Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of...Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.展开更多
The high occurrence rate and difficulties in symptom control are listed as the major problems of oral mucosal disease by medical professionals.Following the development of oral mucosal lesions,the oral microenvironmen...The high occurrence rate and difficulties in symptom control are listed as the major problems of oral mucosal disease by medical professionals.Following the development of oral mucosal lesions,the oral microenvironment changes,immunity declines,and continuous bacterial stimulation causes wound infection.Traditional antibacterial drugs are ineffective for oral mucosal lesions.To overcome this problem,a light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel containing sustained-release BMSCs was inspired by the trauma environment in the oral cavity,which is different from that on the body surface since it mostly remains under dark conditions.In the absence of light,the hydrogel seals the wound to form a barrier,exerts a natural bacteriostatic effect,and prevents invasion by foreign bacteria.Simultaneously,mesenchymal stem cells are presented,and the released growth factors and other substances have excellent anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects,which result in rapid repair of the damaged site.Under light conditions,after photo-induced shedding of the hydrogel,RuB_(2)A exerts an antibacterial effect accompanied by degradation of the hydrogel.Results in a rat oral mucosal repair model demonstrate that DCS-RuB_(2)A_(2)-BMSCs could rapidly repair the oral mucosa within 4 days.Sequencing data provide ideas for further analysis of the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Taken together,our results suggest that this light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel loaded with BMSCs can be used for rapid wound repair and may advance the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of clinical oral mucosal defects.展开更多
基金The authors are thankful to Ministry of Human Resource Development(presently Ministry of Education),Government of India,New Delhi,for providing research facility by sanctioning Center of Excellence(F.No.5-6/2013-TS VII)in Tissue Engineering and Center of Excellence in Orthopedic Tissue Engineering and Rehabilitation funded by World Bank under TEQIP-II.
文摘Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program, No. 2007CB914800 to Xiaodong Zhang）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570698 to Xiaodong Zhang） and Tianjin Natural Scientific Foundation （No. 033801211 to Xiaodong Zhang）.
基金This work was sponsored by The CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-I2M-1-012)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0113000,2018YFA0109800)+1 种基金Basic Research Program of Shanghai(20JC1412200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971324).
文摘The high occurrence rate and difficulties in symptom control are listed as the major problems of oral mucosal disease by medical professionals.Following the development of oral mucosal lesions,the oral microenvironment changes,immunity declines,and continuous bacterial stimulation causes wound infection.Traditional antibacterial drugs are ineffective for oral mucosal lesions.To overcome this problem,a light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel containing sustained-release BMSCs was inspired by the trauma environment in the oral cavity,which is different from that on the body surface since it mostly remains under dark conditions.In the absence of light,the hydrogel seals the wound to form a barrier,exerts a natural bacteriostatic effect,and prevents invasion by foreign bacteria.Simultaneously,mesenchymal stem cells are presented,and the released growth factors and other substances have excellent anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects,which result in rapid repair of the damaged site.Under light conditions,after photo-induced shedding of the hydrogel,RuB_(2)A exerts an antibacterial effect accompanied by degradation of the hydrogel.Results in a rat oral mucosal repair model demonstrate that DCS-RuB_(2)A_(2)-BMSCs could rapidly repair the oral mucosa within 4 days.Sequencing data provide ideas for further analysis of the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Taken together,our results suggest that this light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel loaded with BMSCs can be used for rapid wound repair and may advance the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of clinical oral mucosal defects.
