Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota:16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Prevotella,Firmicutes,Bacteroides,and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups,respectively.Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.CONCLUSION Obese children exhibited lowerα-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children.Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.

Value of combining targeted emergency nursing with psychological nursing in children with febrile convulsions

BACKGROUND Febrile convulsions are a common pediatric emergency that imposes significant psychological stress on children and their families.Targeted emergency care and psychological nursing are widely applied in clinical practice,but their value and impact on the management of pediatric febrile convulsions are unclear.AIM To determine the impact of targeted emergency nursing combined with psychological nursing on satisfaction in children with febrile convulsions.METHODS Data from 111 children with febrile convulsions who received treatment at Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between June 2021 and October 2022 were analyzed.The control group consisted of 44 children who received conventional nursing care and the research group consisted of 67 children who received targeted emergency and psychological nursing.The time to fever resolution,time to resolution of convulsions,length of hospital stays,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,patient compliance,nursing satisfaction of the parents,occurrence of complications during the nursing process,and parental anxiety and depression were compared between the control and research groups.Parental anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA).RESULTS The fever resolution,convulsion disappearance,and hospitalization times were longer in the control group compared with the research group(P<0.0001).The time to falling asleep,sleep time,sleep quality,sleep disturbance,sleep efficiency,and daytime status scores were significantly better in the research group compared with the control group(P<0.0001).The HAMD and HAMA scores for parents of children in the research group were lower than the scores in the control group after nursing(P<0.05).Compliance with treatment of children in the research group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Parental satisfaction with nursing in the research group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05).The total complication rate of children in the control group was higher than in the research group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combining psychological nursing with targeted emergency nursing improved the satisfaction of children’s families and compliance with treatment and promoted early recovery of clinical symptoms and improvement of sleep quality.

Splenic hamartomas in children

Splenic hamartomas(SHs)are uncommon,benign vascular lesions of unclear etiology and are mostly found incidentally on abdominal images,at surgery,or at autopsy.Since the first case description,in 1861,less than 50 pediatric SH cases have been reported in the literature.In this article,we have performed an analysis of all SH cases in children published in the literature to date and presented our case of an 8-year-old male with SH.These lesions in children were shown to cause symptoms more often than in the adult population.The observed SH sizes in children ranged from a few millimeters to 18 cm,and the symptomatic lesions were mostly larger or multiple.The most common clinical finding was splenomegaly.Signs of hypersplenism were present in children with a single SH larger than 4.5 cm(diameter range:4.5-18.0 cm)and in those with multiple hamartomas,ranging from a few millimeters to 5 cm.Eighty percent of patients with available laboratory findings had hematological abnormalities such as anemia,thrombocytopenia,or pancytopenia.Other symptoms and signs included abdominal pain,recurrent infections,fever,night sweats,lethargy,growth retardation,and weight loss.The use of multiple imaging modalities may suggest the preoperative diagnosis of a splenic mass in children and determine the therapeutic approach.However,the final diagnosis of SH relies on histopathological evaluation.Surgery,including total or partial splenectomy(PS),is the mainstay of SH management.Milickovic M et al.Splenomas in children WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 1910 April 16,2024 Volume 12 Issue 11 Although total splenectomy carries a greater risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection than PS it has remained the most performed surgical procedure in children with SH.In the majority of pediatric patients with symptomatic SH,resolution of symptoms and resolution or improvement of cytopenias occurred after surgical treatment.

Chinese child health care in 60 years

Much has been achieved in child health care over the .past 60 years since the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949. In the early years after 1949, a series of new laws provided the basis for the evolution of preventive medicine, vaccination, antibiotic drug treatment and the set-up of maternal and child health care institutions in China. Since the 1980s, programs aiming at controlling child mortality and protecting child health have been put into effect, greatly promoting child health care and primary prevention.

