Tumours of the ampulla of Vater are relatively uncommon lesions of the digestive system.They are typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than other types of tumours in this region,due to their tendency to invoke sympt...Tumours of the ampulla of Vater are relatively uncommon lesions of the digestive system.They are typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than other types of tumours in this region,due to their tendency to invoke symptoms by obstructing the bile duct or pancreatic duct.Consequently,many are potentially curable by excision.Surgical ampullectomy(SA)(or transduodenal ampullectomy)for an ampullary tumour was first described in 1899,but was soon surpassed by pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),which offered a more extensive resection resulting in a lower risk of recurrence.Ongoing innovation in endoscopic techniques over recent decades has led to the popularization of endoscopic papillectomy(EP),particularly for adenomas and even early cancers.The vast majority of resectable ampullary tumours are now treated using either PD or EP.However,SA continues to play a role in specific circumstances.Many authors have suggested specific indications for SA based on their own data,practices,or interpretations of the literature.However,certain issues have attracted controversy,such as its use for early ampullary cancers.Consequently,there has been a lack of clarity regarding indications for SA,and no evidence-based consensus guidelines have been produced.All studies reporting SA have employed observational designs,and have been heterogeneous in their methodologies.Accordingly,characteristics of patients and their tumours have differed substantially across treatment groups.Therefore,meaningful comparisons of clinical outcomes between SA,PD and EP have been elusive.Nevertheless,it appears that suitably selected cases of ampullary tumours subjected to SA may benefit from favourable peri-operative and long-term outcomes with very low mortality and significantly long survival,hence its role in this setting warrants further clarification,while it can also be useful in the management of specific benign entities.Whilst the commissioning of a randomised controlled trial seems unlikely,well-designed observational studies incorporating adjustments for confounding variables may become the best available comparative evidence for SA,potentially informing the eventual development of consensus guidelines.In this comprehensive review,we explore the role of SA in the modern management of ampullary lesions.展开更多
糖尿病足给全球糖尿病患者以及卫生保健系统带来沉重的负担。国际糖尿病足工作组(The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot,IWGDF)自1999年起一直致力于制定基于循证的糖尿病足防治指南。2019年,在文献系统综述以及全球...糖尿病足给全球糖尿病患者以及卫生保健系统带来沉重的负担。国际糖尿病足工作组(The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot,IWGDF)自1999年起一直致力于制定基于循证的糖尿病足防治指南。2019年,在文献系统综述以及全球多学科领域专家推荐意见的基础上,对IWGDF的所有指南进行了更新。本实践指南在IWGDF指南第六部分的基础上阐述了糖尿病足的预防、分类和治疗的基本原则。同时,阐述了如何基于这些原则从组织层面成功地预防与治疗糖尿病足,并提供了用于辅助糖尿病足筛查的附录(见附录1和附表1)。本实践指南针对的是全球参与糖尿病患者医疗照护的医务人员。全球大量的研究证实,实施这些防治原则与降低糖尿病相关的下肢截肢发生率有关。我们希望这些更新的实践指南能继续作为有效参考文件以帮助卫生保健人员减轻全球糖尿病足的负担。展开更多
文摘Tumours of the ampulla of Vater are relatively uncommon lesions of the digestive system.They are typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than other types of tumours in this region,due to their tendency to invoke symptoms by obstructing the bile duct or pancreatic duct.Consequently,many are potentially curable by excision.Surgical ampullectomy(SA)(or transduodenal ampullectomy)for an ampullary tumour was first described in 1899,but was soon surpassed by pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),which offered a more extensive resection resulting in a lower risk of recurrence.Ongoing innovation in endoscopic techniques over recent decades has led to the popularization of endoscopic papillectomy(EP),particularly for adenomas and even early cancers.The vast majority of resectable ampullary tumours are now treated using either PD or EP.However,SA continues to play a role in specific circumstances.Many authors have suggested specific indications for SA based on their own data,practices,or interpretations of the literature.However,certain issues have attracted controversy,such as its use for early ampullary cancers.Consequently,there has been a lack of clarity regarding indications for SA,and no evidence-based consensus guidelines have been produced.All studies reporting SA have employed observational designs,and have been heterogeneous in their methodologies.Accordingly,characteristics of patients and their tumours have differed substantially across treatment groups.Therefore,meaningful comparisons of clinical outcomes between SA,PD and EP have been elusive.Nevertheless,it appears that suitably selected cases of ampullary tumours subjected to SA may benefit from favourable peri-operative and long-term outcomes with very low mortality and significantly long survival,hence its role in this setting warrants further clarification,while it can also be useful in the management of specific benign entities.Whilst the commissioning of a randomised controlled trial seems unlikely,well-designed observational studies incorporating adjustments for confounding variables may become the best available comparative evidence for SA,potentially informing the eventual development of consensus guidelines.In this comprehensive review,we explore the role of SA in the modern management of ampullary lesions.
文摘糖尿病足给全球糖尿病患者以及卫生保健系统带来沉重的负担。国际糖尿病足工作组(The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot,IWGDF)自1999年起一直致力于制定基于循证的糖尿病足防治指南。2019年,在文献系统综述以及全球多学科领域专家推荐意见的基础上,对IWGDF的所有指南进行了更新。本实践指南在IWGDF指南第六部分的基础上阐述了糖尿病足的预防、分类和治疗的基本原则。同时,阐述了如何基于这些原则从组织层面成功地预防与治疗糖尿病足,并提供了用于辅助糖尿病足筛查的附录(见附录1和附表1)。本实践指南针对的是全球参与糖尿病患者医疗照护的医务人员。全球大量的研究证实,实施这些防治原则与降低糖尿病相关的下肢截肢发生率有关。我们希望这些更新的实践指南能继续作为有效参考文件以帮助卫生保健人员减轻全球糖尿病足的负担。
