Experimental Research on the Fabrication of Modular Devices for Drilling Using PLA for Model Parts

The objective of the work is to determine the influence of the PLA melting temperature during 3D printing on the dimensional accuracy of the model parts. Two modular drilling devices were also made using PLA model parts. The model parts were 3D printed using FDM technology and the ZMorph 2.0 hybrid 3D printer. The accuracy of 3D printing of the model part influences the realization of modular devices. In recent years, technology has evolved a lot, and the need to have the most efficient manufacturing equipment has increased. This is the reason for the development of 3D printers using FDM technology for plastic parts. The software used by these 3D printers used in FDM technology is very sophisticated, as they allow the manufacture of very precise 3D prototypes, identical to the designed 3D model, through modern additive manufacturing techniques. The quality and mechanical strength of the prototypes obtained using 3D printers is very good. The materials used by the 3D printers manufactured by FDM are cheap and accessible. These 3D printers are used to make three-dimensional objects (gears, flanges, bearings, covers, casings, mechanisms, figurines, interior and exterior design elements, architectural models, medical models).

NEW PARAMETER FOR DESCRIBING AND ANALYZING THE OPTICAL-ANISOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES

To characterize the degree of similarity inherent to parameters of the optically uniaxial birefringent protein-fibril networks of biological tissues,a new parameter-complex degree of mutual anisotropy-has been offered.The technique of polarization measuring the coordinate distributions of the complex degree of mutual anisotropy of biological tissues has been developed.It has been shown that statistical approach to the analysis of complex degree of mutual anisotropy distributions for biological tissues in various morphological and physiological states and for different optical thicknesses appears to be more sensitive and efficient in differentiation of physiological state,as compared to investigations of complex degree of mutual polarization in the corresponding laser images.

Nature-Resource Potential of the Carpathian Region of Ukraine and Specificities of Its Use by Farming Enterprises

Method of nature-resource potential cost revaluation is suggested. The method proceeds from natural crop yield of Ukrainian lands provided that crops rotation is observed and lands are operated only mechanically with the use of no fertilizer. Nature-resource potential of Ukraine and its Carpathian Region are assessed in the aspect of administrative oblasts. Specificities of nature-resource potential’s use by farming enterprises are characterized. Peculiarities that effected upon formation of farming in Ukraine are reviewed. Indices of land availability are presented.

THE FEASIBILITIES OF USING THE STATISTICAL,FRACTAL AND SINGULAR PROCESSING OF HOMINAL BLOOD PLASMA PHASE IMAGES DURING THE DIAGNOSTICS AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MAMMARY GLAND PATHOLOGICAL STATES

Performed in this work are complex statistical,fractal and singular analyses of phase properties inherent to birefringence networks of protein crystals consisting of optically-thin layers prepared from blood plasma.Within the framework of a statistical approach,the authors have investigated values and ranges for changes of statistical moments of thefirst to the fourth orders that characterize coordinate distributions for phase shifts between orthogonal components of amplitudes inherent to laser radiation transformed by blood plasma with various pathologies.In the framework of the fractal approach,determined are the dimensions of self-similar coordinate phase distributions as well as features of transformation of logarithmic dependences for power spectra of these distributions for various types of hominal mammary gland pathologies.

CLASSIFYING OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACE-AND BULK-SCATTERING BIOLOGICAL LAYERS WITH POLARIZATION SINGULAR STATES

The results of singular approach usage in the tasks of description and classification of appearance of optical anisotropy of different types of phase-inhomogeneous biological layers(surface-scattering,optically thin and optically thick)have been presented.The characteristic values of the fourth Stokes vector parameter(S_(4)=0-linear polarization-(L-state);S_(4)=±1-circular polarization-(C-state))have been chosen as the main analytical tool descni bing polarization-singular states.The value of S.has been deternined by the value of phase shift betwoen the ort hogonal components of amplitude in the point of biological layer laser image and therefore is azimuthally stable.Hence,statistic moments of the first to the fourth orders characterizing the distribution of the amount of characteristic values S4=0;S_(4)=±1 have been used for definition and di ferentiation of optical properties of diferent types of biological layers-surface scattering,optically thin and optically thick human skin.

Laser polarization-variable autofluorescence of the network of optically anisotropic biological tissues:Diagnostics and differentiation of early stages of cancer of cervia uteri

This research presents the results of investigation of laser_polarization fluorescence ofbiological layers(histological sections,cy tological smears)in the task of diagnostics and differ-en tiation of early stages of cancer:Dysplasia-cervical microinvasive carcinoma of cervic uteri.The analytical conditions of polarization-optimal probing of biological layers were determinedbasing on the model of linear birefringence and dichroism of birefringent(fibrllar,porphyrin)networks.The technique of polarization-variable laser autofluorescence was developed andexperimentally tested.The objective criteria(statistical moments)of differentiation of histo-logical sections autofluorescent images of endometrium biopsy and cytological smears of itmucous coat were defined.The operational characteristics(sensitivity,speifity,accuracy)ofthis technique were determined concerning the positions of probative medicine,and clinical efficiency.