Application of Echocardiography Combined with Blood SAA, IL-6, PCT, and CRP Detection in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children

Objective: To understand the application of echocardiography combined with blood SAA, IL-6, PCT, and CRP detection in the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease in children. Methods: 56 children with Kawasaki disease were selected as the study subjects as the treatment group, and 54 children with other diseases during the same period were selected as the control group. Echocardiography, blood SAA, IL-6, PCT and CRP were detected before and after treatment to observe the results of the two groups. A database was established to compare the changes of various indicators between the two groups, as well as the application value of each indicator in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease, and the pros and cons of the application of each indicator in the diagnosis and treatment of children with Kawasaki disease were analyzed, so as to provide a clearer early warning mechanism for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of children with Kawasaki disease. Results: There was no significant difference in the results of related imaging indexes in the control group before and after treatment (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the results of relevant imaging indicators in the treatment group before and after treatment (P > 0.05), except for LMCA (P < 0.05). The comparison of imaging related indicators before and after treatment between the two groups showed that except for no statistically significant difference in LMCA and RMCA before treatment (P > 0.05), all other indicators had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The results of relevant laboratory indexes in control group before and after treatment were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of relevant laboratory indexes before and after treatment in the treatment group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of relevant laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups, except for the results of SAA, IL-6 and PCT before treatment, which were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), the differences in all other indicators were statistically significant (P Conclusion: The combination of echocardiography with blood SAA, IL-6, PCT, and CRP detection can establish the optimal evaluation plan for accurate and effective diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Kawasaki disease in children, providing more accurate and reliable diagnostic and treatment methods and laboratory data for clinical practice, and thus providing strong protection for children’s health.

Literature Review on Support for Children and Families Experiencing Parental Bereavement

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the actual nursing support in a wide perspective by reviewing overseas literature on support for children who have experienced parental bereavement and their families. The goal was to identify future challenges in nursing support in clinical practice in Japan. Method: Literature searchable as of May 2023 was retrieved using PubMed, resulting in 11 relevant articles. Result: The results revealed the following: 1) For support provided to children, 13 codes were condensed into 5 subcategories and 4 categories. 2) For support provided to families, 36 codes were condensed into 11 subcategories and 4 categories. Conclusion: Open communication was found to be essential for supporting children and their families who have experienced parental bereavement. Moreover, involvement of multiple professions facilitated the provision of specialized support to address diverse needs of children and families, playing a crucial role in overcoming grief. Additionally, the effectiveness of support systems for bereaved families highlighted the need for nursing professionals in Japan to gain knowledge through learning opportunities and to establish a multi-disciplinary approach to support, thus indicating future challenges in nursing support.

Assessment of Quality of Life, Family Function and Family Empowerment for Families Who Provide Home Care for a Child with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities in Japan

Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID child) and the recognition of family function as a whole. Thus, to improve family members’ QoL, we should focus on individuals and also approach the family as a whole.

Age-specific causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children

The etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)varies by age,from newborns to adolescents,with some of the causes overlapping between age groups.While particular causes such as vitamin K deficiency and cow’s milk protein allergy are limited to specific age groups,occurring only in neonates and infants,others such as erosive esophagitis and gastritis may be identified at all ages.Furthermore,the incidence of UGIB is variable throughout the world and in different hospital settings.In North America and Europe,most UGIBs are nonvariceal,associated with erosive esophagitis,gastritis,and gastric and duodenal ulcers.In recent years,the most common causes in some Middle Eastern and Far Eastern countries are becoming similar to those in Western countries.However,variceal bleeding still predominates in certain parts of the world,especially in South Asia.The most severe hemorrhage arises from variceal bleeding,peptic ulceration,and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Hematemesis is a credible indicator of a UGI source of bleeding in the majority of patients.Being familiar with the most likely UGIB causes in specific ages and geographic areas is especially important for adequate orientation in clinical settings,the use of proper diagnostic tests, and rapid initiation of the therapy. The fundamental approach to the management of UGIBincludes an immediate assessment of severity, detecting possible causes, and providing hemodynamic stability,followed by early endoscopy. Unusual UGIB causes must always be considered when establishing a diagnosis inthe pediatric population because some of them are unique to children. Endoscopic techniques are of significantdiagnostic value, and combined with medicaments, may be used for the management of acute bleeding. Finally,surgical treatment is reserved for the most severe bleeding.

