Integration of uniform design and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization to the robust design for a railway vehicle suspension system under different wheel conicities and wheel rolling radii

This paper proposes a systematic method, integrating the uniform design (UD) of experiments and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), to solve the problem of a robust design for a railway vehicle suspension system. Based on the new nonlinear creep model derived from combining Hertz contact theory, Kalker's linear theory and a heuristic nonlinear creep model, the modeling and dynamic analysis of a 24 degree-of-freedom railway vehicle system were investigated. The Lyapunov indirect method was used to examine the effects of suspension parameters, wheel conicities and wheel rolling radii on critical hunting speeds. Generally, the critical hunting speeds of a vehicle system resulting from worn wheels with different wheel rolling radii are lower than those of a vehicle system having original wheels without different wheel rolling radii. Because of worn wheels, the critical hunting speed of a running railway vehicle substantially declines over the long term. For safety reasons, it is necessary to design the suspension system parameters to increase the robustness of the system and decrease the sensitive of wheel noises. By applying UD and QPSO, the nominal-the-best signal-to-noise ratio of the system was increased from -48.17 to -34.05 dB. The rate of improvement was 29.31%. This study has demonstrated that the integration of UD and QPSO can successfully reveal the optimal solution of suspension parameters for solving the robust design problem of a railway vehicle suspension system.

Interactions of nonlinear gravity waves and uniform current in Lagrangian system

The particle trajectory on a weakly nonlinear progressive surface wave obliquely interacting with a uniform current is studied by using an Euler-Lagrange transformation.The third-order asymptotic solution is a periodic bounded function of Lagrangian labels and time,which imply that the entire solution is uniformly-valid.The explicit parametric solution highlights the trajectory of a water particle and mass transport associated with a particle displacement can now be obtained directly in Lagrangian form.The angular frequency and Lagrangian mean level of the particle motion in Lagrangian form differ from those of the Eulerian.The variations in the water particle orbits resulting from the oblique interaction with a steady uniform current of different magnitudes are also investigated.

Digital finance and renewable energy consumption:evidence from China

While digital finance and renewable energy consumption(REC)are two timely issues,it remains unclear whether the former affects the latter,especially in developing economies.This paper examines the impact of digital finance on China’s REC between 2011 and 2018 and explores the underlying mechanisms.Results show that digital finance,along with its coverage breadth and usage depth,significantly improved REC in China and that digital finance in the area of credit has had the most significant impact.Additionally,the results show that loan scale and income level are the main mediation variables,through which digital finance affects REC.The findings also suggest that economic growth and technological progress have increased REC in China,while carbon dioxide emissions have had no meaningful effect on this consumption.The results further indicate that policymakers must pay close attention to the role of digital finance when formulating policies on REC.To promote REC and environmental sustainability,developing economies like China should strengthen the breadth and depth of digital finance development,focus on the influence channels of digital finance,and promote economic growth and technological progress.