A charge of the erythrocyte test by automated method

New methods of an automated evaluation of the blood rheological parameters: 1) the viscosity, 2) electric conductivity and 3) the charge of erythrocytes have been theoretically and experimentally substantiated by way of registering the Q-factor of the tuned-circuit, containing a capillary with the blood flow. A design of an electronic measuring complex is based on modeling the physical blood conditions in the natural environment.

Dominant and Subdominant Types of Nature Resources in Ukraine: Regional Analysis

Geographic specificities of allocation of basic (dominant) and second significant (subdo-minant) types of nature resources of Ukraine are disclosed in the aspect of 278 Ukrainian natural (physic-geographic) rayon. Major territorial combinations of nature resources formed in the state’s natural regions are exposed.

Biomedical applications of Jones-matrix tomography to polycrystalline films of biological fuids

Algorithms for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence-dichroism of optically thin anisotropic biological layers are presented.The technique of Jones matrix tomography of poly-crystalline films of biological fuids of various human organs has been developed and experimentally tested.The coordinate distributions of phase and amplitude anisotropy of bile films and synovial fuid taken from the knee joint are determined and statistically analyzed.Criteria(statistical moments of 3rd and 4th orders)of differential diagnostics of early stages of cholelithiasis and septic arthritis of the knee joint with excellent balanced accuracy were determined.Data on the diagnostic fficiency of the Jones matrix tomography method for polyerystalline plasma(liver disease),urine(albuminuria)and cytological smears(cervical cancer)are presented.

Modeling of Sectional and Multi-stage Thermoelectric Modules as Waste Heat Recuperators

The results of computer simulation of segmented and cascaded thermoelectric generator modules are presented. That use of Bi2Te3-based materials as cold sections and PbTe-based materials as hot sections for two-section modules in the temperature range 303-773 K, allows to multiply their efficiency by 1.28 as compared to single-section ones. Cascade structures are characterized by better efficiency and lesser output power compared with the sectional, although construction investigated modules are designed to the equal areas.

Ocular surface heat flux density as a biomarker related to diabetic retinopathy(pilot study)

Dear Editor,Thermoregulation ensures a constant body temperature and is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the human body.^(1)In healthy individuals,body temperature is well-balanced and fluctuates within a narrow range.^(2)The normal continuous course of metabolic reactions in the human body and its vital activity in various conditions depends on the temperature equilibrium.^(3)

Energy spectrum of an electron confined in the hexagon-shaped quantum well

Considering the hexagonal-shaped quantum-scale formations on the surface of thin semiconductor films, a methodology was developed to obtain the analytical solution of the Schrdinger equation when impenetrable walls of a quantum well are treated as mirrors. The results obtained allowed the calculation of the space probability distributions and the energy spectrum of the particle confined in a hex-agonal-shaped well.

The study of the interactions between graphene and Ge（001）/Si（001）

The interaction between graphene and germanium surfaces was investigated using a combination of microscopic and macroscopic experimental techniques and complementary theoretical calculations.Density functional theory （DFT） calculations for different reconstructions of the Ge（001） surface showed that the interactions between graphene and the Ge（001） surface introduce additional peaks in the density of states,superimposed on the graphene valence and conduction energy bands.The growth of graphene induces nanofaceting of the Ge（001） surface,which exhibits well-organized hill and valley structures.The graphene regions covered by hills are of high quality and exhibit an almost linear dispersion relation,which indicates weak graphene-germanium interactions.On the other hand,the graphene component occupying valley regions is significantly perturbed by the interaction with germanium.It was also found that the stronger graphene-germanium interaction observed in the valley regions is connected with a lower local electrical conductivity.Annealing of graphene/Ge（001）/Si（001） was performed to obtain a more uniform surface.This process results in a surface characterized by negligible hill and valley structures;however,the graphene properties unexpectedly deteriorated with increasing uniformity of the Ge（001） surface.To sum up,it was shown that the mechanism responsible for the formation of local conductivity inhomogeneities in graphene covering the Ge（001） surface is related to the different strength of graphene-germanium interactions.The present results indicate that,in order to obtain high-quality graphene,the experimental efforts should focus on limiting the interactions between germanium and graphene,which can be achieved by adjusting the growth conditions.

Memory effects in scattering from accelerating bodies

Interaction of electromagnetic,acoustic,and even gravitational waves with accelerating bodies forms a class of nonstationary time-variant processes.Scattered waves contain intrinsic signatures of motion,which manifest in a broad range of phenomena,including Sagnac interference,and both Doppler and micro-Doppler frequency shifts.Although general relativity is often required to account for motion,instantaneous rest frame approaches are frequently used to describe interactions with slowly accelerating objects.We investigate theoretically and experimentally an interaction regime that is neither relativistic nor adiabatic.The test model considers an accelerating scatterer with a long-lasting relaxation memory.The slow decay rates violate the instantaneous reaction assumption of quasistationarity,introducing nonMarkovian contributions to the scattering process.Memory signatures in scattering from a rotating dipole are studied theoretically,showing symmetry breaking of micro-Doppler combs.A quasistationary numeric analysis of scattering in the short-memory limit is proposed and validated experimentally with an example of electromagnetic pulses interacting with a rotating wire.