Robocare护理对子宫肌瘤剔除术患者应对方式、心理韧性及自我护理能力的影响

目的 探讨子宫肌瘤剔除术患者给予Robocare护理干预对应对方式、心理韧性及自我护理能力的影响。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年2月在郑州市妇幼保健院行子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者共计90例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分成干预组(45例)和对照组(45例),对照组给予常规护理干预,干预组给予Robocare护理干预,比较两组患者应对方式、心理韧性及自我护理能力。结果 两组干预后面对评分提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),回避、屈服评分下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组面对评分较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),回避、屈服评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预后心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评分提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组评分较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预后自我护理能力量表(ESCA)评分提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组评分较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 子宫肌瘤剔除术患者给予Robocare护理干预,能够改善患者应对方式,提高其心理韧性及自我护理能力。

情景模拟结合CBL对提升产科住院医师医患沟通能力的效果分析

目的探讨在产科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)中进行情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学对医患沟通技能培训的效果。方法选取50名在产科规范化培训的住院医师为研究对象。培训前进行学员调查和医患沟通能力SEGUE测评。基于产科住培大纲选择5个典型病例情景,由教师录制5个典型病例病情医患沟通的示范视频,并梳理相关背景知识,在产科住院医师中依次开展培训课程,即视频示范、小组讨论、病例背景知识梳理讲解、分角色演练、演练后反馈和评价以及临床实践。培训后再次进行学员调查和医患沟通能力SEGUE测评。使用配对样本的非参数检验方法评价培训效果。结果情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学的医患沟通技能培训后,学员医患沟通能力SEGUE测评总分提高[13.00(11.00~16.00)vs.22.00(20.00~24.00)],差异具有统计学意义(Z=-6.159,P<0.001);医患沟通能力SEGUE测评总体合格率提高[36.0%(18/50)vs.98.0%(49/50)],差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=43.464,P<0.001)。结论情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学的医患沟通技能培训可有效提高学员医患沟通能力,调动学员的学习主动性,激发学员内在学习动力,建议在产科住培中纳入此类课程。

补肾活血方治疗肾虚血瘀型卵巢储备功能下降患者的临床疗效观察

目的观察补肾活血方对肾虚血瘀型卵巢储备功能下降(DOR)患者的治疗效果。方法选取北京妇产医院中医科2021年1月至2022年12月就诊的180例诊断为DOR的肾虚血瘀型患者作为研究对象,采用计算机随机分组法分为雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片组(西药组)、补肾活血方组(中药组)和补肾活血方联合雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片组(联合组),各60例。观察三组治疗前后卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、抗米勒管激素(AMH)、窦卵泡数(AFC)、卵巢体积、卵巢动脉和子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)、子宫内膜厚度的变化,比较三组中医证候评分及疗效。结果11例患者(4例来自西药组,3例来自中药组,4例来自联合组)退出研究。6个月后,三组FSH和LH均显著降低,E_(2)和AMH升高(P<0.05);西药组和联合组较中药组FSH降低更显著,E_(2)升高更显著(P<0.01)。治疗后,中药组和联合组卵巢体积增加(P<0.05),AFC显著增加(P<0.01),卵巢动脉RI显著降低(P<0.01);西药组卵巢体积增加不显著(P>0.05),AFC显著增加(P<0.05),卵巢动脉RI显著降低(P<0.05);三组子宫动脉RI均无显著改善(P>0.05)。三组子宫内膜厚度均显著增加(P<0.05),西药组和联合组较中药组增加更显著(P<0.01)。与治疗前相比,三组治疗后中医证候评分均显著降低(P<0.05),且中药组和联合组中医证候评分降低的程度大于西药组(P<0.05)。西药组总有效率为71.43%,中药组为82.46%,联合组为85.96%;联合组的疗效优于西药组(P<0.05)。结论补肾活血方能够通过平衡激素水平、促进排卵和修复子宫内膜对DOR患者产生良好的治疗效果,联合应用雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片可能是治疗DOR的一种行之有效的治疗策略。