A Study on the Mode Shape Piezoelectric Motor

In this paper, we try to use the coating of effective electrode surface and change the direction of polarization to design the mode shape piezoelectric motors of the first three modes. We also com-pare the gain of the mode shape piezoelectric motors with respect to the normal shape piezoelectric motor, including rotational speed, loading ability, torque, phase angle conversion and efficiency. According to the results of theoretical and simulation analysis, we have found that the gain of the mode shape piezoelectric stators are larger than the normal shape piezoelectric stator on average. According to the results of experiments, we found that the gain of the rotational speed, loading ability, torque, driving phase angle conversion and efficiency of the mode shape (MS1 - 3) piezoelectric motors are higher than the normal shape piezoelectric motor (NS) under driving condition of the second vibration mode. Also, the gain of the rotational speed and loading ability of the mode shape 2 (MS2) piezoelectric motor are higher than other shapes piezoelectric motors (NS, MS1 and MS3) under driving condition of the second vibration mode. The used maximum rotational speed of the mode shape 2 (MS2) piezoelectric motor is up to 946 rpm under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 10.7 kHz driving frequency, 0o driving phase angle and 13.0 gw net weight. The maximum loading ability and torque of the mode shape 2 (MS2) piezoelectric motor is respectively 451 gw and 0.91 mkgw-m under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 10.7 kHz driving frequency, 0o driving phase angle and 173 rpm rotational speed. And the gain of efficiency (output power) and maximum loading ability (torque) of the mode shape 2 (MS2) piezoelectric motor are respectively 2.28 and 1.54 with respect to the normal shape piezoelectric motor under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 10.7 kHz driving frequency and 0o driving phase angle. According to the results of the experiments, we have finally found that the piezoelectric motors (NS and MS1 - 3) can be driven only by the second vibration mode because the stator can produce elliptical motion and allows the rotor to generate orientation rotation. However, the first vibration mode can allow the rotor to be rotated very fast but it can’t make the rotation of the rotor orientation. Furthermore, we also found that the rotor can’t rotate by the third vibration mode because its vibration energy is absorbed by the structure itself, so causing the rotor stagnation.

Decision-Making of Enterprise Leaders From the Perspective of Organizational Neuroscience

Organizational neuroscience(ON)is an emerging discipline that provides effective interpretations and greater understanding of modern organizational operation.ON covers a variety of disciplines,including physiological psychology,cognitive psychology,and neuropsychology,as well as the study of management,industrial/organizational psychology,and consultants.So far,ON has made many contributions to organization studies.Given the rapid development of neuroscience,many scholars have studied the leadership behaviors of organizational leaders from this emerging perspective.However,not all neuroscience studies investigate the differences between specific leaders.In particular,previous neuroscience studies have not touched on the neuroscientific effects found during the issue of and response to instructions between leaders and followers.This study extends previous ON studies to other organizational factors,including leadership style,organizational atmosphere,and job performance.In the future,an empirical study will be conducted to guide the practical applications of ON.

Particle Trajectories in Nonlinear Water Wave on Uniform Current

The study in this paper is focusing on trajectories of particles in the irrotational progressive water waves coexisting with uniform current. The parametric equations of particle trajectories over a range of levels in a Lagrangian type of description are developed analytically via the Euler-Lagrange transformation. The Lagrangian wave period of particle motion differing from the Eulerian wave period and the mass transport can also be obtained directly. The third-order solution of particle trajectory exhibits that they do not move in closed orbital motion but represent a net movement that decreases exponentially with the water depth. Uniform current is found to have significant effect on the trajectories and drift velocity of gravity waves. Overall, the influence of increased uniform current is to increase the relative horizontal distance traveled by a particle, as well as the magnitude of the time-averaged drift velocity on the free surface. For adverse current cases, a reverse behavior is found. The obtained third-order solutions satisfy the irrotational condition contrasted to the Gerstner waves and are verified by reducing to those of two-dimensional gravity waves in Lagrangian coordinates.

Study on Architecture-Oriented Information Security Management Model for Using Mobile Devices Control

The popularization of mobile devices has caused considerable impact on the security of the military of the Republic of China.The military barrack-areas have long been faced the control of mobile devices four issues:the lack of accurate use of resources,the lack of protection of the mobile device from the overall point of view,the unclear division of responsibility among specialized agencies,and unclear members’responsibilities for their own duties.This study applies the structure behavior coalescence(SBC)methodology to integrate the organizational structure of the participating management and control units with effective management behaviors in a visualized and useful manner.The units can effectively communicate with each other and solve the four issues faced by the military barrack-areas for the control of mobile devices.This research fulfills improving the lack of control of the military mobile devices by using of management resources effectively and the establishment of mobile devices management with the overall concept,and strengthening the rights and responsibilities and information security awareness,through the logical verification and enterprise interview results.

