Meta-analysis of CO_(2) conversion,energy efficiency,and other performance data of plasma-catalysis reactors with the open access PIONEER database

This paper brings the comparison of performances of CO_(2)conversion by plasma and plasma-assisted catalysis based on the data collected from literature in this field,organised in an open access online database.This tool is open to all users to carry out their own analyses,but also to contributors who wish to add their data to the database in order to improve the relevance of the comparisons made,and ultimately to improve the efficiency of CO_(2)conversion by plasma-catalysis.The creation of this database and database user interface is motivated by the fact that plasma-catalysis is a fast-growing field for all CO_(2)conversion processes,be it methanation,dry reforming of methane,methanolisation,or others.As a result of this rapid increase,there is a need for a set of standard procedures to rigorously compare performances of different systems.However,this is currently not possible because the fundamental mechanisms of plasma-catalysis are still too poorly understood to define these standard procedures.Fortunately however,the accumulated data within the CO_(2)plasma-catalysis community has become large enough to warrant so-called“big data”studies more familiar in the fields of medicine and the social sciences.To enable comparisons between multiple data sets and make future research more effective,this work proposes the first database on CO_(2)conversion performances by plasma-catalysis open to the whole community.This database has been initiated in the framework of a H_(2)0_(2)0 European project and is called the“PIONEER Data Base”.The database gathers a large amount of CO_(2)conversion performance data such as conversion rate,energy efficiency,and selectivity for numerous plasma sources coupled with or without a catalyst.Each data set is associated with metadata describing the gas mixture,the plasma source,the nature of the catalyst,and the form of coupling with the plasma.Beyond the database itself,a data extraction tool with direct visualisation features or advanced filtering functionalities has been developed and is available online to the public.The simple and fast visualisation of the state of the art puts new results into context,identifies literal gaps in data,and consequently points towards promising research routes.More advanced data extraction illustrates the impact that the database can have in the understanding of plasma-catalyst coupling.Lessons learned from the review of a large amount of literature during the setup of the database lead to best practice advice to increase comparability between future CO_(2)plasma-catalytic studies.Finally,the community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the database not only to increase the visibility of their data but also the relevance of the comparisons allowed by this tool.

New approaches for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease:a fascinating challenge

The prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is the new challenge for pharmaceutical industry,but also for public institutions,physicians,patients,and their families.The spread of these pathologies is,in fact,a real social problem,especially in the Western Countries where the population age is increasing and chronic diseases are more and more common.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Lead(Ⅱ) and Cadmium(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymers Constructed from Biphenyl-2,5,3′-tricarboxylate

Two coordination polymers, namely [Pb（Hbtc）（phen）]n（1） and {[Cd3（btc）2（H2O）4]·2H2O}n（2, H3btc = biphenyl-2,5,3＇-tricarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）, were assembled. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that compound 1 possesses a zigzag chain 1D coordination network, which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture via O–H···O hydrogen bonds and π-π packing interactions. Compound 2 features a 3D open framework based on a tricadmium（II） subunit, generating a trinodal 4,4,6-connected net with the 4,4,6T24 topology defined by the point symbol of（44·62）3（46·69）2. Thermal stability and luminescent properties of both compounds were studied and discussed.

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt(Ⅱ) and Manganese(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymers Constructed from 5-(Pyridin-4-yl)Isophthalate Ligands

Two coordination polymers, namely {[Co（L）（H2O）]·H2O}n （1） and [Mn（L）（phen）]n （2, H2L = 5-（pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline）, have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, magnetic properties, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pī with α = 7.2188（7）, b = 10.0835（8）, c = 10.2069（7） ？, α = 113.713（7）, β = 99.490（7）, γ = 104.516（8）o, V = 628.24（9） ？3, C13H11NCoO6, Mr = 336.16, Z = 2, Dc = 1.777 Mg/m3, μ（MoKα） = 1.395 mm–1, F（000） = 342, S = 1.041, the final R = 0.0381 and wR = 0.0819 for 3744 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0448 and wR = 0.0874 for all data. 2 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2/c with α = 12.9185（3）, b = 10.4343（2）, c = 31.7650（6） ？, β = 101.282（2）o, V = 4199.08（13） ？3, C50H30N6Mn2O8, Mr = 952.68, Z = 4, Dc = 1.507 Mg/m3, μ（MoKα） = 5.447 mm–1, F（000） = 1944, S = 1.128, the final R = 0.1003 and wR = 0.1052 for 8247 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I）） and R = 0.2595 and wR = 0.2625 for all data. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that compound 1 features a 2D sheet structure based on a dicobalt（II） subunit, which is further extended into a 3D metal-organic supramolecular framework by O–H… hydrogen bond. Compound 2 also possesses a 2D sheet, which is held together into a 3D supramolecular architecture via C–H… hydrogen bond and π-π stacking interactions. Magnetic studies for compound 2 show antiferromagnetic coupling between the adjacent metal centers, with J = –11.8 cm–1 and g = 2.12 for 2.