栀子苷调节PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中对Th17/Treg功能的影响

目的:观察栀子苷对载脂蛋白E缺乏(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠Th17/调节性T(Treg)细胞失衡的影响及其作用机制。方法:将50只纯合子ApoE^(-/-)雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和栀子苷低剂量组、栀子苷中剂量组、栀子苷高剂量组。对照组小鼠喂养普通饲料,模型组和栀子苷组小鼠喂养高脂饲料。从第8周开始,栀子苷各剂量组每日灌胃栀子苷(25、50、100 mg/kg),连续8周。试验结束时,采用油红O染色评估主动脉及其根部动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变面积比。采用定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析主动脉组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17A和IL-10 mRNA表达;采用流式细胞仪分析脾脏中Th17和Treg细胞百分比;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测主动脉组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果:油红O染色病变显示,栀子苷中剂量组、栀子苷高剂量组病变百分比低于模型组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组主动脉TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17A mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05);栀子苷各剂量组主动脉TNF-α、IL-6和IL-17A mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组主动脉抗炎细胞因子IL-10 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05);栀子苷各剂量组主动脉抗炎细胞因子IL-10 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠脾脏中Th17细胞百分比升高,Treg细胞百分比降低(P<0.05)。栀子苷处理恢复了AS小鼠Th17和Treg细胞的平衡。栀子苷抑制PI3K的表达及AKT和mTOR的磷酸化,MHY1485(mTOR活化剂)减弱了栀子苷对T细胞分化的影响。结论:栀子苷抗AS作用机制可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号引起的Treg细胞增多和Th17细胞减少有关。

基于早期干预的康复护理模式在脑性瘫痪高危儿中的应用

目的 探究基于早期干预的康复护理模式在脑性瘫痪高危儿中的应用价值。方法 选取2022年1月至12月嘉兴市妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护室收治的脑性瘫痪高危儿112例。根据家长意愿将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各56例。对照组给予常规护理模式,观察组在常规护理的基础上采用基于早期干预的康复护理模式。在矫正1月龄和矫正3月龄时,使用全身运动质量评估方法对两组患儿的中枢神经发育情况进行评价。结果 观察组患儿矫正1月龄和矫正3月龄的正常率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于早期干预的康复护理模式对脑性瘫痪高危儿的神经发育有一定的促进作用,可在临床早期护理中推广应用。

化痰消瘀汤联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮片治疗多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床疗效及对其妊娠的影响

目的 观察化痰消瘀汤联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)患者的疗效及对其妊娠的影响。方法 选取2020年6月—2021年6月期间山东省枣庄市妇幼保健院生殖医学中心及妇科就诊的PCOS患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组予炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用化痰消瘀汤治疗。两组患者均治疗3个月。观察比较两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、血清激素[促黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、促卵泡生成素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E_(2))]水平、卵巢体积、卵泡数目、子宫内膜厚度(Endometrial thickness,EM)、阻力指数(Resistance Index,RI)、螺旋动脉搏动指数(Spiral artery pulsatilityindex,PI),并比较两组患者妊娠结局。结果 治疗后两组患者中医证候积分均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组中医证候积分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清激素E_(2)、LH及T水平均较治疗前明显降低,FSH水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血清激素E_(2)、LH及T水平均明显低于对照组,FSH水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者卵巢体积及卵泡数目均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组卵巢体积及卵泡数目均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者EM值均较治疗前升高,PI、RI值均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组EM值明显高于对照组,PI、RI值均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组妊娠率71.05%(27/38)、排卵率89.47%(34/38)及生产率57.59%(22/38)明显高于对照组51.36%(19/37)、75.68%(28/37)、24.32%(9/37),且早期流产率13.16%(5/38)明显低于对照组27.02%(10/37),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 化痰消瘀汤的应用能进一步有效减轻PCOS患者临床症状,改善其卵巢异常状态,改变机体多囊性,调节激素水平和子宫容受性,有利于促进患者排卵及妊娠,提高妊娠率。