Chaotic movement of vortices in superconductors of high-T_c superconducting maglev system at a high speed

Vortex motion in superconductors of high-To superconducting maglev system is studied by a computational simulation. The vortex system is treated in a similar fashion, as a system where defects are arranged in periodic arrays and driven by an alternating current （AC） field. Computational simulation reveals that due to the high nonlinearity of the vortex-defect interaction, the system shows typical chaotic characters. Effects of the vortex-vortex coupling, the driving frequency, and the vortex viscosity on the vortex motion have been studied to reveal the interaction between the spatial and temporal chaos. It is found that the mean-field approach is a good approximation to describe the vortex motion in one dimensional vortex system under an AC driving field. The vortex motion under the damping mode is a kind of self-organized motion. Lastly, the spatial chaos can dominate the chaotic behavior of the system.

Simulations of Rayleigh’s Wave on Curved Surface

Impulsive line load in a half-space (Lamb’s problem) can be solved with a closed form solution. This solution is helpful for understanding the phenomenon of Rayleigh’s waves. In this article, we use a boundary element method to simulate the solution of an elastic solid with a curved free surface under impact loading. This problem is considered difficult for numerical methods. Lamb’s problem is calculated first to verify the method. Then the method is applied on the problems with different surface curvatures. The method simulates the phenomenon of Rayleigh’s wave propagating on a curved surface very well. The results are shown in figures.

Battery Energy Storage System and Demand Response Based Optimal Virtual Power Plant Operation

With certain controllability of various distribution energy resources (DERs) such as battery energy storage system (BESS), demand response (DR) and distributed generations (DGs), virtual power plant (VPP) can suitably regulate the powers access to the distribution network. In this paper, an optimal VPP operating problem is used to optimize the charging/discharging schedule of each BESS and the DR scheme with the objective to maximize the benefit by regulating the supplied powers over daily 24 hours. The proposed solution method is composed of an iterative dynamic programming optimal BESS schedule approach and a particle swarm optimization based (PSO-based) DR scheme approach. The two approaches are executed alternatively until the minimum elec-tricity cost of the whole day is obtained. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed with the obviously decreased supplied powers in the peak-load hours and the largely reduced electricity cost.

A Study on the Linear Piezoelectric Motor of Mode Shape

In this paper, we want to make a new type linear piezoelectric motor by mode shape coating or effective electrode surface coating. The mode shape is derived from the mechanical boundary conditions of the linear piezoelectric motor. We only have access to the first three modes of formas, the effective electrode surface coating basis, as well as with the linear piezoelectric motor of normal shape do comparison. Next, we will inspect their gain or axial velocity through theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. According to the results of the theoretical analysis, we have found that the gain or axial velocity of the linear piezoelectric motors of mode shape is much larger than the linear piezoelectric motors of normal shape. However, according to the results of simulation and experiments, we have found that the gain or axial velocity of the linear piezoelectric motors of mode shape is much greater than the linear piezoelectric motors of normal shape, which is about 1.2 to 1.4 times. The linear piezoelectric motor of mode shape 3 has the fastest axial velocity, which is about -48 mm/s and 48 mm/s under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 21.2 kHz driving frequency (the third vibration modal), 25 gw loading and the position of loading or mass at x = 5 mm & 45 mm respectively. And its axial velocity is about 1.4 times the linear piezoelectric motor of normal shape under the same conditions. Overall, the mode shape coating helps to enhance the gain or axial velocity of the linear piezoelectric motor.