Preconcentration of Germanium(IV) on Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Modified with Aminobenzoic Acids and Its Spectrophotometric Determination with Bis(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenylazo)benzidine

The styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was chemically modi?ed, in the presence of formaldehyde, with 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid or 4-aminobenzoic acid giving sorbents S1 and S2, respectively. The specific sorption behaviour of S1 and S2 towards germanium(IV) was examined and optimized, the preconcentrated germanium(IV) after desorption being spectrophotometrically quantified with bis(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenylazo)benzidine in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine, phenanthroline and 2,2’-bipyridine. The dynamic sorption capacity and detection limits (3σ, n = 17) of germanium were found to be 152.2 and 127.1 mg·g–1, and 0.9 and 1.1 ng·mL–1, for S1 and S2, accordingly. The application of S1 and S2 was demonstrated for the selective preconcentration/determination of germanium in seawater and water obtained after oil pumping.

Structural effects induced by dialysis-based purification of carbon nanomaterials

Dialysis plays a crucial role in the purification of nanomaterials but its impact on the structural properties of carbon nanomaterials was never investigated.Herein,a carbon-based nanomaterial generated electrochemically in potassium phosphate buffer,was characterized before and after dialysis against pure water.It is shown that dialysis affects the size of the carbon domains,structural organization,surface functionalization,oxidation degree of carbon,and grade of amorphicity.Accordingly,dialysis drives the nanomaterial organization from discrete roundish carbon domains,with sizes ranging from 70 to 160 nm,towards linear stacking structures of small nanoparticles(<15 nm).In parallel,alcohol and ether(epoxide)surface groups evolve into more oxidized carbon groups(e.g.,ketone and ester groups).Investigation of the as-prepared nanomaterial by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)revealed a resonance signal consistent with carbon-oxygen centred radicals.Additionally,this study brings to light the selective affinity of the carbon nanomaterial under study to capture Na^(+)ions,a property greatly enhanced by the dialysis process,and its high ability to trap oxygen,particularly before dialysis.These findings open new perspectives for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials and raise awareness of the importance of structural changes that can occur during the purification of carbon-based nanomaterials.

Degradation of duloxetine: Identification of transformation products by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS/MS,in silico toxicity and wastewater analysis

Duloxetine(DUL), an antidepressant drug, has been detected in surface water and wastewater effluents, however, there is little information on the formation of its transformation products(TPs). In this work, hydrolysis, photodegradation(UV irradiation) and chlorination experiments were performed on spiked distillated water, under controlled experimental conditions to simulate abiotic processes that can occur in the environment and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs). Eleven TPs, nine from reaction with UV light and two from chlorine contact, were formed and detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nine of them had their chemical structures elucidated upon analyses of their fragmentation patterns in MS/MS spectra. The formation and degradation of the TPs were observed. The parent compound was completely degraded after30 min in photodegradation and after 24 hr in chlorination. Almost all TPs were completely degraded in the experiments. The ecotoxicity and mutagenicity of the TPs were predicted based on several in silico models and it was found that a few of these products presented more ecotoxicity than DUL itself and six TPs showed positive mutagenicity. Finally, wastewater samples were analyzed and DUL and one TP, possibly formed by chlorination process, were detected in the effluent, which showed that WWTP not only did not remove DUL, but also formed a TP.

A comparative study on emergent pollutants photo-assisted degradation using ruthenium modified titanate nanotubes and nanowires as catalysts

Several methods have been used to tailor nanomaterials structure and properties.Sometimes,slight changes in the structure outcomes expressive improvements in the optical and photocatalytic properties of semiconductor nanoparticles.In this context,the influence of the metal doping and the morphology on a catalyst performance was studied in this work.Here,ruthenium doped titanate nanotubes(RuTNT)were synthesised for the first time using an amorphous Ru-containing precursor.Afterwards,the photocatalytic performance of this sample was compared to the one obtained for ruthenium titanate nanowires(RuTNW),recently reported.Two samples,RuTNW and RuTNT,were produced using the same Ru-containing precursor but distinct hydrothermal methodologies.The powders were structural,morphological and optical characterized by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence,transmission electron microscopy,Raman,X-ray photoelectron and photoluminescence spectroscopies.Distinct variations on the structural and optical properties of the RuTNT and RuTNW nanoparticles,due to ruthenium incorporation were observed.Their potential use as photocatalysts was evaluated on the hydroxyl radical photo-assisted production.Both samples were catalytic for this reaction,presenting better performances than the pristine counterparts,being RuTNT the best photocatalyst.Subsequently,the degradation of two emergent pollutants,caffeine and sulfamethazine,was studied.RuTNT demonstrated to be better photocatalyst than RuTNW for caffeine but identical performances were obtained for sulfamethazine.For both catalysts,the degradation mechanism of the pollutants was explored through the identification and quantification of the intermediate compounds produced and several differences were found.This indicates the importance of the structural and morphological aspects of a material on its catalytic performance.