母婴同室护士对新生儿低血糖管理的认知现况调查

目的:了解母婴同室护士对新生儿低血糖管理的认知情况。方法:于2018年12月1日—2019年2月28日选取首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院母婴同室的121名护士作为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷对护士进行调查。结果:121名护士中,所有护士均认为需要定期学习新生儿低血糖的相关知识,80.17%(97/121)的护士通过医院培训获取新生儿低血糖相关知识,80.17%的护士希望由新生儿科医师定期开展新生儿低血糖相关知识培训。护士对不同新生儿低血糖问题的认知正确率差异较大,为3.31%~95.87%,且工作年限≥5年的护士“您认为新生儿低血糖主要损害哪个脏器”“您认为母亲发生妊娠糖尿病的新生儿为什么容易发生低血糖”条目认知正确率高于工作年限<5年的护士,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:母婴同室护士,尤其是工作年限<5年的护士,对新生儿低血糖相关知识的认知相对不足,医院定期开展针对性培训十分必要。

二氢杨梅素对高糖刺激下心肌细胞坏死性凋亡的影响

目的探究二氢杨梅素(DHY)对高糖刺激下心肌细胞损伤的影响。方法原代心肌细胞用DHY(80μmol/L预处理4 h,用正常葡萄糖(NG)5.5 mmol/L或高糖(HG)33.3 mmol/L刺激48 h。随后利用MTT法评估细胞活性,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)评估细胞损伤程度,二氢乙锭(DHE)和MitoSOX染色评估氧化应激水平,蛋白印迹和免疫荧光检测受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(RIPK3)蛋白表达,原位末端转移酶标记(TUNEL)法检测心肌细胞凋亡程度。结果与HG组相比,DHY显著增强高糖刺激下心肌细胞活性(P=0.003),减少LDH释放(P=0.001),减弱DHE和MitoSOX染色荧光强度,显著抑制RIPK3蛋白表达(P<0.01),减少TUNEL染色阳性细胞数量(P<0.01)。结论DHY增强高糖刺激下心肌细胞活性,减轻损伤程度,可能与DHY抑制氧化应激和减弱坏死性凋亡有关。

细胞角蛋白7在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的表达及临床意义

目的 探究细胞角蛋白7 (cytokeratin7,CK7)在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的表达及临床意义。方法 选取2017年1月至2023年4月在甘肃省妇幼保健院就诊疑似宫颈病变患者的存档病理蜡块及其相关的病历资料,其中包括正常宫颈鳞状上皮100例(正常组)、宫颈鳞癌100例(宫颈鳞癌组)、宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions,LSIL) 100例(LSIL组)、宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions,HSIL) 100例(HSIL组)、宫颈腺癌50例(宫颈腺癌组)。使用免疫组织化学方法检测各组p16、Ki-67和CK7的表达情况,分析其对宫颈癌与癌前病变的诊断价值和对LSIL与HSIL的鉴别价值,并比较宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)Ⅱ级及CINⅢ级、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)感染及非感染患者的p16、Ki-67和CK7表达情况。结果 五组p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);宫颈鳞癌组、宫颈腺癌组、HSIL组、LSIL组的p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率均显著高于正常组(均P<0.05),宫颈鳞癌组、宫颈腺癌组的p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率均显著高于HSIL组、LSIL组(均P<0.05),HSIL组的p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率均显著高于LSIL组(均P<0.05);p16、Ki-67和CK7表达联合检测诊断宫颈癌及癌前病变的曲线下面积(the area under curve,AUC)均显著大于各指标单独检测(均P<0.05)。p16、Ki-67和CK7表达联合检测鉴别LSIL与HSIL的AUC均显著大于各指标单独检测(均P<0.05);CINⅡ级和CINⅢ级患者的p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);HR-HPV感染组的p16、Ki-67和CK7阳性表达率均显著高于非感染组(均P<0.05)。结论 CK7在宫颈癌及癌前病变患者中多呈现阳性表达现象,其与p16、Ki-67联合检测对宫颈癌及癌前病变具有诊断价值,且HR-HPV感染可促进CK7阳性表达。

