ensure the reliability of analysis results,it is important to consider including non-meteorological factors(e.g.,government policies on physical distancing,vaccination,and hygiene practices)along with meteorological factors in the model.展开更多
Life requires more than nucleic acids and proteins;sweet sugar molec ules could be ano ther life code beyond the central dogma of molecular biology.There are four equally important major building blocks of life:nuclei...Life requires more than nucleic acids and proteins;sweet sugar molec ules could be ano ther life code beyond the central dogma of molecular biology.There are four equally important major building blocks of life:nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,carbohydrates(glycans),and lipids.The first two are also known as the first and second alphabets of biology,following the principle of the"central dogma"of transcription(DNA to RNA)and trahslation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two crucial components,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology's central dogma Regarding the communi-cation between glycans and lipids,there may be a yet-to-be-discovered law:Does a paracentral dogma exist?This commentary focuses on glycans,the third alphabet of life,and their role in the sociomateriality of the cell,which provides a novel dimension of medical science-glycomedicine.展开更多
Immunoglobulin G(IgG)is the most abundant plasma glycoprotein and a prominent humoral immune mediator.Glycan composition affects the affinity of IgG to ligands and consequent immune responses.The modification of IgG N...Immunoglobulin G(IgG)is the most abundant plasma glycoprotein and a prominent humoral immune mediator.Glycan composition affects the affinity of IgG to ligands and consequent immune responses.The modification of IgG N-glycosylation is considered to be one of the various mechanisms by which sex hormones modulate the immune system.Although the menstrual cycle is the central sex hormonerelated physiological process in most women of reproductive age,IgG N-glycosylation dynamics during the menstrual cycle have not yet been investigated.To fill this gap,we profiled the plasma IgG Nglycans of 70 healthy premenopausal women at 12 time points during their menstrual cycles(every 7 days for 3 months)using hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography(HILIC-UPLC).We observed cyclic periodic changes in the N-glycosylation of IgG in association with the menstrual cycle phase and sex hormone concentration in plasma.On the integrated cohort level,the modeled average menstrual cycle effect on the abundance of IgG N-glycosylation traits was low for each trait,with the highest being 1.1%for agalactosylated N-glycans.However,intrapersonal changes were relatively high in some cases;for example,the largest difference between the minimum and maximum values during the menstrual cycle was up to 21%for sialylated N-glycans.Across all measurements,the menstrual cycle phase could explain up to 0.72%of the variation in the abundance of a single IgG glycosylation trait of monogalactosylation.In contrast,up to 99%of the variation in the abundance of digalactosylation could be attributed to interpersonal differences in IgG N-glycosylation.In conclusion,the average extent of changes in the IgG N-glycopattern that occur during the menstrual cycle is small;thus,the IgG N-glycoprofiling of women in large sample-size studies can be performed regardless of menstrual cycle phase.展开更多
1.Introduction,While classical laboratory and animal data have long established cannabinoid genotoxicity,it is only recently,with the application of modern analytical techniques,that the scale of epidemiological disea...1.Introduction,While classical laboratory and animal data have long established cannabinoid genotoxicity,it is only recently,with the application of modern analytical techniques,that the scale of epidemiological disease that may be attributable to cannabinoid exposure has been revealed.The importance and urgency of this work is heightened by the increased cannabis use that is accompanying the relaxation of legislation around cannabis use in many places,the widespread global movement toward cannabis legalization,and the general increase in the cannabinoid potency of available strains.Building on an original pathfinding epidemiological study of congenital anomalies in Hawaii,the United States[1]and confirmed by similar findings from Colorado in the United States,Canada,and Australia[2-4],contemporary studies in the United States and Europe have found that 46/62 and 90/95 congenital anomalies[5,6],respectively,are causally related to various metrics of cannabinoid exposure.Similar studies of cancer in the United States and Europe have found that 25/28 and 33/40 cancers,respectively,could be related to indices of cannabinoid exposure[7].Importantly,there was an almost complete overlap of findings wherever data allowed comparison.Recent investigations have utilized mixed effects,panel,robust,and spatiotemporal regression modeling;inverse probability weighting;and expected values(E-values)as primary tools of causal inference[5-7].The E-value measures the extent to which an association can be ascribed to confounding by other extraneous covariates[8].It has a 95%confidence interval(CI).Values greater than 9 are considered high[9].展开更多
