Recent antibacterial agents from biomass derivatives:Characteristics and applications

Enhancing awareness of personal cleanliness and antibacterial resistance has intensified the antibacterial substance request on consumable products. Antibacterial agents that have been commercialized nowadays are produced from inorganic and non-renewable substances. This provides several drawbacks, particularly against health and environmental issues. Therefore, many scientists work on substituting fossil-fuel-based antibacterial agents with natural ones such as from biomass. Biomass derivatives, natural abundances of biopolymers in the world, amount to major compounds including polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitosan) and polyphenol (tannin and lignin) substances which are capable to combat the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. To date, no report focuses on a deep understanding of antibacterial properties derived from biomass and the internal and external factors effects. This work provides that gap because comprehensive knowledge is necessary before applying biomass to the products. The potency of biomass derivatives as antibacterial additives is also summarized. Basic knowledge of antibacterial characteristics to the application in products is highlighted in this review. Besides, the discussion about challenges and future perspectives is also delivered.

Study on characterization of bio-oil derived from sugarcane bagasse(Saccharum barberi)for application as biofuel

Lignocellulosic biomass especially,sugarcane bagasse Saccharum barberi sp.,appears to be a more suitable material for partial substi-tution of transport fuel(diesel)than Saccharum officinarum sp.,due to its structural similarity to transport fuel(diesel).Besides that,less research has been implemented on this type of species.Bio-oil can be implemented as biodiesel by processing it further using chemical reactions such as hydrodeoxygenation and cracking with zeolite catalyst.Hence,the purpose of this study is to determine the compatibility of pyrolytic bio-oil produced from Saccharum barberi sp.in comparison with S.officinarum sp.for use as transport fuel(diesel)in automotive applications.This purpose can be accomplished by comparing the oil’s bio-physiochemical properties for both species.The experiment is conducted on a bench-scale on which bio-oil of Saccharum barberi sp.is secured from the catalytic pyrolysis process at a temperature of 500°C and heating rate of 50°C/min with the addition of ZSM-Zeolite catalyst.Thermogravimetric analysis of Saccharum barberi sp.reveals that cellulose is more reactive than lignin,evidenced by the high percentage of weight loss at tem-peratures ranging from 251°C to 390°C.The high contents of carbon(40.7%)and hydrogen(6.50%),as well as slight traces of sulphur(0.08%)and nitrogen(0.85%),in bio-oil(Saccharum barberi sp.)indicate that it is conceivable to be partially used for replacement in biofuel production.Overall physiochemical properties reveal that Saccharum barberi sp.shows more potential than S.officinarum sp.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis reveals that bio-oil consists of high amounts of aromatic hydrocarbon(26.2%),phenol(14.8%)and furfural(13.0%)in comparison to S.officinarum sp.