早期预警评分联合SBAR沟通模式在高危新生儿中的应用

目的探讨改良早期预警评分(modified early warning score,MEWS)联合SBAR[现状(situation)、背景(background)、评估(assessment)、建议(recommendation)]沟通模式在高危新生儿中的应用效果,为临床提供一种有效评估患儿病情变化的沟通方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2022年8月至9月入住本院新生儿科病房的高危新生儿270例作为研究对象。以8月入院的高危新生儿为对照组,9月入院的高危新生儿作为试验组,每组分别纳入135例患儿。对照组患儿按照常规护理实施病情观察,试验组患儿在对照组基础采用MEWS联合SBAR沟通模式实施病情观察。比较两组高危新生儿预警事件发生情况,护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致率,医生对护士工作的满意率。结果两组均完成研究。对照组中63.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,试验组中92.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.622,P<0.001)。试验组护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致性(Kappa系数=0.926)高于对照组(Kappa系数=0.641);试验组医生对护士在专科知识、抢救应急能力、掌握病情情况、及时观察病情变化、医护配合、工作积极性、沟通能力、心理素质方面的满意率均高于对照组(80.0%~95.0%v30.0%~55.0%),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论MEWS与SBAR沟通模式联合应用,有助于护士准确评估患儿病情变化,及时有效完成医护沟通,提高护士观察、沟通和处理能力,也提高了医生对护士工作的满意度。

呼出气一氧化氮、肺泡一氧化氮和嗜酸性粒细胞对3~6岁儿童呼吸系统疾病的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、肺泡一氧化氮(CaNO)和嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)在甘肃省兰州市3~6岁儿童呼吸系统疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取确诊哮喘或过敏性鼻炎或下呼吸道感染的360例3~6岁儿童作为研究对象,采用斯皮尔曼秩相关系数评估FeNO、CaNO、EOS的相关性,通过随机森林模型、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、多因素逻辑回归分析评估FeNO、CaNO和EOS对3种疾病的鉴别诊断价值。结果哮喘患儿的FeNO、CaNO中位数高于其他疾病患儿,过敏性鼻炎患儿的EOS中位数最低,下呼吸道感染患儿的FeNO、CaNO中位数最低。相关性分析结果显示,FeNO与CaNO呈正相关(r=0.59,P<0.05),FeNO与EOS呈负相关(r=-0.61,P<0.05),CaNO与EOS呈负相关(r=-0.63,P<0.05)。随机森林模型显示,FeNO在疾病分类中的重要性最高。ROC曲线分析结果显示,3种疾病中,FeNO、CaNO、EOS对下呼吸道感染的诊断效能均最高(曲线下面积分别为0.86、0.91、1.00)。多因素逻辑回归模型诊断哮喘的曲线下面积为0.96,灵敏度为0.902,特异度为0.881。结论FeNO、CaNO和EOS在鉴别诊断兰州地区3~6岁儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、下呼吸道感染方面展现出较好的潜力,且基于三者构建的多因素逻辑回归模型可有效提升对哮喘的诊断准确性。

乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结阴性相关因素及预后价值分析

目的分析乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗(NAC)后腋窝淋巴结阴性的相关因素及预后价值。方法收集2011年1月至2021年12月在嘉兴市妇幼保健院接受NAC并行乳腺癌根治性手术的179例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,根据NAC后腋窝淋巴结状态分为阴性组(74例)和阳性组(105例)。比较两组患者临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析患者NAC后腋窝淋巴结阴性的影响因素。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,探讨NAC后腋窝淋巴结状态与预后的关系。结果两组患者年龄、BMI、月经状态、初始肿块最大径、肿块位置、病理类型、孕激素受体状态、ki-67表达、人表皮生长因子受体2状态和化疗方案等比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);初始腋窝淋巴结阴性(P<0.001)、雌激素受体(ER)阴性(P=0.027)、NAC后乳房病理学完全缓解(pCR)(P<0.001)是NAC后腋窝淋巴结阴性的独立影响因素。阴性组较阳性组有更高的5年无复发生存率(84.2%和67.5%,P<0.01)和5年总生存率(93.7%和77.7%,P<0.01)。结论初始腋窝淋巴结阴性、ER阴性、NAC后乳房p CR的患者,其NAC后腋窝淋巴结阴性可能性高,提示可采用腋窝前哨淋巴结活检来评估腋窝状态。NAC后腋窝淋巴结状态可能成为预测乳腺癌患者预后的重要指标。