BACKGROUND Gut microbiome(GM)composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy(ICB)and of ICBrelated colitis.AIM To conduct a systematic review on th...BACKGROUND Gut microbiome(GM)composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy(ICB)and of ICBrelated colitis.AIM To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB.METHODS The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO:CRD42021228018.From a total of 300 studies,nine studies met inclusion criteria.Two studies were phase I clinical trials,while the remainder were prospective observational studies.All but one study has moderate risk of bias.In addition,we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com).RESULTS Fecal samples enriched in Firmicutes phylum were associated with good response to ICB,whereas the Bacteroidales family was associated with poor response to ICB.Samples with greater GM diversity were associated with more favorable response to ICB[hazard ratio(HR)=3.57,95%confidence interval=1.02-12.52,P<0.05].Fecal samples with a higher abundance in Firmicutes were more susceptible to ICB-related colitis(P<0.01)whereas samples enriched in Bacteroidetes were more resistant to ICB-related colitis(P<0.05).Overall,there was limited concordance in the organisms in the GM identified to be associated with response to ICB,and studies evaluating GM diversity showed conflicting results.CONCLUSION This highlights the need for further prospective studies to confirm whether the GM could be used as a biomarker and potential intervention to modulate ICB response in melanoma patients.展开更多
Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“cen...Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“central dogma”of transcription(DNA to RNA)and translation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology’s central dogma.In fact,there may be an undiscovered law regarding communication between DNA,RNA,glycans,and lipids,and their roles in immunomodulation.Thus,it becomes necessary to ask:Does a paracentral dogma exist?Can glycans be the third life code-after the first and second life codes of nuclei acids and amino acids-for the materiality of the cell?展开更多
Epigenome-wide association studies(EWAS)are susceptible to widespread confounding caused by population structure and genetic relatedness.Nevertheless,kinship estimation is challenging in EWAS without genotyping data.H...Epigenome-wide association studies(EWAS)are susceptible to widespread confounding caused by population structure and genetic relatedness.Nevertheless,kinship estimation is challenging in EWAS without genotyping data.Here,we proposed MethylGenotyper,a method that for the first time enables accurate genotyping at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)directly from commercial DNA methylation microarrays.We modeled the intensities of methylation probes near SNPs with a mixture of three beta distributions corresponding to different genotypes and estimated parameters with an expectation-maximization algorithm.We conducted extensive simulations to demonstrate the performance of the method.When applying MethylGenotyper to the Infinium EPIC array data of 4662 Chinese samples,we obtained genotypes at 4319 SNPs with a concordance rate of 98.26%,enabling the identification of 255 pairs of close relatedness.Furthermore,we showed that MethylGenotyper allows for the estimation of both population structure and cryptic relatedness among 702 Australians of diverse ancestry.We also implemented MethylGenotyper in a publicly available R package(https://github.com/Yi-Jiang/MethylGenotyper)to facilitate future large-scale EWAS.展开更多
文摘Have you ever thought that taking a tourism-related trip could contribute to your well-being or even improve your health status?Have you considered that tourism research could play a role in health science by showcasing new ways of thinking?Tourism scholars have recently contemplated tourism's place in public/global health[1]as a means of enriching the well-being of people living with conditions such as dementia.A seminal study using an interdisciplinary approach[2]integrated expertise in tourism,psychology,marketing,and medical science and proposed tourism as a dementia intervention based on positive psychology.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8177120753)the China-Australia International Collaborative Grant(NHMRC APP1112767,NSFC 81561128020)Zheng Y L and Guo Z were supported by the Edith Cowan University Higher Degree by Research Scholarship(ECU-HDR ST10469322 and ST10468211).