A Study on the Multiple Composite Piezoelectric Motor

In this study, we major discuss a multiple composite piezoelectric motor. It is made by the base, the multiple composite piezoelectric stator and the preload adjusting module. The multiple composite piezoelectric stator is composed of the base, the first actuating element, the second actuating element and stator. The first actuating element is composed of the longitudinal and the first bending vibration modules, in which the first bending vibration module includes the horizontal and vertical bending vibration modules. And the second actuating element or bending vibration modules, wherein the second actuating element also includes the horizontal and vertical bending vibration modules. In addition, the preload adjusting module includes the limiting element, spring, washer and nut. In order to obtain the best vibration modes of the multiple composite piezoelectric motor, we use the ANSYS code to simulate. And so as to get the better performance and efficiency relate to the previous similar type’s motor under the same driving conditions, we try to use different vibration modules or modes to drive the multiple composite piezoelectric motor, including the longitudinal, the first bending, the second bending and the multiple vibration modules or modes by experiments. According to the results of the simulations and experiments, we found that the multiple composite piezoelectric motor has better rotational speed, loading ability and conversion efficiency of direction relate to the previous similar type’s motor. Where the maximum rotational speed multiple composite piezoelectric motor is up to 600 rpm under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 37.8 kHz driving frequency, 00 driving phase angle and 12.1 gw loading. And the maximum loading ability is 2500 gw under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 37.8 kHz driving frequency, 00 driving phase angle and 6rpm rotational speed.

Theory and Simulation Analysis of the Mode Shape and Normal Shape Actuators and Sensors

In this paper, we will try to find a universal theoretical model and approximate solutions which can be applied to both mode shape and normal shape actuators and sensors, and which can be predicted the gain of the first three modes of the mode shape and normal shape actuators and sensors, finally through computer simulation analysis to validate. In order to prove the feasibility of the theory and as well as convenient to use on the electro-mechanical engineering, we will try to simplify the three-dimension structure problem into an one-dimension structure problem. Furthermore we will design one kind of bimorph type piezoelectric cantilever beam, so that it can be used as with the actuator and sensor simultaneously, but also conducive to the theory and simulation analysis. As for the simulation analysis, we will use the ANSYS code.

A Study on the Composite Type Piezoelectric Motor

This study is to explore a composite type piezoelectric motor. Its main structures include the piezoelectric stator, rotor, the preload adjusting module and shaft. Wherein the piezoelectric stator is made base, the composite type actuating element and stator formed. As the composite type actuating element is set by the axial vibration type actuating element, horizontal bending vibration type actuating element and vertical bending vibration type actuating element formed. The stator is an empty cylinder with a waist and tapered hole. In addition, the rotor is a kind of a hollow cone. It can be through the preload adjusting module to withstand the stator. As the preload adjusting module is set by the limit element, spring, washer and nut formed. While the shaft is a kind of cylinder with screw thread and stopper, it can pass through the piezoelectric stator, rotor and the preload adjusting module, making it a composite type piezoelectric motor. When we provide appropriate driving voltage, frequency, loading and phase angle to the piezoelectric stator, we can let the piezoelectric motor produces rapid rotation. Of course, we can also change through the driving phase angle, to change the direction of rotation of the piezoelectric motor. According to the experimental results, we found that its maximum speed and loading are 480 rpm and 2305 gw under conditions of 180 Vp-p, 35 kHz and 00 driving phase angle. Most importantly, we also found that the composite type piezoelectric motor has a very good conversion efficiency of the driving phase angle.

Investigation of Breaking Efficiency of N-Glycosidic Bond Between Sulfonamide and Honey

Sulfonamide residue in honey existed in a form bonded to sugar via the N-glycosidic bond.It would result in the possible underestimation of concentration of sulfonamide if it is not decomposed by chemical methods.However,in China's Mainland and Taiwan（P.R.China）,the regulation for sulfonamide residue analysis does not include hydrolysis and has been applied to a very broad range of samples,for example,egg,milk,meat,seafood as well as honey.This paper demonstrates the necessity of hydrolysis of it prior to extracting honey.The breaking efficiencies of N-glycosidic bond were investigated by 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid,pure methanol and 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid in methanol,respectively.It was found that acid plays the key role in breaking the N-glycosidic bond,and it was also noticed that the dissolution of liberated sulfonamide in methanol could carry the reaction forward in favor of breaking the N-glycosidic bond.

