The landscape and flux of a minimum network motif,Wu Xing

Wu-Xing theory is an ancient philosophy that serves as a guiding principle in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It has been used to explain the unbalance among the TCM organ systems in disease states and provide treatment philosophy qualitatively.Until now,it is still a challenge to explore the Wu-Xing theory beyond its philosophical nature.In this study,we established a quantitative framework using the landscape and flux theory to characterize the nature of the WuXing theory from a perspective of a minimal network motif and leave certain specific functional aspects of Wu-Xing theory for future exploration.We uncovered the irregular ring shape of projection landscape for the Wu-Xing network with several local basins and barriers.We found that the dynamics of the self-organized Wu-Xing system was determined by the underlying negative landscape gradient force and the nonequilibrium rotational flux.While the shape of the WuXing landscape determines the stabilities of the states,the rotational flux guarantees the persistent periodic oscillation and the stability of the flow.This provides a physical and quantitative basis for Yin–Yang duality of the driving forces for determining the dynamics and behaviors of the living systems.Applying landscape and flux analysis,we can identify the key parameter for the dynamics/function of Wu-Xing network.These findings allow us to have a deeper understanding of the scientific merits of the ancient Wu-Xing theory from the network motif perspective.

Emerging contaminants:A One Health perspective

Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet.In response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution Prevention.This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach.Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels.Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.