文摘Objective:This general non-systematic review aimed to gather information on reported statistical models examing the effects of meteorological factors on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and compare these models.Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar were searched for studies on"meteorological factors and COVID-19"published between January 1,2020,and October 1,2022.Results:The most commonly used approaches for analyzing the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 were the linear regression model(LRM),generalized linear model(GLM),generalized additive model(GAM),and distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM).In addition to these classical models commonly applied in environmental epidemiology,machine learning techniques are increasingly being used to select risk factors for the outcome of interest and establishing robust prediction models.Conclusion:Selecting an appropriate model is essential before conducting research.To ensure the reliability of analysis results,it is important to consider including non-meteorological factors(e.g.,government policies on physical distancing,vaccination,and hygiene practices)along with meteorological factors in the model.
文摘Life requires more than nucleic acids and proteins;sweet sugar molec ules could be ano ther life code beyond the central dogma of molecular biology.There are four equally important major building blocks of life:nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,carbohydrates(glycans),and lipids.The first two are also known as the first and second alphabets of biology,following the principle of the"central dogma"of transcription(DNA to RNA)and trahslation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two crucial components,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology's central dogma Regarding the communi-cation between glycans and lipids,there may be a yet-to-be-discovered law:Does a paracentral dogma exist?This commentary focuses on glycans,the third alphabet of life,and their role in the sociomateriality of the cell,which provides a novel dimension of medical science-glycomedicine.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8177120753)China-Australia International Collaborative Grant(NHMRC APP1112767,NSFC 81561128020)to Wei Wang+1 种基金Zhiyuan Wu was supported by the China Scholarship Council(201908110447)Yulu Zheng and Zheng Guo were supported by the Edith Cowan University Higher Degree by Research Scholarship(ECU-HDR ST10469322 and ST10468211).
基金funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds grant for the Croatian National Centre of Research Excellence in Personalized Healthcare(KK.01.1.1.01)Australia-China International Collaborative Grant(NHMRC APP1112767-NSFC 81561128020)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773527 and 81573215)the European Structural and Investment Funds CEKOM(KK.01.2.2.03.0006).
文摘Immunoglobulin G(IgG)is the most abundant plasma glycoprotein and a prominent humoral immune mediator.Glycan composition affects the affinity of IgG to ligands and consequent immune responses.The modification of IgG N-glycosylation is considered to be one of the various mechanisms by which sex hormones modulate the immune system.Although the menstrual cycle is the central sex hormonerelated physiological process in most women of reproductive age,IgG N-glycosylation dynamics during the menstrual cycle have not yet been investigated.To fill this gap,we profiled the plasma IgG Nglycans of 70 healthy premenopausal women at 12 time points during their menstrual cycles(every 7 days for 3 months)using hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography(HILIC-UPLC).We observed cyclic periodic changes in the N-glycosylation of IgG in association with the menstrual cycle phase and sex hormone concentration in plasma.On the integrated cohort level,the modeled average menstrual cycle effect on the abundance of IgG N-glycosylation traits was low for each trait,with the highest being 1.1%for agalactosylated N-glycans.However,intrapersonal changes were relatively high in some cases;for example,the largest difference between the minimum and maximum values during the menstrual cycle was up to 21%for sialylated N-glycans.Across all measurements,the menstrual cycle phase could explain up to 0.72%of the variation in the abundance of a single IgG glycosylation trait of monogalactosylation.In contrast,up to 99%of the variation in the abundance of digalactosylation could be attributed to interpersonal differences in IgG N-glycosylation.In conclusion,the average extent of changes in the IgG N-glycopattern that occur during the menstrual cycle is small;thus,the IgG N-glycoprofiling of women in large sample-size studies can be performed regardless of menstrual cycle phase.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872682)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province of China(tsqn20161046)+2 种基金the Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University(2019RC010)the Shandong Province Higher Educational Young and Innovation Technology Supporting Program(2019KJL004)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong First Medical University.
