Comparison of horse and cow milk on sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:a double-blind randomized clinical trial study

Approximately 25%–50%of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have sleep problems.The aim of this study is to compare the effect of horse milk with conventionally-fed cow’s milk on sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.In this randomized double-blind crossover study,30 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly selected and divided into two groups.All patients underwent a 45-day period of horse milk consumption and a 45-day period of cow milk consumption and they continued their drug treatment.A one-week interval between two periods of milk consumption was considered as the washout period.The severity of sleep disorder in the studied patients was determined based on the short form of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ).Twenty-two(73.3%)male and eight(26.7%)female patients were included in this study.The mean age of the patients was 8.9 years.Our results showed that horse milk consumption improved the CSHQ score.For the group of patients consuming horse milk prior to cow milk,reductions of total CSHQ(P-value=0.001)and subscale 1(P-value<0.001)scores were significant.For the group of patients consuming cow milk first,in addition to the total CSHQ(P-value<0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.001)and 4(P-value=0.009)dropped significantly.On the other hand,the results indicated that cow milk consumption increased the CSHQ score.Specifically,for the group of patients consuming horse milk first,the total CSHQ(P-value=0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.016),and subscale 4(P-value=0.010)increased significantly.The mean values of the first,second,third,and fourth subscales of CSHQ before and after the washout period were not significantly different between the two groups.According to the study,consuming horse milk was significantly better than cow milk in improving the total score of CSHQ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A Juvenile Sex Offender with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting in early life.These children are more vulnerable to sexual abuse as victims and offenders.Here we describe a teenager with previously undiagnosed ADHD presenting with an alleged act of sexual offending.Case report:According to the 14-year-old accused,he has engaged in penetrative anal intercourse with another school colleague.He also divulged past such incidents involving a teenage male relative and insertion of foreign bodies by him to his anus repeatedly.On assessment the accused had features of inattention such as difficulty in sustaining attention,failing to finish work and features of impulsivity such as difficulty waiting for his turn and intruding on others.He was diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM 5 clinical criteria which were supported by the Sinhalese adaptation of the Swanson,Nolan and Pelham questionnaire.The assessment of the non-verbal intelligence was in the normal range,but his school performance was far below the average.Discussion:Undiagnosed ADHD contributes to academic impairment and inappropriate sexual behaviour.It is possible that the described adolescent’s impulsiveness and inattention contributed to his academic failure and risky sexual behaviour.Early detection and proper management of this disorder may have reduced the risk of such behaviour in him.