Using Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Analysis on Vibration of a Piezoelectric Micro Pump

Due to the rise of biological and MEMS technology in recent years, some micro flow system components have drawn attention and been developed by many investigators. The importance of micro-pumps manufactured is higher than the other part of micro flow system since it is the power source of the entire micro-flow system and responsible for driving working fluid in the microfluidic system. In actual operation, the instability and bad dynamic characteristics of the micro-pump will cause larger fluid flow mobility error, such as transport behavior and response procedures failure, etc., and even damage the microfluidic system. Therefore, to investigate the stability and dynamic characteristics of a micro pump is necessary. The Finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS Workbench, is employed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of this micro pump, and experiment is also considered in this study.

Why Are China’s Regional Economic Development in Provinces so Different？

In 1978, China under Deng Xiaoping’s reform and open-door policy, China’s gradual establishment of state-owned enterprises （SOEs） are dominant and diverse forms of ownership developing economic system in China. Nowadays, with Taiwan and China following different development paths, foreign direct investment （FDI） and capital accumulation playing being the core aspect of these paths. With the enhancement of national work division, FDI becomes the critical force to implement economic globalization and economic development in different countries. Since the implementation of economic reform and liberation, the influence of foreign capital and technologies on economy in China becomes an important issue. According to the economic figures of the provinces （cities） in China from 1998 to 2012, this study constructs an open inner growth model. Infra-structure affects FDI in both direct and indirect ways. If the construction is more perfect to ensure that the production and transport of a large number of products, Enhance more consumption and market demand; on the other hand, manufacturers and thus increase production, these two aspects can attract more FDI. Research findings show that human capital, research and development （R ＆ D） investment and capital in China have grown and significantly contributed to economic development.

Prediction of Compressive Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity for CLSM with Waste LCD Glass Concrete

The purpose of this paper is to develop a prediction model of WGCLSM （waste LCD （liquid crystal display） glass controlled low strength materials） concrete, the relationship between UPV （ultrasonic pulse velocity） and compressive strength, UPV-strength model. The power function was used to perform the nonlinear-multivariate regression analysis of UPV with water-binder ratio （w/b）, curing age （t） and waste glass content （G） in our previous study. Test results show that the compressive strength increases with UPV and approach to a linear relationship. Thus, the UPV-strength model was established by linear-multivariate regression analysis and the compressive strength evaluated by ultrasonic pulse velocity. The calculated results are in accordance with the laboratory measured data ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength. In addition, the statistical analysis shows that the coefficient of determination R2 and the MAPE （mean absolute percentage error） were from 0.916 to 0.951 and 12.6% to 15.1% for the compressive strength, respectively. The proposed models are highly accurate in predicting the compressive and ultrasonic pulse velocity of WGCLSM concrete. However, with other ranges of mixture parameters, the predicted models must be further studied.

Analysis of Core Competency Required for the Managerial Work Force of Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan

This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as references for planning core courses of employee training and labor employment. Based on the research purposes, this study adopted revised DACUM, conducted literature review, and applied a questionnaire survey. The subjects were the members of SMEs Honor Instructor Association of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, and the Society of Management Science. Random sampling was used, with the number of employees as the units. The valid return rate was 24.2%. After testing goodness of fit of K-S single samples, this study found that a corporate management work force should have 11 items of core competencies, and 35 items of secondary competency.

Listening Comprehension Ability and Language Attitudes： American vs. British English

American English is predominantly prescribed as the primary English learning model at every educational level in Taiwan and limited attention is paid to other accents of English. It is therefore the intention of this paper to investigate whether Taiwan Residents EFL learners have difficulties understanding British English after years of instruction in American English, and to identify differences between learners＇ attitudes towards these two varieties of English. EFL learners from two universities were randomly assigned to American and British English groups and required to listen to short texts recorded with either American or British accent. An independent simple t-test showed that no significant differences were found in listening comprehension scores, but responses on questionnaires revealed significant differences in attitudes towards American and British English. The influence of long-term instruction in American English was evidenced. Based on these findings, suggestions are provided for English language teaching in Taiwan and implications are drawn for the concept of English as an International Language （ELL）, that in order to pursue successful international communication with people of various native languages, EFL learners need to experience various accents of English.