文摘1.Introduction,While classical laboratory and animal data have long established cannabinoid genotoxicity,it is only recently,with the application of modern analytical techniques,that the scale of epidemiological disease that may be attributable to cannabinoid exposure has been revealed.The importance and urgency of this work is heightened by the increased cannabis use that is accompanying the relaxation of legislation around cannabis use in many places,the widespread global movement toward cannabis legalization,and the general increase in the cannabinoid potency of available strains.Building on an original pathfinding epidemiological study of congenital anomalies in Hawaii,the United States[1]and confirmed by similar findings from Colorado in the United States,Canada,and Australia[2-4],contemporary studies in the United States and Europe have found that 46/62 and 90/95 congenital anomalies[5,6],respectively,are causally related to various metrics of cannabinoid exposure.Similar studies of cancer in the United States and Europe have found that 25/28 and 33/40 cancers,respectively,could be related to indices of cannabinoid exposure[7].Importantly,there was an almost complete overlap of findings wherever data allowed comparison.Recent investigations have utilized mixed effects,panel,robust,and spatiotemporal regression modeling;inverse probability weighting;and expected values(E-values)as primary tools of causal inference[5-7].The E-value measures the extent to which an association can be ascribed to confounding by other extraneous covariates[8].It has a 95%confidence interval(CI).Values greater than 9 are considered high[9].
文摘BACKGROUND Gut microbiome(GM)composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy(ICB)and of ICBrelated colitis.AIM To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB.METHODS The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO:CRD42021228018.From a total of 300 studies,nine studies met inclusion criteria.Two studies were phase I clinical trials,while the remainder were prospective observational studies.All but one study has moderate risk of bias.In addition,we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com).RESULTS Fecal samples enriched in Firmicutes phylum were associated with good response to ICB,whereas the Bacteroidales family was associated with poor response to ICB.Samples with greater GM diversity were associated with more favorable response to ICB[hazard ratio(HR)=3.57,95%confidence interval=1.02-12.52,P<0.05].Fecal samples with a higher abundance in Firmicutes were more susceptible to ICB-related colitis(P<0.01)whereas samples enriched in Bacteroidetes were more resistant to ICB-related colitis(P<0.05).Overall,there was limited concordance in the organisms in the GM identified to be associated with response to ICB,and studies evaluating GM diversity showed conflicting results.CONCLUSION This highlights the need for further prospective studies to confirm whether the GM could be used as a biomarker and potential intervention to modulate ICB response in melanoma patients.
文摘Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“central dogma”of transcription(DNA to RNA)and translation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology’s central dogma.In fact,there may be an undiscovered law regarding communication between DNA,RNA,glycans,and lipids,and their roles in immunomodulation.Thus,it becomes necessary to ask:Does a paracentral dogma exist?Can glycans be the third life code-after the first and second life codes of nuclei acids and amino acids-for the materiality of the cell?
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82325044 and 82021005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M701318)+2 种基金the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022CFA046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.2019kfyXJJS036 and 2023BR030 of HUST)funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia(Grant Nos.GNT1161706 and GNT1151854).
文摘Epigenome-wide association studies(EWAS)are susceptible to widespread confounding caused by population structure and genetic relatedness.Nevertheless,kinship estimation is challenging in EWAS without genotyping data.Here,we proposed MethylGenotyper,a method that for the first time enables accurate genotyping at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)directly from commercial DNA methylation microarrays.We modeled the intensities of methylation probes near SNPs with a mixture of three beta distributions corresponding to different genotypes and estimated parameters with an expectation-maximization algorithm.We conducted extensive simulations to demonstrate the performance of the method.When applying MethylGenotyper to the Infinium EPIC array data of 4662 Chinese samples,we obtained genotypes at 4319 SNPs with a concordance rate of 98.26%,enabling the identification of 255 pairs of close relatedness.Furthermore,we showed that MethylGenotyper allows for the estimation of both population structure and cryptic relatedness among 702 Australians of diverse ancestry.We also implemented MethylGenotyper in a publicly available R package(https://github.com/Yi-Jiang/MethylGenotyper)to facilitate future large-scale EWAS.
